South Karelian (South Karelian: Suvikarjala) is the most spoken of the two dialects of Karelian Proper, and it is spoken in the Republic of Karelia and in the Tver Oblast. South Karelian was also previously spoken in Border Karelia when it was apart of Finland.[3][4] Many speakers of the South Karelian dialect were evacuated from Finnish Karelia into other areas of Finland during the 20th century, where a number of speakers are still retained.[5] South Karelian displays a higher degree of regional variation than any other Karelian dialect.[6]
| South Karelian | |
|---|---|
| South Karelian | |
| Suvikarjala | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Karelia |
Uralic
| |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | sout2676 |
 Spread of South Karelian (1b) in the 20th century. | |
The Karelian enclave dialects such as Tikhvin, Valday and Tver Karelian are also derived from South Karelian.[6]
South Karelian is mainly distinguished from North Karelian by containing the sounds b, d, g, z and ž, which are missing from the Northern dialect of Karelian proper.[7]
Examples
editThe following example is taken from a 2016 Karelian in Seinäjoki:[8]
| South Karelian | Finnish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Suojärvellä rištikanzat paistih karjalua dai vielä voinan jälgeh Valdimolla elevyttyö. Rannanhierus susiedat kaikin paistih mugaleite. Yhenjyty miegi opassuin pagizemah. Engo ni muuda malttan školah männessä. | Suojärvellä ihmiset puhuivat karjalaa, myös vielä sodan jälkeen asetuttuaan Valtimolle. Rannankylässä kaikki naapurit puhuivat samalla tavalla. Minäkin opin puhumaan siten. Enkä muuta osannutkaan mennessäni kouluun | In Suojärvi, people spoke Karelian, even after the war when they had settled in Valtimo. In Rannankylä, all the neighbors spoke the same way. I also learned to speak like that. And I didn’t know any other language when I went to school |
Southern, Northern and Livvi dialects compared:[9]
| Livvi | Southern | Northern | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| pakkaskuu | pakkaiskuu | pakkaiskuu | January |
| tuhukuu | tuuččakuu | tuiskukuu | February |
| kevätkuu | kevätkuu | kevätkuu | March |
| sulakuu | sulakuu | šulakuu | April |
References
edit- ^ Change in the regulation by the president of Finland about European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, 27.11.2009 (in Finnish)
- ^ "Законодательные акты: О государственной поддержке карельского, вепсского и финского языков в Республике Карелия". Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
- ^ "Murtehet | Karjalan Sivistysseura" (in Karelian). Retrieved 2024-04-13.
- ^ "Kuka puhuu karjalaa?". Kotimaisten kielten keskus (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-08-14.
- ^ "Тверской диалект карельского языка | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 2024-08-14.
- ^ a b Koivisto, Vesa (October 2023). "Tver' Karelian as a new dialect". Nordic Journal of Linguistics. 46 (2): 141–160. doi:10.1017/S0332586523000112. ISSN 0332-5865.
- ^ "Murtehet | Karjalan Sivistysseura" (in Georgian). Retrieved 2024-08-14.
- ^ "Näyte eteläkarjalasta | Karjalan Sivistysseura" (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 2023-03-27. Retrieved 2024-08-14.
- ^ "Kuut karjalaksi". Karjalan kielen elvyttäminen (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-08-14.