The Japan Renewal Party (新生党, Shinseitō, abbr.: JRP) was a Japanese political party that existed in the early 1990s.[2] It was founded in 1993 by 44 members of the Liberal Democratic Party led by Tsutomu Hata and Ichirō Ozawa. It was instrumental in ending the LDP's 38-year dominance of Japanese politics.
Japan Renewal Party 新生党 Shinseitō | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Founders | Tsutomu Hata Ichirō Ozawa |
| Founded | 23 June 1993 |
| Dissolved | 9 December 1994 |
| Split from | Liberal Democratic Party (Hata faction) |
| Merged into | New Frontier Party |
| Ideology | Reformism[1] |
Both reformers, Hata and Ozawa had been involved in a difficult leadership struggle within the former Takeshita faction of the LDP. Their opponents, led by Keizo Obuchi and Ryutaro Hashimoto, were using the fallout of the Sagawa Kyubin scandal as a tool to undermine the reformist position. Hata and Ozawa split from the party partly to shift media attention away from the scandal. In doing so, they transformed an internal party dispute to a wide-ranging conflict that led to a decade of shifting allegiances and short-lived parties.
In the elections immediately following the split, the JRP won 55 seats, making it one of the most powerful opposition parties. Most importantly, the party drew off support crucial to the LDP. While several other small parties had split from the LDP, Hata and Ozawa's group was the largest, and was widely considered to have finally broken the back of LDP dominance.
Known for his political organisational skills, Ozawa organised a five-party coalition of the JRP, the Japan Socialist Party, the Democratic Socialist Party, Komeito and the Socialist Democratic Federation. This coalition held 237 seats in the Diet, and after convincing the Japan New Party and the New Party Sakigake to join, was able to form a government under Morihiro Hosokawa.
As the impetus for the collapse of LDP power, the JRP was able to exert great power in the coalition. While some concessions to other parties were made, the JRP was perhaps overly dominant, eventually forcing some other members out of the coalition through its heavy-handed style. In 1994, the JRP merged into the New Frontier Party.
Presidents of JRP
edit| No. | Name (Birth–death) |
Constituency / title | Term of office | Image | Prime Minister (term) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | ||||||
| Split from: Liberal Democratic Party | |||||||
| 1 | Tsutomu Hata (1935–2017) 
|
Rep for Nagano 2nd |
23 June 1993 | 9 December 1994 | 
|
Miyazawa 1991–93 | |
| Hosokawa 1993–94 | |||||||
| himself 1994 | |||||||
| Murayama 1994–96 | |||||||
| Successor party: New Frontier Party | |||||||
Election results
edit| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | Position | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | Tsutomu Hata | 6,341,364 | 10.10 | 55 / 511
|
3rd | Governing coalition |
References
edit- ^ Mendl, Wolf (1997). Japan's Asia Policy: Regional Security and Global Interests. Routledge. p. 272. ISBN 0-415-16466-4. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
It is more significant that the three new reformist parties which contested the election—Shinseito (Japan Renewal Party), Nihon Shinto (Japan New Party) and Sakigake (Harbinger Party)—were all led by former politicians of the LDP.
- ^ Hoover, William D. (2011). Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan. The Scarecrow Press. p. 129. ISBN 9780810854604.