There are around 170 species of reptiles living in Pakistan.
Order Crocodilia
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There are only two species found in Pakistan.
- Family Crocodylidae (crocodiles) - 1 species
- Crocodylus palustris (mugger crocodile, Indian crocodile, Indus crocodile or marsh crocodile) - national reptile
- Family Gavialidae (gharials) - 1 species
- Gavialis gangeticus (Indian gavial or gharial)
Around 153 species of Squamata are found in Pakistan.
Suborder Lacertilia
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There are 86 species of Lacertilia (lizards and relatives) in Pakistan.
- Family Agamidae (agamas) - 22 species
- Brachysaura minor (Hardwicke's bloodsucker)
- Calotes versicolor (Oriental garden lizard, eastern garden lizard or changeable lizard)
- Japalura kumaonensis (Kumaon mountain lizard)
- Paralaudakia badakhshana (Badakhshana rock agama)
- Paralaudakia caucasia (Caucasian agama)
- Paralaudakia himalayana (Himalayan agama)
- Laudakia agrorensis (Agror agama)
- Laudakia melanura (black agama)
- Laudakia fusca (yellow-headed rock agama)
- Laudakia nupta (large-scaled rock agama) - 2 subspecies
- Laudakia n. fusca
- Laudakia n. nupta
- Laudakia tuberculata (Kashmir rock agama)
- Phrynocephalus clarkorum (Clark's toad-headed agama)
- Phrynocephalus euptilopus (Alcock's toad-headed agama)
- Phrynocephalus luteoguttatus (yellow-speckled toad-headed agama)
- Phrynocephalus maculatus (blacktail toadhead agama)
- Phrynocephalus ornatus (ornate toadhead agama)
- Phrynocephalus scutellatus (gray toadhead agama)
- Trapelus agilis pakistanensis (brilliant ground agama)
- Trapelus rubrigularis (red-throated agama)
- Trapelus ruderatus (horn-scaled agama or Baluch ground agama)
- Uromastyx asmussi (Iranian mastigure)
- Uromastyx hardwickii (Hardwick's spiny-tailed lizard or Indian spiny-tailed lizard)
- Family Chamaeleonidae (chameleons) - 1 species
- Chamaeleo zeylanicus (Indian chameleon or Ceylon chameleon)
- Family Gekkonidae (eyelid and lidless geckoes) - 33 species
- Agamura femoralis or Rhinogecko femoralis (De Witte's gecko or sharp-tailed spider gecko)
- Agamura persica persica (Persian spider gecko)
- Bunopus tuberculatus (Baluch rock gecko)
- Crossobamon eversmanni (Baluchistan sand gecko or comb-toed gecko) - 2 subspecies
- Crossobamon e. eversmanni or Crossobamon maynardi
- Crossobamon e. lumsdenii
- Crossobamon orientalis (Sind gecko)
- Cyrtodactylus walli (Chitral gecko or Swat stone gecko)
- Cyrtopodium agamuroides (Nikolsky spider gecko)
- Cyrtopodium baturensis (Batura thin-toed gecko or Batura gecko)
- Cyrtopodium dattanensis (Khan's bow-fingered gecko or Hazara gecko)
- Cyrtopodium fortmunroi (Fort Munro gecko)
- Cyrtopodium indusoani (Soan Sakaser gecko)
- Cyrtopodium kachhensis (Kutch gecko) - 2 subspecies
- Cyrtopodium k. ingoldbyi (Ingoldby's stone gecko)
- Cyrtopodium k. kachhensis (warty rock gecko)
- Cyrtopodium mintoni (Minton's gecko)
- Cyrtopodium montiumsalsorum (Salt Range rock gecko)
- Cyrtopodium rhodocaudus (red-tailed gecko)
- Cyrtopodium rohtasfortai (Rohtas Fort gecko)
- Cyrtopodium scaber (keeled rock gecko)
- Cyrtopodium watsoni (Quetta rock gecko)
- Eublepharis macularius (leopard gecko)
- Hemidactylus brookii brookii (Brook's house gecko or spotted Indian house gecko)
- Hemidactylus flaviviridis (yellow-bellied house gecko)
- Hemidactylus frenatus (Pacific house gecko or South Asian waif gecko)
- Hemidactylus imbricatus (carrot-tail viper gecko)
- Hemidactylus leschenaultii (Leschenault's leaf-toed gecko or bark gecko)
- Hemidactylus persicus (Persian leaf-toed gecko)
- Hemidactylus triedrus triedus (termite hill gecko or blotched house gecko)
- Hemidactylus turcicus turcicus (Mediterranean house gecko)
- Microgecko depressus (low lying gecko)
- Microgecko helenae (banded dwarf gecko)
- Ptyodactylus homolepis (Pakistan fan-fingered gecko) - 2 subspecies
- Ptyodactylus h. homolepis
- Ptyodactylus h. socotranus
- Teratoscincus microlepis (small-scaled wonder gecko or Baluch plate-tailed gecko)
- Teratoscincus scincus (Turkestan plate-tailed gecko or common wonder gecko or frog-eyed gecko)
- Tropiocolotes persica (Persian sand gecko or Persian pygmy gecko)
- Family Lacertidae (sand lizards, wall lizards and true lizards) - 12 species
- Acanthodactylus cantoris (Indian fringe-fingered lizard) - 2 subspecies
- Acanthodactylus c. blanfordii (Mekran fringe-fingered lizard)
- Acanthodactylus c. cantoris (Indian fringe-fingered lizard)
- Acanthodactylus micropholis (yellow-tailed sand lizard)
- Eremias acutirostris (reticulate desert lacerta)
- Eremias fasciata (yellow-headed desert lacerta)
- Eremias scripta (Caspian desert lacerta)
- Eremias velox persica (Persian Steppe lacerta)
- Mesalina brevirostris (short-nosed desert lacerta)
- Mesalina guttulata (small-spotted lizard or long-tailed desert lacerta)
- Ophisops elegans (elegant snake-eyed lizard) - 2 subspecies
- Ophisops e. blanfordi (Blanfords snake-eyed lizard)
- Ophisops e. elegans (elegant snake-eyed lizard)
- Ophisops jerdonii (Jerdon's snake-eyed lizard or Punjab snake-eyed lizard)
- Ophisops microlepis (Indian snake-eyed lizard)
- Scapteira aporosceles (Chagai desert lacerta)
- Acanthodactylus cantoris (Indian fringe-fingered lizard) - 2 subspecies
- Family Scincidae (skinks) - 15 species
- Ablepharus grayanus (minor snake-eyed skink)
- Ablepharus pannonicus (Asian snake-eyed skink)
- Chalcides ocellatus (ocellated skink)
- Eumeces schneiderii zarudnyi (Schneider's skink, Berber skink or Zarudny's skink)
- Eurylepis indothalensis (Thal skink)
- Eurylepis taeniolata (alpine Punjab skink or yellow-bellied mole skink)
- Eutropis dissimilis (striped grass mabuya or striped grass skink)
- Eutropis macularia (bronze mabuya, bronze grass skink)
- Ophiomorus blanfordii (Makran sand swimmer)
- Ophiomorus brevipes (short-toed sand swimmer)
- Ophiomorus raithmai (Indus sand swimmer)
- Ophiomorus tridactylus (three-toed snake skink or Indian sandswimmer)
- Scincella ladacensis - 2 subspecies
- Scincella l. ladacensis (Ladak ground skink)
- Scincella l. himalayana (Himalayan ground skink)
- Family Varanidae (monitor lizards) - 3 species
- Varanus bengalensis (Bengal monitor)
- Varanus flavescens (yellow monitor)
- Varanus griseus - 2 subspecies
- Varanus g. caspius (eastern desert monitor)
- Varanus g. koniecznyi (Thar desert monitor)
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There are 71 species and 15 subspecies of Serpentes (snakes) found in Pakistan.
- Family Boidae (boas) - 3 species
- Eryx johnii (Indian sand boa or red sand boa)
- Eryx tataricus speciosus (Tartar sand boa)
- Eryx conicus (rough-scaled sand boa)
- Family Colubridae (colubrids) - 35 species
- Herpetoreas platyceps
- Herpetoreas sieboldii
- Dendrelaphis tristis
- Coelognathus helena
- Amphiesma stolata stolata
- Boiga trigonata – 1 subspecies
- Boiga t. melanocephala
- Platyceps plinii
- Platyceps karelini – 1 subspecies
- Platyceps k. mintonorum
- Hemorrhois ravergieri spotted whip snake
- Platyceps rhodorachis – 2 subspecies
- Coluber r. kashmirensis
- Coluber r. ladacensis
- Platyceps ventromaculatus – 2 subspecies
- Coluber v. bengalensis
- Coluber v. indusai
- Enhydris pakistanica
- Fowlea piscator
- Fowlea sanctijohannis
- Fowlea schnurrenbergeri
- Lycodon aulicus
- Lycodon bicolor
- Lycodon striatus
- Lycodon travancoricus
- Lytorhynchus maynardi
- Lytorhynchus paradoxus
- Lytorhynchus ridgewayi
- Natrix tessellata
- Oligodon russelius
- Oligodon taeniolatus
- Psammophis condanarus
- Psammophis leithii
- Psammophis lineolatus
- Psammophis schokari
- Eirenis persicus
- Ptyas mucosus
- Sibynophis sagittarius
- Spalerosophis atriceps
- Spalerosophis arenarius
- Spalerosophis diadema – 1 subspecies
- Spalerosophis d. schirazianus
- Telescopus rhinopoma
- Xenochrophis cerasogaster
- Family Elapidae (kraits and cobras) - 4 species
- Bungarus caeruleus (common krait)
- Bungarus sindanus (Sind krait) – 1 subspecies
- Bungarus s. razai (northern Punjab krait)
- Naja naja (Indian cobra or spectacled cobra)
- Naja oxiana (Central Asian cobra or Oxus cobra)
- Family Hydrophiidae (sea snakes) - 14 species
- Astrotia stokesii (Stokes' sea snake)
- Enhydrina schistosa (beaked sea snake, hook-nosed sea snake, common sea snake or Valakadyn sea snake)
- Hydrophis caerulescens (dwarf seasnake or many-toothed sea snake)
- Hydrophis cyanocinctus (annulated sea snake or blue-banded sea snake)
- Hydrophis fasciatus (striped sea snake)
- Hydrophis lapemoides (Persian Gulf sea snake)
- Hydrophis mamillaris (Bombay sea snake)
- Hydrophis ornatus (ornate reef seasnake)
- Hydrophis spiralis (Yellow Sea snake)
- Lapemis curtus (Shaw's sea snake)
- Microcephalophis cantoris (Cantor's small-headed sea snake)
- Microcephalophis gracilis (graceful small-headed sea snake or slender sea snake)
- Pelamis platurus (yellow-bellied sea snake or pelagic sea snake)
- Praescutata viperina (viperine sea snake)
- Family Leptotyphlopidae (thread snakes) - 2 species
- Leptotyphlops blanfordii (Blanford's worm snake or Sind thread snake)
- Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus (long-nosed worm snake or beaked thread snake)
- Family Pythonidae (pythons) - 1 species
- Python molurus molurus (Indian python, black-tailed python or Sind python)
- Family Typhlopidae (blind snakes) - 4 species
- Ramphotyphlops braminus (brahminy blind snake)
- Typhlops ahsanai (Ahsan's blind snake)
- Typhlops porrectus or Typhlops ductuliformes (slender worm snake)
- Typhlops madgemintonai – 1 subspecies
- Typhlops m. shermanai (Sherman's blind snake)
- Family Viperidae (vipers and pit vipers) - 7 species
- Daboia russelii russelii (daboia or Russell's viper)
- Echis carinatus (Indian saw-scaled viper) - 3 subspecies
- Echis c. astolae (Astola saw-scaled viper)
- Echis c. multisquamatus (multiscale saw-scaled viper)
- Echis c. sochureki (Sochurek's saw-scaled viper)
- Eristicophis macmahonii (McMahon's viper, Asian sand viper, leaf-nosed viper)
- Gloydius himalayanus (Himalayan pit viper)
- Macrovipera lebetinus (blunt-nosed viper, Lebetine viper, Levant viper) - 3 subspecies
- Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (west-Asian blunt-nosed viper, Levant blunt-nosed viper)
- Macrovipera lebetina cernovi (Chernov blunt-nosed viper)
- Macrovipera lebetina turanica (Turan blunt-nosed viper)
- Pseudocerastes persicus persicus (Persian horned viper, false horned viper)
Order Testudines
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There are 15 species of testudines that represent Pakistan.
- Family Cheloniidae (sea turtles) - 4 species
- Chelonia mydas (green sea turtle)
- Caretta caretta (loggerhead sea turtle)
- Eretmochelys imbricata bissa (hawksbill turtle)
- Lepidochelys olivacea (olive ridley turtle)
- Family Dermochelyidae (softshell sea turtles) - 1 species
- Dermochelys coriacea (leatherback sea turtle or leatherback)
- Family Geoemydidae (Asian river turtles, Asian leaf turtles, Asian box turtles and roofed turtles) - 4 species
- Geoclemys hamiltonii (black pond turtle, spotted pond turtle or Indian spotted turtle)
- Hardella thurjii (brahminy river turtle or crowned river turtle)
- Kachuga smithii smithii (brown-roofed turtle)
- Kachuga tecta (Indian roofed turtle)
- Melanochelys trijuga (Indian black turtle)
- Family Testudinidae (true tortoises) - 2 species
- Geochelone elegans (Indian star tortoise)
- Testudo horsfieldi horsfieldii (Afghan tortoise, Horsfield's tortoise or Central Asian tortoise)
- Family Trionychidae (softshell turtles) - 4 species
- Aspideretes gangeticus indica (Ganges soft-shelled turtle)
- Aspideretes hurum (peacock soft-shelled turtle)
- Chitra indica (narrow-headed soft-shelled turtle)
- Lissemys punctata andersoni (Indian flap-shelled turtle)
References
edit- ^ Mehmood, Asif (5 June 2023). "'Gharial' crocodiles discovered in Sutlej". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
- Khan, M. Z., Amtyaz Safi., Fatima. F., Hashmi, M. U. A., Hussain, B. Siddiqui, S., Khan, S. I. & Ghalib, S. A. (2015). "An evaluation of distribution, status and abundance of freshwater turtles in the selected areas of Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan". Canadian Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences. 9 (1): 3201-3219.
- Safi A, Khan M. Z. (2014). "Distribution and current population status of freshwater turtles of District Charsadda of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan". The Journal of Zoology Studies. 1 (4): 31-38.
- Hashmi, M. U. A, Khan, M. Z, Safi, A., Huda, N. (2013). "Current Status, Distribution and threats of Varanus Spp. (Varanus bengalensis & Veranus griseus) in Karachi & Thatta of Sindh". International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies. 1 (1): 34–38.
External links
edit- Wildlife of Pakistan - Biodiversity
- Wildlife of Pakistan - List of Reptiles
- Snakes of Pakistan with names and descriptions (in Urdu)