Lethrinus borbonicus, the snubnose emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperor breams and emperors. This species is found in the Western Indian Ocean and is of some importance to commercial fisheries in that region.
| Lethrinus borbonicus | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Lethrinidae |
| Genus: | Lethrinus |
| Species: | L. borbonicus
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| Binomial name | |
| Lethrinus borbonicus Valenciennes, 1830
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Taxonomy
editLethrinus borbonicus was first formally described in 1830 by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes with its type locality given as Réunion in the Mascarene Islands.[3] Some authors place the genus Lethrinus in the monotypic subfamily Lethrininae, with all the other genera of Lethrinidae placed in the Monotaxinae, however, the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise the subfamilies traditionally accepted within the family Lethrinidae as valid. The family Lethrinidae is classified by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World as belonging to the order Spariformes.[4]
Etymology
editLethrinus borbonicus has the specific name borbonicus, meaning "of Borbon" or "of Bourbon", an older name for Réunion being Bourbon.[5]
Description
editLethrinus borbonicus has its dorsal fin supported by 10 spines, the 4th or 5th spine being the longest, and 9 soft rays while the anal fin is supported by 3 spines and 8 soft rays.[6] It has a moderately deep body with a depth fitting into its standard length 2.5 to 2.8 times. The space between the large eyes is normally convex and it has a moderately short, blunt snout with a straight profile. The teeth in the sides of the jaws are molar-like and the outer surface of the maxilla has a ridge. The axillaof the pectoral fin is fully scaled.[7] The overall colour is dark grey or yellowish with a whitish ventral surface with indistinct, broken dark bars.[8] The paired fins are white or pinkish, the dorsal and anal fins are blotched white or yellowish with a reddish margin and the caudal fin has poorly defined reddish bands.[6] This species has a maximum published total length of 40 cm (16 in), although 25 cm (9.8 in) is more typical.[2]
Distribution and habitat
editLethribus borbonicus is found in the Western Indian Ocean. It is distributed along the coast of eastern Africa from the gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba south through the Red Sea and south to Sodwana Bay in South Africa. It is found around Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, the Seychelles, the Mascarenes and around the Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf as far east as Pakistan.[1] This species is found at depths between 1 and 40 m (3 ft 3 in and 131 ft 3 in) in areas of sandy substrates, in the vicinity of reefs, during the day when they may also gather in small groups. At night they are solitary and hunt over reef flats and slopes
Biology
editLethrinus borbonicus feeds on echinoderms, molluscs and crustaceans.[2] In the southern Persian Gul this species spawns between March and June and the species has been found to have a fast growth and a short lifespan.[1]
Fisheries
editLethrinus borbonicus is of minor importance to commercial fisheries over all its range, however, it is a commercially important target species in the Persian Gulf. It is caught using fish traps, as bycatch in trawl fisheries and with hand lines.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Al Abdali, F.S.H.; Al Buwaiqi, B.; Al Kindi, A.S.M.; et al. (2019). "Lethrinus borbonicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T16719904A16722380. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T16719904A16722380.en. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Lethrinus borbonicus". FishBase. October 2023 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Lethrinus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Lethrinus borbonicus (Valenciennes, 1830)". Seychelles Seatizens. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ^ Kent E. Carpenter; Gerald R. Allen (1989). Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (Family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date (PDF). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. FAO, Rome. pp. 27–28.
- ^ Kent E. Carpenter (2022). "Family Lethrinidae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 316–327. ISBN 978-1-990951-32-9.