Panemeria tenebrata, the small yellow underwing, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in his 1763 Entomologia Carniolica. It is found in Europe but is missing in northern Scandinavia, in Portugal, in central and southern Spain, as well as on most Mediterranean islands, except Sicily. In the east, the range extends to the Ural Mountains, but the east distribution limits are still insufficiently known. Occurrence in Asia Minor is uncertain, but it is known from Jordan and Israel.
| Small yellow underwing | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | Panemeria |
| Species: | P. tenebrata
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| Binomial name | |
| Panemeria tenebrata | |
Technical description and variation
editThe wingspan is 19–22 mm. Forewing dark fuscous, varied with red brown and with a sprinkling of pale grey scales; inner and outer lines indistinctly darker; a dentate, cloudy dark fuscous median shade; a darker shade precedes and defines the subterminal hue; hindwing blackish, with a deep yellow outer fascia not reaching inner margin; in the ab. obscura Spul. the black borders of the hindwing are wider and the white band smaller.[1]
Biology
editThe moth flies from April to July depending on the location. It prefers sunny weather.
Larva light green; dorsal line deep green; subdorsal lines whitish, edged with darker; spiracular line more yellowish, edged with dark green above: head pale green. The larvae feed on the flowers and seeds of Cerastium and Stellaria.[2]
References
edit- ^ Seitz, A. ed. (1914). Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde. Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914
- ^ Robinson, Gaden S.; Ackery, Phillip R.; Kitching, Ian J.; Beccaloni, George W. & Hernández, Luis M. (2010). "Search the database - introduction and help". HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London.
External links
edit
- Kimber, Ian. "73.048 BF2397 Small Yellow Underwing Panemeria tenebrata (Scopoli, 1763)". UKMoths. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
- Savela, Markku (July 29, 2019). "Panemeria tenebrata (Scopoli, 1763)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved October 23, 2019. Taxonomy.
- Fauna Europaea
- Lepiforum e. V. (in German)
- De Vlinderstichting. (in Dutch)
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