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South Korea–United Kingdom relations

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The relationship between the Republic of Korea and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Korean: 한영 관계, romanized: hanyeong gwangye) spans from the 19th century to the present day. Although the Republic of Korea gives 18 January 1949 as the date of the establishment of formal relations with the United Kingdom,[1] diplomatic ties go back to the United Kingdom–Korea Treaty of 1883.[2] British military participation in the Korean War during the 1950s was significant, but relations between the two countries at the time were described as "tenuous", with relatively little known about each other. Commercial and trade relationships grew rapidly during the 1970s. During the Asian Financial Crisis in the late 1990s, Queen Elizabeth II made a state visit to South Korea, which was well received at a time of crisis in the country. Today, there are strong economic and diplomatic links between the two countries.[2][3]

British–South Korean relations
Map indicating locations of United Kingdom and South Korea

United Kingdom
South Korea
Diplomatic mission
British Embassy SeoulEmbassy of South Korea, London
Envoy
Ambassador Colin CrooksAmbassador Kim Geon
Celebration for the 130th Anniversary of UK-ROK relations on 23 May 2013, at the British Embassy Seoul.

According to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 74% of South Koreans view the United Kingdom's influence positively, with 14% viewing the UK negatively. On the other hand, opinion of South Korean influence is divided in the United Kingdom, with 45% of Britons viewing South Korea's influence positively, and 45% viewing them negatively.[4]

History

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Before the 1945

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Three Royal Navy ships briefly occupied Geomun Island in 1885. The relationship between the two nations broke off during the period of Japanese colonial rule in Korea between 1910 and 1945.

World War II and Korean War

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After the Second World War, South Korea established diplomatic ties with the United Kingdom on 18 January 1949. The United Kingdom and other British Commonwealth Forces fought alongside South Korea during the Korean War. Almost 100,000 British servicemen fought in the Korean war. Their most famous involvement was the Battle of the Imjin River, a confrontation with Chinese soldiers. 600 soldiers of the British Army took on a force of 30,000 Chinese troops crossing the Imjin River in Korea. At the end of the battle 10,000 Chinese troops had fallen. British losses stood at just 59 and this battle is considered a turning point in the war as it halted the Chinese advance. The Gloucester Valley Battle Monument is a memorial for British soldiers killed at Solma-Ri, South Korea. 1,078 British soldiers died fighting in the Korean war.[5][6]

Post War

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There is a British embassy in Seoul and a South Korean embassy in London.[3][7] The UK and South Korea cooperate in world events with other nations such as the United States. They have recent military relations and the UK often supports South Korea's view during periods of turbulent North Korea–South Korea relations. There were about 17,000 South Koreans living in the United Kingdom in 2011.

In November 2016, the Republic of Korea Air Force conducted a domestic air combat manoeuvering exercise with the British Royal Air Force and the United States Air Force. This was the first such exercise with a foreign nation other than the United States.[8][9]

Military relations

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On 20 November 2023, South Korea and the UK signed the Downing Street accord which exponentially increases military cooperation between the two countries.[10] It has been proposed that the two countries should to forge an institutionalised agreement, modelled upon Japan-U.K. Reciprocal Access Agreement, to build upon the Downing Street accord further.[11]

Economic relations

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From 1 July 2011 until 30 December 2020, trade between South Korea and the United Kingdom was governed by the European Union–South Korea Free Trade Agreement, while the United Kingdom was a member of the European Union.[12] Following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, the UK and South Korea signed a continuity trade agreement on 22 August 2019, based on the EU free trade agreement; the agreement entered into force on 1 January 2021.[13][14] Trade value between South Korea and the United Kingdom was worth £18,349 million in 2022.[15]

Both countries opened negotiations for an updated South Korea–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement.[16][17]

High-level exchanges

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From South Korea to the UK

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From the UK to South Korea

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea. "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Europe". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  2. ^ a b Sir Thomas Harris, former British Ambassador to South Korea (27 June 2014). "Britain's Relations with Korea: A Personal View". Gresham College. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  3. ^ a b "UK and South Korea". Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  4. ^ "Negative Views of Russia on the Rise: Global Poll" (PDF). BBC World Service. 2014-06-03.
  5. ^ "Background of Participation and Activity of each Forces". Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  6. ^ "BBC ON THIS DAY | 29 | 1950: British troops arrive in Korea". BBC News. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  7. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Korea in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  8. ^ "'Invincible Shield' - First ever UK-US-ROK Combined Air Exercise". RAF. 8 November 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  9. ^ "Invincible Shield Military Drill Against North Korean Threat: US, UK, South Korea To Begin Trilateral Exercise". International Business Times. 2 November 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  10. ^ "UK and South Korea to agree new partnership to redefine and strengthen ties for next generation". GOV.UK. 2023-11-20. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
  11. ^ "What's Next for the South Korea-UK Relationship?". The Diplomat. 2023-12-07. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
  12. ^ "EU - Korea, Republic of". World Trade Organization. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
  13. ^ Truss, Elizabeth (21 August 2019). "UK and Korea to sign trade continuity deal to ensure businesses are ready to trade post-Brexit". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2024.UK–South Korea FTA
  14. ^ "South Korea agrees deal with UK for post-Brexit trade". Financial Times. 10 June 2019. Archived from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
  15. ^ "UK trade agreements in effect". GOV.UK. 3 November 2022. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  16. ^ "UK and South Korea to launch talks on new trade deal as Korean businesses back Britain with £21 billion of investment". GOV.UK. 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  17. ^ "South Korea's Yoon to Talk AI in UK as Trade Negotiations Begin". Bloomberg. 20 November 2023. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
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