Sláma (feminine: Slámová) is a Czech surname meaning "straw". Notable people include:
- Angelika Slamová (born 1994), Slovak basketball player
- Anthony Slama (born 1984), American baseball player
- Bohdan Sláma (born 1967), Czech film director
- František Sláma (musician) (1923–2004), Czech musician
- František Sláma (politician) (1850–1917), Czech writer and politician
- Igor Sláma (born 1959), Czech cyclist
- Julie Slama (born 1996), American politician
- Miroslav Sláma (1917–2008), Czech ice hockey player
- Zdeněk Sláma (born 1982), Czech futsal player