Simeón Ola y Arboleda (September 2, 1865 – February 14, 1952) is a hero of the Philippine Revolution and was the last general of the Philippines to surrender to the American forces after the Philippine–American War.[1][2][3]
Simeón Ola | |
|---|---|
 Last Filipino General to surrender to the American forces | |
| Municipal President of Guinobatan, Albay | |
| In office 1904–1908 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Simeón Ola y Arboleda September 2, 1865 Guinobatan, Albay, Captaincy General of the Philippines |
| Died | February 14, 1952 (aged 86) Guinobatan, Albay, Philippines |
| Organization |  Katipunan Philippine Republic |
Early life
editSimeón Ola was born on September 2, 1865, to Vicente Ola and Apolonia Arboleda. He enrolled in Mater Salutis College Seminary and studied philosophy, but did not graduate.
Revolutionary
editHe joined the local branch of the Katipunan in his hometown province of Albay and later became its leader. With the help of a parish priest he was able to acquire arms to support his men. He was promoted to the rank of captain after the Battle of Camalig in Albay, 1898 and to the rank of major after an ambush mission that led to the capture of three Americans. He was the leader of the subsequent attacks on Oas, Ligao, and Jovellar. He later surrendered on the condition that his men would be granted amnesty. He was put on trial and convicted of sedition. He was sentenced to thirty years in prison. In 1904, he was given a pardon and returned to his place of birth and became the municipal president.
Controversies
editAt least two potential problems surrounded Ola as the last general to surrender to the American forces.[4] First, he had surrendered earlier on July 5, 1901, as an officer (major) of Vito Belarmino.[5] Second, his role as a zone commander is not mentioned in Miguel Malvar's statement on the condition of his command that he provided in December 1901.[6] Nor was any documentation of his commission as general preserved.[7]
Death
editSimeon Ola died on February 14, 1952, and was interred at the Roman Catholic Cemetery of Guinobatan. In 2003 his remains were transferred to the Ola Shrine.[8]
Memorials
editThe regional police command in Legazpi City, formerly known as Camp Ibalon, was renamed Camp Simeon A. Ola on June 24, 1991 in his honor.
"Simeon Ola Day" on September 2 was declared a special non-working holiday under Republic Act 11136.[9]
External links
edit
Media related to Simeón Ola at Wikimedia Commons
References
edit- ^ ":: Welcome to Manila Bulletin Online ::". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on 2007-12-20. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
- ^ Umali, Justin (September 23, 2019). "Simeon Ola Was the Last General to Surrender to the Americans". Esquiremag.ph. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
- ^ "Who was Simeon Ola?". Bicol Standard. Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
- ^ Owen, Norman G. (1999). The Bikol Blend: Bikolanos and Their History. New Day Publishers. ISBN 978-971-10-0551-1.
- ^ Annual Reports of the War Department, p346. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1902.
- ^ Annual Reports of the War Department, p267. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1902.
- ^ May, Glenn Anthony (1991). Battle for Batangas: A Philippine Province at War. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-04850-6.
- ^ "Simeon Ola". Retrieved September 23, 2009
- ^ Calipay, Connie (September 2, 2024). "Albayanos mark 159th birthday of local hero Gen. Simeon Ola". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved September 4, 2024.