Tri-Ess (Society for the Second Self) is an international educational, social, and support group for heterosexual cross-dressers, their partners, and their families.[1][2][3]
| Nickname | Tri-Ess, Tri-Sigma |
|---|---|
| Predecessor | Foundation for Personality Expression, Mamselle |
| Formation | 1976 |
| Founder | Virginia Prince, Carol Beecroft |
| Location | |
| Website | www |
History
editTri-Ess was founded in 1976 by the merging of two existing groups for crossdressers, Mamselle, a group formed by Carol Beecroft, and another group called Full Personality Expression (FPE), which was formed by Virginia Prince.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] In 1976, Prince described Tri-Ess as "an organisation limited to heterosexual cross dressers and to those who are not involved in such behaviour patterns as bondage, punishment, fetishism for rubber, leather or other, or domination and humiliation." Applications to join required the applicant to have purchased three copies of the Transvestia or Prince's book Understanding Cross Dressing; an interview was not required.[11]
Tri-Ess groups were the first nationally organized spaces for cross-dressing men to gather and socialize. The groups allowed cross-dressers to meet others, learn cross-dressing tips, and lessened the shame and stigma surrounding cross-dressing.[12] Tri-Ess has historically excluded members who were drag-performers or known or suspected to be gay, bisexual, or transsexual.[12][13] This was reflective of Prince's beliefs that the "true tranvestite" is "exclusively heterosexual", "frequently ... married and often fathers", and "values his male organs, enjoys using them and does not desire them removed". Prince was also known for expressing homophobic sentiments and was a leading opponent of gender-affirming surgery.[14]
Tri-Ess representatives served on the board of directors for the International Foundation for Gender Education (IFGE) and helped found the Southern Comfort Conference, an annual gathering of transgender people, in 1991. Representatives also were on the board of the Gender Public Advocacy Coalition (GenderPAC), one of the first national trans civil rights organizations in the U.S.[15]
Beecroft served as the first President of Tri-Ess and worked to make the organization more inclusive, forming alliances with trans women and gay/bisexual men. She began Tri-Ess's journal, The Femme Mirror, which she edited for over a decade, initiated a confidential mail service, and organized a project to donate books on cross-dressing to local libraries. She also started the annual "Holiday En Femme" event, where members could meet in November and go out cross-dressed, sometimes the only opportunity for members to be feminine in public.[15]
In 1988, Jane Ellen Fairfax was elected chair of the board of directors. Fairfax focused greater attention on the needs of the partners of members, granting them full membership status when they had previously been considered "guests". She started The Sweetheart Connection, a quarterly newsletter by and for wives, and the "Spouses’ and Partners’ International Conference for Education". During her tenure, her wife Mary became editor of The Femme Mirror and expanded its content.[15]
At its height in the early 2000s, Tri-Ess had 25 chapters nationwide that sponsored social events and sessions on legal issues, self-defense, coming out, and feminine dressing. By 2020, only 6 chapters remained.[15]
Membership, publications, and programs
edit- The Femme Mirror
- A quarterly magazine covering a wide range of topics in crossdressing, including coming out stories, community news, etc.
- Sweetheart Connection
- A quarterly newsletter produced by wives, for wives of other crossdressers.[15][16]
- Big Sister Program
- New members joining Tri-Ess have the option of being assigned a correspondence Big Sister, serves a supportive role during their first year of membership.[citation needed]
- Pen Pal Program
- For members who live far away from any chapters, Tri-Ess has a Pen Pal program.[citation needed]
- Sisters Across the Sea Program
- This program encourages international correspondence between Tri-Ess chapters in the United States and similar organizations abroad.[citation needed]
- Holiday en femme
- A holiday for crossdressers, hosted each November.[15]
- Spouses' and Partners' International Conference on Education (SPICE)
- Non-crossdressed event for wives and couples.[15]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Dear Abby (23 October 2013). "His cross-dressing isn't a secret anymore". Inquirer.com.
- ^ Brant, Joseph (29 July 2015). "TRANSPARENT recap: "Best New Girl"".
- ^ "Cross-Dressers: Coming Out to Their Wives". Archived from the original on 3 November 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
- ^ "IFGE's 1st Annual "Coming Together-Working Together" Convention: Book of Program Transcripts - Digital Transgender Archive". Digitaltransgenderarchive.net.
- ^ "The TV-TS tapestry". International Foundation for Gender Education. 29 July 1991 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "TV GUISE Vol. I, Issue 8 (November, 1991) - Digital Transgender Archive". Digitaltransgenderarchive.net.
- ^ "The TV-TS tapestry". International Foundation for Gender Education. 29 July 1993 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "The 7th annual Coming Together - Working Together Convention Program Book - Digital Transgender Archive". Digitaltransgenderarchive.net.
- ^ "The TV-TS tapestry". Archive.org. International Foundation for Gender Education. 29 July 1994.
- ^ "AEGIS News, No. 7 (April, 1996) - Digital Transgender Archive". Digitaltransgenderarchive.net.
- ^ Ekins, Richard; King, Dave (19 December 2005). "Virginia Prince: Transgender Pioneer". International Journal of Transgenderism. 8 (4): 5–15. doi:10.1300/J485v08n04_02. ISSN 1553-2739. S2CID 145527999.
- ^ a b Lev, Arlene Istar (2007). "Transgender Communities: Developing Identity Through Connection.". In Bieschke, Kathleen J.; Perez, Ruperto M.; DeBord, Kurt A. (eds.). Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender clients (2nd ed.). Washington: American Psychological Association. pp. 147–175. doi:10.1037/11482-006. ISBN 978-1-59147-421-0.
- ^ Denny, Dallas (October 1999). "Transgender in the United States: A brief discussion". Sex Information and Education Council of the U.S Report. 28 (1): 8–13. ProQuest 229677498.
- ^ Erickson-Schroth, Laura (2014). Trans bodies, trans selves : a resource for the transgender community (1 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 512–513. ISBN 978-0-19-932536-8. OCLC 879672910.
- ^ a b c d e f g Goldberg, Abbie E.; Beemyn, Genny (2021). The SAGE encyclopedia of trans studies. Los Angeles, California: SAGE Publications. pp. 163–164, 885–886. ISBN 978-1-5443-9385-8. OCLC 1242108634.
- ^ "The Sweetheart Connection Flyer (Spring 1994) - Digital Transgender Archive". www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
Further reading
edit- Erhardt, Virginia (2007). Head over Heels: Wives Who Stay With Cross-Dressers and Transsexuals. New York: Haworth Press. ISBN 9780789030955.