51°30′36″N 0°35′35″W / 51.51°N 0.593056°W
| Slough | |
|---|---|
| Local government district (1863–1894) Urban district (1894–1938) Municipal borough (1938–1974) | |
 Slough within Buckinghamshire in 1971 | |
| Area | |
| • 1911 | 1,684 acres (6.81 km2) |
| • 1961 | 6,202 acres (25.10 km2) |
| Population | |
| • 1891[1] | 5,426 |
| • 1911 | 14,982 |
| • 1961 | 80,781 |
| • 1971[2] | 85,795 |
| Density | |
| • 1911 | 8.9/acre |
| • 1961 | 13.0/acre |
| History | |
| • Created | 28 June 1863 (Local Government District) 31 December 1894 (Urban District) 14 September 1938 (Municipal Borough) |
| • Abolished | 31 March 1974 |
| • Succeeded by | Slough |
| Government | |
| • Motto | FIDUCIA ET VI (By confidence and strength) |
 Coat of arms | |
Slough was, from 1863 to 1974, a local government district in southern Buckinghamshire, England.[3] It became an urban district in 1894 and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1938. It was abolished in 1974 and now forms part of the borough of Slough in Berkshire.
Formation
editThere was no administrative area of Slough prior to 1863; the urban area of the nascent town was mostly in the parish of Upton cum Chalvey, but also extended into the neighbouring parish of Stoke Poges. Both parishes were included in the Eton Poor Law Union from 1835, which (despite being named after Eton) was administered from Slough, where the union workhouse was built.[4]
A public meeting was held in Slough on 28 April 1863, when it was decided to adopt the Local Government Act 1858, creating a local government district for the town, covering parts of the parishes of Upton cum Chalvey and Stoke Poges, to be governed by a local board. With no objections being raised, the district came into being two months later.[5][6] After elections, the first meeting of the Slough Local Board was held on 26 August 1863 at the Slough Mechanics' Institute, with William Bonsey being elected the first chairman of the board.[7]
Under the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73), local government districts became urban districts with effect from 31 December 1894. The act also stipulated that civil parishes could not straddle district boundaries, and so the old parishes of Upton cum Chalvey and Stoke Poges were both split on 4 December 1894, ahead of the new districts coming into force. The part of Upton cum Chalvey within the local government district became a parish called Slough, whilst the part of Stoke Poges within the district became a parish called Stoke-in-Slough. The parishes of Slough and Stoke-in-Slough were both urban parishes and so were not given their own parish councils, but were directly administered by Slough Urban District Council, which replaced the Slough Local Board. The parish of Stoke-in-Slough was abolished in 1896, with the parish of Slough enlarged to cover the whole urban district.[3] The remaining portions of Upton cum Chalvey and Stoke Poges outside the Slough Urban District became parishes within Eton Rural District.
Slough Urban District Council held its first meeting on 31 December 1894 at the local board's old offices at 1 Mackenzie Street. John Dowding was elected the first chairman of the urban district council; he had been the last chairman of the local board.[8]
Boundary changes
editThe district was subject to a number of boundary changes, which incorporated territory from Eton Rural District:
- In 1900 the urban district gained part of Langley Marish and more of the Upton cum Chalvey civil parishes.
- In 1930, as part of a county review order, it gained 4,461 acres (18.05 km2) of Burnham, Dorney, Farnham Royal, Horton, Langley Marish and Stoke Poges.
- In 1931, as part of another county review order, it gained 57 acres (0.23 km2) of Farnham Royal and Stoke Poges.
Incorporation
editOn 14 September 1938, under the provisions of the Municipal Corporations Act 1882, the urban district was incorporated by royal charter as a municipal borough and the local authority became Slough Borough Council.[9]
Coat of arms
editA coat of arms and motto were granted on 3 September 1938. The coat of arms depicts a swan, the county emblem of Buckinghamshire and brick-axes, indicating local brick-making. The sign for Uranus is taken from the arms of the Herschel family, referring to the discovery of the planet by astronomer William Herschel. The supporters are symbols of trade and industry. The motto Fiducia et vi means 'By confidence and strength'.[10]
Premises
editIn the early years, the Slough Local Board met at various locations across the town. By the 1890s it had a small office and meeting room on the upper floors of 1 Mackenzie Street, above a shop. The solicitor who acted as clerk to the board had his office a few doors along the street at 11 Mackenzie Street.[11] The premises at Mackenzie Street continued to be used by the urban district council for the first few years after it was created in 1894, but were acknowledged to be increasingly inadequate for the council's needs. In 1905 the council bought a large house called "The Cedars" or "Cedar House" at 4 William Street. The grounds were turned into the council's depot.[12] The house itself was subject to a life tenancy for the elderly lady who lived there; she died in 1908, and the council subsequently moved its offices and meeting place into the house in 1909.[13][14][15][16]
In 1937 the council moved to a purpose-built Town Hall at 19 Bath Road, to the west of the town centre and opposite Salt Hill Park.[17]
Politics
edit
Political control of the local board, urban district council, and borough council was as follows:[18]
| Party in control | Years | |
|---|---|---|
| Independent | 1863-1946 | |
| No overall control | 1946–1952 | |
| Labour | 1952–1955 | |
| No overall control | 1955–1956 | |
| Labour | 1956–1967 | |
| Conservative | 1967–1972 | |
| Labour | 1972–1974 | |
Abolition
editThe borough was reconstituted in 1974, when all municipal boroughs were abolished under the Local Government Act 1972. A new non-metropolitan district with borough status was created covering the former Slough Municipal Borough and part of Eton Rural District. The new district retained the name Slough, so the name of the local authority continued to be Slough Borough Council. At the same time, the enlarged borough of Slough was transferred from Buckinghamshire to Berkshire. These changes took effect on 1 April 1974.[3]
References
edit- ^ "Slough Urban Sanitary District". A Vision of Britain through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
- ^ "Slough Urban District / Municipal Borough". A Vision of Britain through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
- ^ a b c Youngs, Frederic (1979). Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England. Vol. I: Southern England. London: Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-901050-67-9.
- ^ Higginbotham, Peter. "Eton Workhouse". The Workhouse. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
- ^ "Local Government Act 1858: Notice of adoption of Act by Slough, in the County of Bucks". London Gazette (22753): 3517. 14 July 1863. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ Glen, William Cunningham (1858). Local Government Act 1858. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ "Slough: Local Government Act". Windsor and Eton Express. 29 August 1863. p. 3. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ "[Headline cut off top of page]". Windsor and Eton Express. 5 January 1895. p. 2. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ "Slough becomes a borough". Bucks Herald. Aylesbury. 16 September 1938. p. 16. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ "Buckinghamshire (obsolete)". Civic Heraldry of England and Wales.
- ^ "The Urban District Council of Slough". South Bucks Standard. High Wycombe. 25 September 1896. p. 5. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ "Proposed public offices and depot at Slough". Windsor and Eton Express. 18 February 1905. p. 2. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ "Slough: Death of an octogenarian". South Bucks Standard. High Wycombe. 31 July 1908. p. 8. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
We deeply regret to have to record the death of Mrs. Buee, of "The Cedars," Slough, which took place on Saturday, at the age of 86 years. The Urban Council bought "The Cedars" some time ago for public offices, subject to her life, and now she is dead they become the absolute owners of the property.
- ^ "Slough Urban District Council". Windsor and Eton Express. 10 April 1909. p. 4. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
...at the office of the Council, No. 1, Mackenzie-street, Slough...
- ^ "The Urban District Council of Slough". Windsor and Eton Express. 9 October 1909. p. 4. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
...at the office of the council, William-street, Slough...
- ^ "Cedar House, William Street, Slough, about 1935". Slough History Online. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ "Slough Town Hall: Official opening ceremony by Mrs A. G. Trevener". Middlesex Advertiser and County Gazette. Uxbridge. 2 April 1937. p. 4. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ Local newspapers (1863-date) and Slough Borough Council documents at the Robert Taylor Library in Slough.