1948 Southern Rhodesian general election

General elections were held in Southern Rhodesia on 15 September 1948. They saw Prime Minister Godfrey Huggins regain the overall majority he had lost in the previous elections in 1946. Huggins' United Party won a landslide, reducing the opposition Liberal Party to a small minority.

Background

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The 1946 election had left the United Party in a precarious position in an overall minority in the Southern Rhodesian Legislative Assembly, and reliant on the support of the Rhodesia Labour Party. Huggins was therefore seeking an opportunity to re-establish an overall majority. However, Huggins knew from his experience in 1934 that he needed to justify asking for a dissolution of the Assembly and a general election, as the Governor was not necessarily willing to grant one merely because it had been asked for.

Early in 1948, Huggins made his move by proposing that his own United Party merge with the opposition Liberal Party (which was a right-wing organisation). He then went to the Legislative Assembly and put down a motion of confidence in his government which endorsed all its policies for the full term of the Assembly. The Liberal Party, sensing a trap, agreed to the principle of fusion of the two parties but insisted that it be on the basis of Liberal Party policy. When the vote of confidence debate was concluded on 6 February, Huggins accepted an amendment moved by the Rhodesia Labour Party, and the confidence motion then passed without a division. Huggins had lost his chance for an election but gained endorsement of his government.

This situation did not last long. In July, the Coinage and Currency Bill was defeated by one vote on a clause which would have allowed the Currency Board to provide accommodation. Although this was a minor matter, Huggins argued that it was an issue of confidence because this provision had been agreed with the governments of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland in the Central African Council; as negotiations to form a new majority government failed, the Governor granted a dissolution.

Supporting Huggins' position, the South African general election in May that year had seen a win by the National Party which largely represented Afrikaners. This election marked a transfer of power away from the English-speaking South Africans and shocked the mostly British descended Southern Rhodesians, who recoiled from the Liberal Party who were backed by the small Rhodesian Afrikaner community; the Liberal Party's policy on race was similar to the National Party's policy of Apartheid.

Voters tended not to blame the government for the economic difficulties and petrol shortages which had affected Rhodesia in the years since the war, and the renewed push towards federation with Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland also encouraged support for the United Party. In the end, it delivered a landslide for Huggins; Liberal Party leader Jacob Smit lost his seat.

Electoral system

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A Delimitation Commission was set up to redraw the boundaries of the electoral districts. Although the previous districts had only been drawn up in 1938, owing to the major population movements in the war none of the districts were unchanged.

Franchise and electoral procedure

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Two Acts passed in the run-up to the election made changes to electoral procedure. The Emergency Laws (Repeal and Transitional Provisions) Act, 1946 repealed most of the Active Service Voters Act, 1943 and therefore removed the ability of Southern Rhodesians serving in forces outside the colony to vote. The provision allowing postal votes to those living more than 10 miles from the polling station was retained.

The Electoral Amendment Act, 1946 made a further series of minor changes. It provided for a new full registration of voters once the delimitation had been completed, and facilitated the disqualification of imprisoned voters by requiring returns of those sentenced to prison. It also allowed candidates to withdraw before the poll.

Results

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PartyVotes%Seats+/–
United Party19,73156.3324+11
Southern Rhodesia Liberal Party10,67830.485–7
Rhodesia Labour Party4,55813.011–2
Dominion Party610.170New
Total35,028100.00300
Valid votes35,02899.61
Invalid/blank votes1380.39
Total votes35,166100.00
Registered voters/turnout47,84073.51
Source: Willson

By constituency

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Constituency
Electorate and turnout
Candidate Party Votes
AVONDALE
1,962 (80.0%)
John Richard Dendy Young UP 1,021
Albert Rubidge Washington Stumbles L 548
BULAWAYO CENTRAL
1,658 (73.9%)
Donald MacIntyre UP 762
William Hives Eastwood Lab 327
Peter Bawtree Gibbs L 147
BULAWAYO DISTRICT
1,411 (77.3%)
Alexander Magnus Flett Stuart UP 647
John Morrison Macdonald L 238
Allan Watson Whittington Lab 205
BULAWAYO EAST
2,100 (81.7%)
Robert Francis Halsted UP 1,029
Ian Donald MacGillivray L 398
Leonard James Pearl Lab 288
BULAWAYO NORTH
1,567 (73.0%)
Thomas Hugh William Beadle UP 905
Mrs. Ethel Davies Lab 239
BULAWAYO SOUTH
1,657 (67.5%)
Henry Alfred Holmes UP 678
James Stuart McNeillie Lab 441
CHARTER
1,206 (66.8%)
Jacob Letterstedt Smit L 513
Thomas John Mangwe Tilbury UP 293
EASTERN
1,495 (66.2%)
Tom Ian Findlay Wilson UP 631
Aubrey William Dunn L 359
GATOOMA
1,204 (67.4%)
George Munro L 412
Graham Caldwell Elliott UP 399
GWELO
1,638 (75.0%)
Desmond William Lardner-Burke UP 626
Robert Williamson L 518
Friedrich Ferdinand Ludwig Hein Lab 84
HARTLEY
1,130 (70.1%)
Patrick Archibald Wise L 406
Ralph Drew Palmer UP 386
HIGHLANDS
2,218 (77.4%)
Robert Allan Ballantyne UP 937
Charles Arden Bott L 690
William Rhodes Eades Lab 90
HILLSIDE
1,844 (82.0%)
Julius Macdonald Greenfield UP 677
Harry Herbert Davies Lab 570
Olive Hope Robertson L 266
LOMAGUNDI
1,430 (73.7%)
George Henry Hackwill UP 653
John Scott L 401
MARANDELLAS
1,370 (71.6%)
Neville Gwynne Barrett UP 544
William Thomas Edward Fitzsimons L 437
MAZOE
1,267 (75.2%)
John Moore Caldicott UP 510
Thomas Patrick Murray Cochran L 443
QUE QUE
1,382 (71.9%)
George Arthur Davenport UP 559
Thomas Nangle Lab 269
Henry William Watt L 165
RAYLTON
1,627 (65.8%)
Lawrence John Walter Keller Lab 615
Alexander Cockburn UP 337
Cecil Edward Mark Moore L 119
SALISBURY CENTRAL
1,628 (68.9%)
Leslie Manfred Noel Hodson UP 722
David Symond Richards L 264
George Arthur Henry Radford Lab 135
SALISBURY CITY
1,729 (75.0%)
Bevis Alexander Barker UP 765
Jacob Hendrik Smit L 519
Francis Michael Nilan DP 13
SALISBURY DISTRICT
2,076 (78.4%)
Leslie Major Cullinan UP 1,082
William Graham L 545
SALISBURY GARDENS
1,587 (67.2%)
Noel St. Quinton UP 701
Frank Henry Shepley Waller L 259
Charles Olley Lab 107
SALISBURY NORTH
1,772 (76.8%)
Godfrey Martin Huggins UP 1,024
Hugh Volant Wheeler L 337
SALISBURY SOUTH
2,683 (74.5%)
William Alexander Eustace Winterton UP 1,095
Denzil Crichton Paul L 713
George Cyril Hamilton-Browne Lab 143
Stewart Edward Aitken-Cade DP 48
SELUKWE
1,090 (68.5%)
Ian Douglas Smith L 361
Egon Aage Klifborg Lab 258
Petrus Johannes Cilliers UP 128
SHABANI
1,651 (69.2%)
Reginald Stephen Garfield Todd UP 685
Johannes Hendrik Hofmeyr L 458
UMTALI
1,914 (79.7%)
Edgar Cuthbert Fremantle Whitehead UP 766
James Brown Lister Lab 648
George Washington Chace L 112
VICTORIA
1,436 (71.4%)
Raymond Osborne Stockil L 633
Richard Charles Ellis UP 393
WANKIE
1,169 (62.4%)
Humphrey Vicary Gibbs UP 376
George Wilburn Rudland L 204
William James Swift Lab 150
WESTERN
939 (65.3%)
Patrick Bissett Fletcher UP 400
Michael Vernon Rorke L 213

Changes during the Assembly

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Bulawayo District

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Alexander Magnus Flett Stuart died on 7 August 1949, and a byelection to replace him was held on 13 October 1949.

Constituency Candidate Party Votes
BULAWAYO DISTRICT William Hives Eastwood Lab 381
John Morrison Macdonald L 351
Peter George Hewison UP 288
Sydney Henderson Millar Ind 89

Bulawayo North

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Hugh Beadle resigned from the Assembly on 20 July 1950 to become a High Court judge. A byelection to fill his Assembly seat in Bulawayo North was held on 19 September 1950.

Constituency
Electorate and turnout
Candidate Party Votes
BULAWAYO NORTH
1,925 (69.2%)
Cyril James Hatty UP 507
James Stuart McNeillie Lab 471
Eric Ashdown Smart L 354

Highlands

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Robert Allan Ballantyne died on 5 February 1953. A byelection to replace him was held on 22 April 1953.

Constituency
Electorate and turnout
Candidate Party Votes
HIGHLANDS
2,334 (77.7%)
William Addison UP 782
Frederick Daniel John Lacey Lab 531
Dickerson Colfax Byron-Moore RP 501

References

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  • Source Book of Parliamentary Elections and Referenda in Southern Rhodesia 1898–1962 ed. by F.M.G. Willson (Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Salisbury 1963)
  • Holders of Administrative and Ministerial Office 1894–1964 by F.M.G. Willson and G.C. Passmore, assisted by Margaret T. Mitchell (Source Book No. 3, Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Salisbury 1966)