According to the OECD defininion, shuttle trade is "the activity in which individual entrepreneurs buy goods abroad and import them for resale in street markets or small shops. Often the goods are imported without full declaration in order to avoid import duties."[1][2][3]
History
editShuttle traders (Russian: челноки, romanized: chelnoki, lit. 'shuttles'; Ukrainian: човники, romanized: chovniki) were people engaged in the practice of shuttle trade in late Soviet Union and post-soviet states in which traders shuttle backwards and forwards in and out of the country buying goods and then selling them within the country.[4] Originated during the perestroika times, it extended well beyond time of the collapse of the Soviet Union in Russia, as well as in many other post-Soviet states.[5][6][7][8][9]
Shuttlers may carry goods for sale in both directions, and it is often a contraband, based on loopholes in import laws. Often shuttlers are victims of robbery, because they are easily identifiable. Still, the business is attractive. For example, in 2007 it was reported that a St. Petersburg<->Finland shuttler earns 400-600 Euros per trip on average.[10]
In Turkey the practice of shuttle trading is known as "suitcase trade" (Turkish: Bavul ticareti) since 1960s when goods for sale were brought from Northern Cyprus in suitcases, hence the term.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Measuring the Non-Observed Economy: A Handbook, OECD, Annex 2, p. 208
- ^ shuttle trade, ESCWA, citing OECD
- ^ Lidia Lukyanova, HOW THE SHUTTLE TRADERS SAVE RUSSIA, Prism Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 1997, Jamestown Foundation
- ^ "ПРАВДА.info - Ода "челнокам"". www.pravda.info. Retrieved 2018-11-25.
- ^ "Кто такие "челноки": откуда взялись и куда подевались?". shkolazhizni.ru. Retrieved 2018-11-25.
- ^ Lidia Lukyanova, HOW THE SHUTTLE TRADERS SAVE RUSSIA, 1997
- ^ Igor Rotar, MERCHANTS PROTEST NEW BANKING LAWS IN UZBEKISTAN, 2004
- ^ Grigory Ioffe, A Business and a Pep Talk, 2013
- ^ TURKEY’S CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC PRESENCE GROWS IN KYRGYZSTAN, 2007
- ^ Челночный бизнес по-петербургски: Финны напуганы, December 19, 2007
- ^ Yüksek Lisans Tezi TÜRKİYE’DEKİ BAVUL TİCARETİ GELİŞMELER VE YENİ ALTERNATİFLER , 2007
External links
edit- Zabyelina, Y. (2012). “Costs and Benefits of Informal Economy: Shuttle Trade and Crime at Cherkizovsky Market.” Global Crime, Volume 13, No. 2, pp. 95-108. (behind the paywall)