The Hydroscaphidae are a small family of water beetles known commonly as skiff beetles.[1] As of 2010, there are 23 species in the family.[2] Several are recently described.
| Hydroscaphidae Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
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| Hydroscapha natans | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Myxophaga |
| Superfamily: | Sphaeriusoidea |
| Family: | Hydroscaphidae LeConte, 1874 |
| Genera | |
| |
These beetles are small, most under 2 mm (0.079 in) in length. They are tan to brown in color and the elytra are abbreviated, leaving several tapering tergites of the abdomen exposed. The wings are fringed with long setae. The larvae are fusiform, with a wide thorax and a narrowing abdomen.[2]
Hydroscaphidae live on mats of algae with a thin layer of running water. This may be the accumulated algae lining the very edge of a stream of water.[3] They tolerate a wide range of temperatures; they have been observed in hot springs and in icy snowmelt. The algae are their food source.[2]
The reproductive cycle is not well known. In at least one species, the female lays a single large egg on the algal mat.[2]
Hydroscaphid species have been reported from every continent except Antarctica.
Genera:[4]
- Hydroscapha LeConte, 1874 – United States and Europe.
- Scaphydra Reichardt, 1973 – Brazil.
- Yara Reichardt & Hinton, 1976 – South America and Central America.
- Confossa Short, Joly, García & Maddison, 2015 – South America[5]
References
edit- ^ Cai, C.; et al. (2012). "The first skiff beetle (Coleoptera: Myxophaga: Hydroscaphidae) from Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota". Journal of Paleontology. 86 (1): 116–9. Bibcode:2012JPal...86..116C. doi:10.1666/11-050.1.
- ^ a b c d Falamarzi, S.; et al. (2010). "Confirmed occurrence of Hydroscapha granulum in Iran, with notes on its biology (Coleoptera: Myxophaga: Hydroscaphidae)" (PDF). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 50: 97–106.
- ^ Fikáček, M.; Šípková, H. (2009). "New Asian Hydroscapha, with comments on male-female association of co-occurring species (Coleoptera, Myxophaga, Hydroscaphidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2286: 31–48. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2286.1.2.
- ^ Beutel, R G.; Haas, A. (1998). "Larval head morphology of Hydroscapha natans (Coleoptera, Myxophaga) with reference to miniaturization and the systematic position of Hydroscaphidae.]". Zoomorphology. 118 (2): 103–116. doi:10.1007/s004350050061.
- ^ "Confossa minima Short, Joly, Garcia, Wild, Bloom & Maddison, 2015, new species - Plazi TreatmentBank". treatment.plazi.org. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
Further reading
edit- Hall, W. Eugene (2001). "4. Hydroscaphidae LeContre, 1874". In Arnett, Ross H. Jr.; Thomas, Michael C. (eds.). American Beetles, Volume I: Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. CRC Press. pp. 27–29. ISBN 978-1-4822-7432-5.
External links
edit
- Hydroscaphidae. Tree of Life.