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Georgian Socialist-Federalist Revolutionary Party

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The Georgian Socialist-Federalist Revolutionary Party (Georgian: საქართველოს სოციალისტ-ფედერალისტთა სარევოლუციო პარტია, romanized: sakartvelos sotsialist'-pederalist'ta sarevolutsio p'art'ia) was a Georgian nationalist party, founded in April 1904. The party's program demanded the national autonomy of Georgia, within the framework of a Russian federal state, and advocated for a democratic socialist system.[1] Mainly based in the rural areas, the party's membership was almost entirely drawn from the peasantry and the petty gentry.[2] The political profile of the party had an appeal amongst moderately nationalist intellectuals, schoolteachers and students.[3] The party strived that agricultural issues not be decided by central authorities, but by autonomous national institutions.[2] The party published the periodical Sakartvelo (the Georgian term for "Georgia").[4]

Georgian Socialist-Federalist Revolutionary Party
საქართველოს სოციალისტ-ფედერალისტთა სარევოლუციო პარტია
LeaderIosif Baratashvili
FoundedApril 1904 (1904-04)
DissolvedSeptember 1924 (1924-09)
NewspaperSakartvelo
IdeologyFederalism
Georgian nationalism
Democratic socialism
Political positionLeft-wing
Constituent Assembly of Georgia
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According to Boris Souvarine, the party accepted arms from Japan to fight against the Russian state during the Russo-Japanese war. The party was one of very few oppositional groups in the Russian empire to accept such aid.[5] The party conducted a series of robberies in the Caucasus. In April 1906 the party managed to rob the Dusheti treasury, taking a bounty of 315,000 rubles.[6] The bulk of the stolen money stayed with Kereselizde, the organizer of the robbery, who took it with him as he went into exile.[6] In November 1904, the party took part in a conference of oppositional groups in Paris, where the 'Paris agreement' of struggle against autocracy was adopted. The party was represented at the conference by Dekanozov and Gabuniya. Other participating organizations were the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, the Polish Socialist Party, the Polish National League, the Finnish Party of Active Resistance, the Latvian Social Democratic Workers Party, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, the Union of Liberation. The conference adopted a declaration called for the establishment of a democratic regime in Russia (although not specifying if it was to be monarchic or republican), but could not agree on the formation of a joint central bureau for the oppositional forces.[7][8] In April 1905, the Socialist-Federalists, the Socialist Union of White Russia and several of the groups that had participated in the Paris conference (Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Finnish Party of Active Resistance, Latvian Social Democratic Workers Union) met in Geneva and formed the General Fighting Committee, striving to establish constituent assemblies for Russia, Poland and Finland.[9][10]

In the first Duma election, the Socialist-Federalist Iosif Baratov won a seat from Tiflis.[11] The party had formed an electoral bloc ahead of the polls, together with the Georgian Democratic Party and the Radical Party.[12] Later, the party was able to capture the majority seats from Georgia in the Second Duma.[13]

In 1907, the party adopted the policy of extraterritorial national-cultural autonomy, that an individual would enjoy cultural and national autonomy no matter where in the Empire they would reside.[14]

After the 1917 October Revolution, the party formed an anti-Soviet bloc along with the Georgian Mensheviks, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation ("Dashnaks") and the Azeri Musavat Party. The bloc received support from Central Powers, and later, by the Entente.[15] In the 1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, the list of the party obtained 22,754 votes (0.93% of the votes in the Transcaucasus electoral district).[16][17]

The party later formed the Committee for Independence of Georgia with the National Democrats and Mensheviks, and attempted to launch an armed uprising against Soviet power in October 1923.[18]

References

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  1. ^ Bakhtadze, Mikhail; Vachnadze, Merab; Guruliwork, Vakhtang (2014). История Грузии (с древнейших времен до наших дней) (in Russian). Tbilisi: Izdatelʹstvo Intelekti. p. 91. ISBN 9789941446849. OCLC 891380302. Archived from the original on 17 April 2013.
  2. ^ a b Luxemburg, Rosa. The National Question (1909)
  3. ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor. The making of the Georgian nation. Studies of nationalities in the USSR. Bloomington [u.a.]: Indiana Univ. Pr, 1988. p. 165
  4. ^ National Parliamentary Library of Georgia: Zurab Avalishvili – a famous Georgian scientist, historian, – was reburied in Georgia
  5. ^ Souvarine, Boris (1939). Stalin : a critical survey of Bolshevism (1st ed.). New York: Alliance Book Corporation/Longmans, Green & Co. pp. 69–70. Retrieved 14 May 2020., also for transcribed edition: Marxists
  6. ^ a b Geifman, Anna. Thou Shalt Kill: Revolutionary Terrorism in Russia, 1894–1917. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993. pp. 159-160
  7. ^ Lenin, V.I. The New Senate Interpretation (1906)
  8. ^ Galaĭ, Shmuėl. The Liberation Movement in Russia, 1900-1905. Soviet and East European studies. Cambridge [Eng.]: University Press, 1973. pp. 216-217
  9. ^ "MANY PARTIES COMBINE TO STRIKE AT THE CZAR; Revolutionary Organizations Form a Fighting Committee. GENEVA ITS HEADQUARTERS Gopon a Leading Spirit -- Constituent Assemblies for Russia, Poland, and Finland Demanded". The New York Times. 7 May 1905.
  10. ^ Pavlov, Dmitrii B. (1993). "Japanese Money and the Russian Revolution, 1904-1905" (PDF). Acta Slavica Iaponica. 11. Hokkaido University: 79–87. ISSN 0288-3503. OCLC 231043672.
  11. ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor. The making of the Georgian nation. Studies of nationalities in the USSR. Bloomington [u.a.]: Indiana Univ. Pr, 1988. p. 173
  12. ^ Jones, Stephen F. Socialism in Georgian Colors: The European Road to Social Democracy, 1883-1917. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2005. p. 200
  13. ^ Jones, Stephen F. Socialism in Georgian Colors: The European Road to Social Democracy, 1883-1917. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2005. p. 211
  14. ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor. The making of the Georgian nation. Studies of nationalities in the USSR. Bloomington [u.a.]: Indiana Univ. Pr, 1988. p. 176
  15. ^ Lenin, V.I. A Contribution to the History of the National Programme in Austria and in Russia (1914)
  16. ^ Ronald Grigor Suny (12 March 2019). The Baku Commune, 1917-1918: Class and Nationality in the Russian Revolution. Princeton University Press. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-691-65703-5.
  17. ^ Tadeusz Swietochowski (7 June 2004). Russian Azerbaijan, 1905-1920: The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community. Cambridge University Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-521-52245-8.
  18. ^ Struggle of the Georgian people against communist regime Archived 2011-10-02 at the Wayback Machine
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