Sir Alan Frederick "Tommy" Lascelles, GCB, GCVO, CMG, MC (/ˈlæsəls/ LASS-əlss; 11 April 1887 – 10 August 1981) was a British courtier and civil servant who held several positions in the first half of the twentieth century, culminating in his position as Private Secretary to both George VI and Elizabeth II. In 1950, he wrote the Lascelles Principles in a letter to the editor of The Times, using the pen-name "Senex".
Sir Alan Lascelles | |
|---|---|
 Lascelles in 1943 | |
| Private Secretary to the Sovereign | |
| In office 1943–1953 | |
| Monarchs | |
| Preceded by | Sir Alexander Hardinge |
| Succeeded by | Sir Michael Adeane |
| Assistant Private Secretary to the Sovereign | |
| In office 1935–1943 | |
| Monarchs | |
| Secretary to the Governor General of Canada | |
| In office 1931–1935 | |
| Governor General | The Earl of Bessborough |
| Preceded by | Sir Eric Miéville |
| Succeeded by | Shuldham Redfern |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 11 April 1887 Sutton Waldron, Dorset, England |
| Died | 10 August 1981 (aged 94) Kensington, London, England |
| Spouse |
Joan Frances Vere Thesiger
(m. 1920; died 1971) |
| Children | 3 |
| Relatives | Henry Lascelles, 4th Earl of Harewood (grandfather) Sir Adolphus Liddell (grandfather) |
| Education | Marlborough College |
| Alma mater | Trinity College, Oxford (BA) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Branch/service |  British Army |
| Years of service | 1913–1938 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Unit | Bedfordshire Yeomanry |
| Battles/wars | First World War |
| Awards | Military Cross |
Early life and education
editLascelles was born on 11 April 1887 in the village of Sutton Waldron in Dorset, England, the sixth and youngest child and only surviving son of Commander Frederick Canning Lascelles and Frederica Maria Liddell, and the grandson of Henry Lascelles, 4th Earl of Harewood.[1][2] He was thus a cousin of Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood, who married Mary, Princess Royal, sister of his employers, Edward VIII and George VI. His mother was the daughter of Sir Adolphus Liddell, son of Thomas Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth.[3]
After attending Marlborough College, followed by Trinity College, Oxford, Lascelles served in France with the Bedfordshire Yeomanry during the First World War, where he rose to the rank of captain and was awarded the Military Cross,[4] after which he became aide-de-camp to his brother-in-law Lord Lloyd, the Governor of Bombay from 1919 to 1920.
Career
editLascelles returned to Britain and was appointed Assistant Private Secretary to Edward, Prince of Wales, in 1920, serving in that role until resigning in 1929, citing differences with the prince.[5] From 1931 to 1935, he was Secretary to the Governor General of Canada, Vere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough.
Lascelles became the Assistant Private Secretary to George V in the latter months of 1935.[6] When the Prince of Wales ascended the throne as Edward VIII on the death of George V in January 1936, Lascelles served briefly as the new King's Assistant Private Secretary, although he never saw the King during this phase.[5][7] He soldiered on through Edward's short reign and the protracted crisis of the abdication in 1936. He was "deeply shocked" by the abdication, not dreaming until it was announced that it would happen, and the evening he heard of it "he was so stunned that he went out and walked 3 times round St James Park in the darkness, thinking of James II."[5] Lascelles became Assistant Private Secretary to George VI, some time after the new king's accession.[8] [5]
Lascelles was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO)[9] by George VI during the 1939 royal tour of Canada and the United States, which he had helped to arrange and manage. The title is an honour given as a personal gift by the sovereign and does not require political approval.[10] He had been appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1937, was promoted to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1944 and to Knight Grand Cross on his retirement in 1953.[9] He had been appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order in 1926, before his promotion to Knighthood in that Order in 1939.[9] He was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1933.[9] He was sworn of the Privy Council, entitling him to the prefix "Right Honourable", in 1943.[9]
In 1943, Lascelles was promoted from Assistant Private Secretary to George VI to his Private Secretary, after effecting the forced resignation of Alec Hardinge, and served until the King's death in 1952. In 1952 he became Private Secretary to Elizabeth II, a role he held until the end of 1953, so overseeing the early days of her reign and the Coronation.[5] Lascelles was also Keeper of the Royal Archives from 1943 to 1953.[11]
He retired from his 27 years of royal service on the last day of 1953, at the age of 66.[12] He had been asked by then Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill twice and by the Queen once whether he would like to go to the House of Lords with a hereditary peerage but he declined.[12] He did, however, accept appointment as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath which, he said, "rated much higher than a peerage".[12]
In 1955 Lascelles was very supportive of James Pope-Hennessy's commission to write an official biography of Queen Mary, although initially he wondered why and by whom this unknown young writer had been commissioned. Lascelles was a crucial witness for many key events (e.g. the abdication of Edward VIII). When the book passed the royal censors, Lascelles was livid that Pope-Hennessy phoned him with the news rather than coming round with the good news in person.[13]
Lascelles's papers are now held in the Churchill Archives Centre at Churchill College, Cambridge.[14]
Personal life
editOn 16 March 1920, Lascelles married Joan Frances Vere Thesiger (1895–1971), daughter of Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford, a former Viceroy of India and First Lord of the Admiralty.[9]
They had three children:
- John Frederick Lascelles, born 11 June 1922, died 11 September 1951.
- Lavinia Joan Lascelles, born 27 June 1923, died 3 November 2020; married to Major Edward Westland Renton, divorced 1960, then 1962–64 to the writer Gavin Maxwell, and to David Hankinson in 1969.[15]
- Caroline Mary Lascelles, born 15 February 1928,[16] died 12 June 2024;[17] married 1949 to Antony Lyttelton, 2nd Viscount Chandos; then 1985 to David Erskine, son of Lord Erskine.
Lascelles died on 10 August 1981 at Kensington Palace at the age of 94.
Honours and awards
edit| Country | Date | Appointment | Ribbon | Post-nominal letters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath | 
|
GCB | ||
| Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order | 
|
GCVO | |||
| Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George | 
|
CMG | |||
| 1919 | Military Cross | 
|
MC | ||
| 1914–15 Star | 
|
||||
| British War Medal | 
| ||||
| Victory Medal | 
|
with palm for Mentioned in Dispatches | |||
| 1935 | King George V Silver Jubilee Medal | 
|
|||
| 1937 | King George VI Coronation Medal | 
| |||
| 1953 | Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal | 
| |||
| France | Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour | 
|
In popular culture
editLascelles is portrayed by Paul Brooke in the 2002 film Bertie and Elizabeth and Pip Torrens in the 2016 Netflix series The Crown.
Bibliography
edit- Lascelles, Alan (1986). Hart-Davis, Duff (ed.). End of an Era, 1887–1920. The Letters and Journals of Sir Alan Lascelles. Vol. 1. London: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 978-0-241-11960-0.
- ——— (1989). Hart-Davis, Duff (ed.). In Royal Service, 1920–1936. The Letters and Journals of Sir Alan Lascelles. Vol. 2. London: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 978-0-241-12562-5.
——— (2006). Hart-Davis, Duff (ed.). King's Counsellor: Abdication and War: The Diaries of Tommy Lascelles. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85155-4.
- The Quest for Queen Mary (2018),; James Pope-Hennessy, edited and with text by Hugo Vickers
References
edit- ^ Rose, Kenneth (17 December 2006). "A most devoted subject and a most exacting critic". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 7 June 2012.
- ^ Prochaska 2004.
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 2004.
- ^ "No. 31092". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1918. p. 27.
- ^ a b c d e Pope-Hennessy 2018, pp. 17, 18.
- ^ Lascelles 2006, p. 20.
- ^ About his opinion on this monarch, see The scandalous life of a 'dashing and unreliable' king, BBC REEL, 5 OCTOBER 2023.
- ^ Lascelles 2006, p. 22
- ^ a b c d e f Who's Who: Lascelles, Alan.
- ^ Lascelles 2006, p. 28: "The King, giggling in a most disarming fashion, knighted me in the train tonight, as the train was approaching Buffalo. I think I can fairly claim to be the first man to be dubbed in a train, and also the first Englishman to be so treated by his Sovereign on American soil; so the episode has, at any rate, some historic interest."
- ^ "Her Majesty's Household". The Times. No. 52383. 6 August 1952. p. 6. Retrieved 11 June 2024 – via The Times Digital Archive.
- ^ a b c Lascelles 2006.
- ^ Pope-Hennessy 2018, pp. 14, 17, 23–26.
- ^ "The Papers of Sir Alan Lascelles | ArchiveSearch". archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
- ^ "Lavinia Hankinson, courtier's daughter and opera singer briefly married to Gavin Maxwell – obituary". The Daily Telegraph. 8 January 2021. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021.
- ^ "Peerage News: Hon MRS David Erskine 1928-2024". 19 June 2024.
- ^ "ERSKINE, Hon MRS David (Caroline Mary neee LASCELLES) 1928-2024".
Sources
edit- Pope-Hennessy, James (2018). Vickers, Hugo (ed.). The Quest for Queen Mary.
- Prochaska, Frank (2004). "Lascelles, Sir Alan Frederick (1887-1981), Courtier". In Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, Brian; Goldman, Lawrence (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31334. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8.
Lascelles, Rt. Hon. Sir Alan Frederick, (11 April 1887–10 Aug. 1981), Past Director: The Midland Bank; Royal Academy of Music; Private Secretary to the Queen, 1952–53; Keeper of the Queen's Archives, 1952–53 (of the King's Archives, 1943–52), doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U166201 Who's Who