Southern Carrier, Lower Carrier or locally Dakelh is an endangered dialect group of the Athabaskan Carrier language of British Columbia, Canada.
| Southern Carrier | |
|---|---|
| Lower Carrier | |
| Dakelh | |
_cropped.jpg) Sign saying Wheni Lheidli T'enneh ts'inli meaning 'we are Lheidli T'enneh' in the Lheidli dialect.[1] | |
| Native to | Canada |
| Region | British Columbia |
| Ethnicity | Dakelh |
Native speakers | (500 cited 1987)[2] |
Na-Dene
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | caf |
| Glottolog | sout2958 |
Classification
editDialects
editThe dialects belonging to Southern Carrier roughly correspond to those to the south of Fort St. James. The group is divided into two subgroups, Fraser/Nechakoh and Blackwater which are further subdivided into individual dialects.[3]
The Fraser/Nechakoh subdivision of Southern Carrier includes the Lheidli, Saik'uz, Nadleh, Nautey, Stelakoh, Stoney Creek, Prince George and Cheslatta dialects. The Blackwater division includes the Anahim Lake, Red Bluff, Nazko, Kluskus, and Ulkatcho dialects.[4]
Usage
editAccording to a 2016 census conducted by the Government of Canada, there were 1,270 fluent speakers of the Carrier language. Among the 1,270 speakers, 1,045 have the language as a single mother tongue and 225 have the language as one of their mother tongues.[5]
Grammar
editSouthern Carrier has an extremely extensive and productive system of noun classifications. It has multiple classification subsystems and they can take place in the same sentence or same verb.[6]
Language learning
editFirstVoices Website
editFirstVoices is an online indigenous languages archiving and learning resource administered by the First Peoples' Cultural Council of British Columbia, Canada. Dakelh/Southern Carrier language is one of the languages documented on the website.[7] Information on alphabets, words, phrases, songs, and stories are available. Both orthography and voice recordings are provided on the website. Games and a kids portal are also available for pre-readers to engage with the language.
FirstVoices App
editThe Nazko-Dakelh mobile application has a bilingual dictionary and a collection of Dakelh/Southern Carrier language phrases that are archived on the FirstVoices website. It is available for free on both Apple and Android mobile operating systems.
References
edit- ^ "Our Language - Lheidli T'enneh | First Nation | Prince George, BC". 2020-04-14. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
- ^ Southern Carrier at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Bird, Sonya (January 2004). "Lheidli intervocalic consonants: phonetic and morphological effects". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 34 (1): 69–91. doi:10.1017/S0025100304001616. ISSN 0025-1003. S2CID 144631921.
- ^ Moseley, Christopher (2008-03-10). Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages. Routledge. ISBN 9781135796402.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2018-03-28). "Aboriginal Mother Tongue (90), Single and Multiple Mother Tongue Responses (3), Aboriginal Identity (9), Registered or Treaty Indian Status (3) and Age (12) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2019-11-10.
- ^ Poser, William J. (2005). Noun classification in Carrier (PDF). Dept. of Anthropology, American Indian Studies Research Institute, Indiana University. OCLC 1016449495.
- ^ "FirstVoices". www.firstvoices.com. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
External links
edit
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