The siege of the Troitsky monastery (Russian: Троицкая осада)[3] was an abortive attempt of the Polish–Lithuanian irregular army that acted in support of False Dmitry II to capture the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, north-east of Moscow. The siege lasted for 16 months, from 23 September 1608 until 12 January 1610.[4][5]
| Siege of the Trinity monastery | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Time of Troubles and the Polish–Muscovite Wars (1605–1618) | |||||||
 Orthodox monks led by the chronicler Avraamy Palitsyn defended the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra against Polish troops from September 1609 to January 1611. | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
 Tsardom of Russia | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Jan Piotr Sapieha Aleksander Lisowski |
Grigory Dolgorukov Aleksey Golokhvastov Archimandrite Joasaph Since October 1609: Grigory Valuyev Davyd Zherebtsov | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 30,000 Polish interventionists and Cossacks[1][2] | 2,400 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | Heavy, around 2,000 | ||||||
Siege
editIn December 1608, the Polish army of some 15,000 men, led by Jan Piotr Sapieha and Aleksander Lisowski, laid siege to the fortress of the Trinity Monastery (Russian: Троицкий монастырь, romanized: Troitskiy monastyr'), which had been protecting the northern approaches to Moscow. The Russian garrison (estimated at between 2,200 and 2,400 men) consisted of dvoryane, streltsy, monastic servants, monks, and peasants, led by the voyevodas Prince Grigory Dolgorukov and Aleksey Golokhvastov.[3]
In early October 1608, the attackers began shelling and mining the monastery. Numerous assaults in October and November were repelled by the Russians and resulted in heavy losses for the Polish army. The besieged undertook frequent sallies, one of which (9 November) ended with the explosion of a mine under a monastery tower and the destruction of an enemy battery on the Red Mountain, with two peasants, Shipov and Sloba, losing their lives during this sally.
There had been no significant military activity from late November 1608 until May 1609, but the besieged garrison suffered many casualties due to an outbreak of scurvy. In May through July 1609, the Russians repelled a number of enemy attacks. On 19 October 1609, and 4 January 1610, auxiliary detachments under the command of David Zherebtsov (900 men) and Grigory Valuyev (500 men) managed to make their way into the fortress. Under the threat of the approaching army of Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky, the Polish forces raised the siege on 12 January 1610 and retreated to Dmitrov.[6]
Aftermath
editThis defeat was a major blow for False Dmitry II. After King Sigismund III Vasa arrived at Smolensk in September 1609, the majority of his Polish supporters left him and joined with the armies of the Polish king. At the same time, a strong Russo-Swedish army under Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky and Jacob De la Gardie approached Tushino, forcing him to flee his camp disguised as a peasant and go to Kostroma. He was killed by his own men on 11 December 1610.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Гумилев 2023, p. 375.
- ^ Егоршина 2023, p. 30.
- ^ a b "Aleksander Józef Lisowski h. Jeż". www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 4 November 2021.
- ^ Perrie, Maureen (11 April 2002). Pretenders and Popular Monarchism in Early Modern Russia: The False Tsars of the Time and Troubles. Cambridge University Press. pp. 187–189. ISBN 978-0-521-89101-1.
- ^ Miller, David B. (5 November 2010). Saint Sergius of Radonezh, His Trinity Monastery, and the Formation of the Russian Identity. Cornell University Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-1-5017-5661-0.
- ^ Velikai︠a︡ russkai︠a︡ smuta : prichiny vozniknovenii︠a︡ i vykhod iz gosudarstvennogo krizisa v XVI-XVII vv. Strizhova, I. M., Стрижова, И. М. Moskva: Dar. 2007. ISBN 9785485001230. OCLC 230750976.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Željko., Fajfrić (2008). Ruski carevi (1. izd ed.). Sremska Mitrovica: Tabernakl. ISBN 9788685269172. OCLC 620935678.
Sources
edit- Егоршина, Петрова (2023). История русской армии [The history of the Russian Army] (in Russian). Moscow: Edition of the Russian Imperial Library. ISBN 978-5-699-42397-2.
- Гумилев, Лев (2023). От Руси к России. Moscow: Москва. ISBN 978-5-17-153845-3.