Microsoft Edge

(Redirected from Spartan (Browser))

Microsoft Edge (or simply nicknamed Edge) is a proprietary cross-platform web browser created by Microsoft. Released in 2015 along with both Windows 10 and Xbox One, it was initially built with Microsoft's own proprietary browser engine, EdgeHTML, and their Chakra JavaScript engine.[9] Later on, it was ported to Android and iOS[10][11] as a fork of Google's Chromium open-source project. In late 2018, Microsoft announced it would completely rebuild Edge as a Chromium-based[12][13] browser with Blink and V8 engines, which allowed the browser to be ported to macOS. The new Edge was publicly released in January 2020,[14][15] and on Xbox platforms in 2021.[16][17] Microsoft has since terminated security support for the original browser (now referred to as Microsoft Edge Legacy).[18] Edge is also available on older Windows versions until early 2023,[19][20] as well as Linux.[21][22]

Microsoft Edge
Original author(s)Microsoft
Developer(s)Microsoft
Initial releaseApril 29, 2015; 9 years ago (2015-04-29)
Stable release(s)
Android126.0.2592.117[1] Edit this on Wikidata / 23 July 2024; 4 months ago (23 July 2024)
iOS, iPadOS126.0.2592.120[2] Edit this on Wikidata / 24 July 2024; 4 months ago (24 July 2024)
Linux130.0.2849.68[3] Edit this on Wikidata / 31 October 2024; 35 days ago (31 October 2024)
macOS130.0.2849.68[3] Edit this on Wikidata / 31 October 2024; 35 days ago (31 October 2024)
Windows130.0.2849.68[3] Edit this on Wikidata / 31 October 2024; 35 days ago (31 October 2024)
Preview release(s) [±]
Beta131.0.2903.9 / October 24, 2024; 42 days ago (2024-10-24)[4]
Dev132.0.2917.0 / October 30, 2024; 36 days ago (2024-10-30)[5]
Canary132.0.2925.0 / October 29, 2024; 37 days ago (2024-10-29)
Written inC++, C#
Engines
Operating system
PlatformIA-32, x86-64, ARM32, ARM64
Included with
PredecessorInternet Explorer
LicenseProprietary software, based on an open source project[8][note 1]
Websitemicrosoft.com/edge

Although it was created as the successor to Internet Explorer (IE), Internet Explorer 11 remained available alongside Edge for compatibility until 2023, when it was removed.[23] In Windows 11, Edge is the only browser available from Microsoft (for compatibility[24][25] with Google Chrome).[26] However, it includes an "Internet Explorer mode", which is aimed at fixing compatibility issues; it provides the legacy MSHTML browser engine and supports the legacy ActiveX and BHO technologies.[27]

In February 2023, according to StatCounter, Microsoft Edge became the third most popular browser in the world, behind Apple Safari and Chrome,[28] while as of December 2023 Edge is second most popular PC/desktop web browser with Safari sliding to 3rd place.[29] In the United States, Edge is the third most popular, where it has a 14% share, slightly behind Safari's 16% share. As of September 2022, Edge is used by 11% of PCs worldwide.[30]

Features

edit

Microsoft Edge is the default web browser, replacing Internet Explorer 11 and Internet Explorer Mobile.[31] As its development and release is dependent on the model of Windows as a service, it is not included in Windows Enterprise Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) builds.[32][33][34]

Microsoft initially announced that Edge would support the legacy MSHTML (Trident) browser engine for backward compatibility, but later said that, due to "strong feedback", Edge would use a new engine, while Internet Explorer would continue to provide the legacy engine.[35] The developer toolset of the EdgeHTML-based versions featured an option to emulate the rendering behaviour ("document mode") of Internet Explorer versions 5 to 11.[36][37]

Favorites, reading list, browsing history and downloads are viewed at the Hub,[38] a sidebar providing functionality similar to Internet Explorer's Downloads manager and Favorites Center.[39]

Edge features a built-in PDF reader,[40] and supports WebAssembly. Until January 2021, Edge also featured an integrated Adobe Flash Player (with an internal whitelist allowing Flash applets on Facebook websites to load automatically, bypassing all other security controls requiring user activation).[41]

Edge does not support legacy technologies such as ActiveX and Browser Helper Objects, instead it uses an extension system based on the cross-browser WebExtension API.[7][42][43]

Internet Explorer 11 remained available alongside Edge for compatibility until 2023, when it was removed.[23] It did not use the Edge engine as was previously announced.[7][31][42] In Windows 11, Edge became the only browser available from Microsoft. However, it includes an "Internet Explorer mode", aimed at fixing compatibility issues; it provides the legacy MSHTML browser engine and supports the legacy ActiveX and BHO technologies.[27]

Edge integrates with Microsoft's online platforms to provide voice control, search functionality, and dynamic information related to searches within the address bar. Users can make annotations to web pages that can be stored to and shared with OneDrive,[44] and can save HTML and MHTML pages to their computers. It also integrates with the "Reading List" function and provides a "Reading Mode" that strips unnecessary formatting from pages to improve their legibility.[44] Edge also has a new feature called vertical tabs which allow users to move tabs on the left side of the screen.[45]

Preliminary support for browser extensions was added in March 2016, with build 14291, three extensions were initially supported. Microsoft indicated that the delay in allowing extensions and the small number was due to security concerns.[46] As of December 2022, there are more than 9,000 extensions—called add-ons—available for Edge.[47]

On February 7, 2023, Microsoft announced a major overhaul to Edge, revamping the user interface with Fluent Design, along with adding a Bing Chat (later known as Microsoft Copilot) button, which replaces the Discover button.[48]

Microsoft also added compatibility for split screen i.e. 2 tabs can be viewed at the same time. A new feature "Workspaces" was introduced, which basically lets the user create different spaces for various things. These workspaces are also collaborative, users can invite friends or colleagues and seamlessly have completely separate workspace for collaboration.

Release strategy

edit

Microsoft Edge Legacy's release cadence was tied to the Windows release cycle and used the Windows Insider Program to preview new versions of the browser. These pre-release builds were known as "Edge Preview". Every major release of Windows included an updated version of Edge and its render engine.

On April 8, 2019, Microsoft announced the introduction of four preview channels: Canary, Dev, Beta, and Stable and launched the Canary and Dev channels that same day with the first preview builds, for those channels, of the new Edge. Microsoft collectively calls the Canary, Dev, and Beta channels the "Microsoft Edge insider channels".[49] As a result, Edge updates were decoupled from new versions of Windows. Major versions of Edge Stable are now scheduled for release every 4 weeks, closely following Chromium version releases.

Surf (video game)

edit
 
Screenshot of Surf being played on Microsoft Edge for macOS

In May 2020, an update to Microsoft Edge added Surf, a browser game where players control a surfer attempting to evade obstacles and collect powerups. Similar to Google Chrome's Dinosaur Game, Surf is accessible from the browser's offline error page and can also be accessed by entering edge://surf into the address bar. The game features three game modes (classic, time trial, and slalom), has character customization, and supports keyboard, mouse, touch, and gamepad controls.[50][51] Its gameplay has been compared to the 1991 Microsoft video game SkiFree.[52][53]

In 2021, Surf was updated with limited-time seasonal theming resembling SkiFree. Instead of surfing, the player skis down a mountain while being chased by a yeti.[54]

Development

edit

Edge Legacy (2014–2019)

edit
 
Project Spartan logo, used in Windows build 10049 to 10137
 
Microsoft Edge logo, used from April 29, 2015 to November 1, 2019
 
A screenshot of the Edge Legacy browser, opened to the Wikipedia homepage

In December 2014, writing for ZDNet, technology writer Mary Jo Foley reported that Microsoft was developing a new web browser codenamed "Spartan". She said that "Spartan" would be treated as a new product separate from Internet Explorer, with Internet Explorer 11 retained alongside it for compatibility.[55]

In early January 2015, The Verge obtained further details surrounding "Spartan" from sources close to Microsoft, including reports that it would replace Internet Explorer on both the desktop and mobile versions of Windows.[56] Microsoft officially unveiled "Spartan" during a Windows-focused keynote on January 21, 2015.[44] It was described as a separate product from Internet Explorer, its final name was not announced.[57]

"Spartan" was first made publicly available as the default browser of Windows 10 Technical Preview build 10049, released on March 30, 2015.[58] The new engine used by "Spartan" was available in Windows builds as part of Internet Explorer 11, Microsoft later announced that Internet Explorer would be deprecated on Windows and would not use the "Spartan" engine.[31][59]

On April 29, 2015, during the Build Conference keynote, it was announced that "Spartan" would officially be known as Microsoft Edge.[60] The browser's logo and branding were designed to maintain continuity with the branding of Internet Explorer.[61] The Project "Spartan" branding was used in versions released after Build 2015. On June 25, 2015, Microsoft released version 19.10149 for Windows 10 Mobile which included the new brand. On June 28, 2015, version 20.10158 followed for the desktop versions, also including the updated branding. On July 15, 2015, Microsoft released version 20.10240 as the final release to Insiders. The same version was rolled out to consumers on July 29, 2015.

On August 12, 2015, Microsoft started the preview program for the next version of Microsoft Edge. They released version 20.10512 to Mobile users. 6 days later followed by version 20.10525 for desktop users. The preview received multiple updates. On November 5, 2015, Microsoft released version 25.10586 as the final release for Edge's second public release for desktop users. On November 12, 2015, the update was rolled out to both desktop users and Xbox One users as part of the New Xbox Experience Update. On November 18, 2015, the update was to Mobile. Finally, on November 19, 2015, the update was also made available as part of the Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 4.[62]

In November 2017, Microsoft released ports of Edge for Android and iOS. The apps feature integration and synchronization with the desktop version on Windows PCs. Due to platform restrictions and other factors, these ports do not use the same layout engine as the desktop version and instead use OS-native WebKit-based engines.[63][64][6]

In April 2018, Edge added tab audio muting.[65] In June 2018, support for the Web Authentication specifications were added to Windows Insider builds, with support for Windows Hello and external security tokens.[66][67]

Microsoft stopped supporting Microsoft Edge Legacy on March 9, 2021.[68][69] On April 13, 2021, Microsoft released a cumulative monthly security update which replaced Edge Legacy with the new Chromium-based Edge.[70]

EdgeHTML

edit

EdgeHTML is the proprietary browser engine originally developed for Edge. It is a fork of MSHTML (Trident) with all legacy code of older versions of Internet Explorer removed, with the majority of its source code rewritten to support web standards and interoperability with other modern browsers.[71][72] EdgeHTML is written in C++.[73]

The rendering engine was first released as an experimental option in Internet Explorer 11 as part of the Windows 10 Preview 9926 build.[74]

EdgeHTML is meant to be fully compatible with the WebKit layout engine used by Safari and other browsers. Microsoft stated their original acceptance criteria: "Any Edge–WebKit differences are bugs that we're interested in fixing."[75]

A review of the engine in the beta Windows 10 build by AnandTech found substantial benchmark improvements over MSHTML (Trident), particularly its new Chakra JavaScript engine performance, which had come up to par with that of Google Chrome.[76] Other benchmarks focusing on the performance of the WebGL API found EdgeHTML to perform much better than Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox.[77]

Edge Legacy release history

edit

New Edge (2019–present)

edit

Codenamed "Anaheim", on December 6, 2018, Microsoft announced its intent to base Edge on the Chromium source code, using the same browser engine as Google Chrome but with enhancements developed by Microsoft. It was also announced that there will be versions of Edge available for older Windows versions, including Windows 7 and Windows 8.x, and macOS, plus that all versions will be updated on a more frequent basis.[92][93] According to Microsoft executive Joe Belfiore, the decision for the change came after CEO Satya Nadella told the team in 2017 that the product needed to be better and pushed for replacing its in-house rendering engine with an open source one.[94]

 
Microsoft Edge running on macOS

On April 8, 2019, the first builds of the new Edge for Windows were released to the public.[95] On May 20, 2019, the first preview builds of Edge for macOS were released to the public, marking the first time in 13 years that a Microsoft browser was available on the Mac platform.[96] The last time a Microsoft browser was available on the Mac platform was Internet Explorer for Mac, which was withdrawn in January 2006.

On June 18, 2019, IAmA post on Reddit, an Edge developer stated that it was theoretically possible for a Linux version to be developed in the future, but no work had actually started on that possibility.[97] On June 19, 2019, Microsoft made Edge available on old Windows versions for testing.[98] On August 20, 2019, Microsoft made its first beta build of Edge available for Windows and macOS.[99] August 2019 also saw the removal of Microsoft Edge Legacy's support for the EPUB file format.[100] At Microsoft Ignite, Microsoft released an updated version of the Edge logo.[101]

The new Edge was released on January 15, 2020, and was gradually rolled out to all Windows 10 users.[102][103] The new Edge was also rolled out to Windows users via Windows Update.[104] Windows Vista and earlier were not supported at the time Edge started supporting older Windows versions.

On September 22, 2020, Microsoft announced that a beta version of Edge for Linux would be available in preview form in October 2020.[21] This comes after the company announced in November 2019 that a Linux version would be developed and confirmed in May 2020 that the Linux version was in development.[105][106] The first preview build for Linux was released on October 20, 2020.[22]

Full support for the new Edge on older Windows versions was scheduled to end on January 15, 2022, but was later extended to January 15, 2023.[107][108]

On April 29, 2022, Microsoft announced integrated VPN support for Microsoft Edge, coming in line with this privacy feature with Chrome and Firefox. There will be a free version of the integrated Edge VPN available but is limited to 1 GB of data transfer.[109]

New Edge release history

edit
Legend: Old version, not maintained Old version, still maintained Current stable version Latest preview version Future release

Performance

edit

Early benchmarks of the EdgeHTML engine—included in the first beta release of Edge in Windows 10[160] Build 10049—had drastically better JavaScript performance due to the new Chakra than MSHTML (Trident) 7 using the older Chakra in Internet Explorer 11, with similar performance to Google Chrome 41 and Mozilla Firefox 37. In the SunSpider benchmark, Edge performed faster than other browsers,[161] while in other benchmarks it operated slower than Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Opera.[162]

Later benchmarks conducted with the version included in 10122 showed significant performance improvement compared to both IE11 and Edge back in 10049. According to Microsoft's benchmark result, this iteration of Edge performed better than both Chrome and Firefox in Google's Octane 2.0 and Apple's Jetstream benchmark.[163]

Edge originally lacked support for open media standards such as WebM and Opus, but these were later added in Edge 14.14291.[164]

In July 2015, Edge scored 377 out of 555 points on the HTML5test. Chrome 44 and Firefox 42 scored 479 and 434 respectively, while Internet Explorer 11 scored 312.[165]

In August 2015, Microsoft released Windows 10 Build 10532 to insiders, which included Edge 21.10532.0. This beta version scored 445 out of 555 points on the HTML5test.[166]

In July 2016, with the release of Windows 10 Build 14390 to insiders, the HTML5 test score of the browser's development version was 460 out of 555 points. Chrome 51 scored 497, Firefox 47 scored 456, and Safari 9.1 scored 370.[167]

In June 2017, Edge 17 had scored 492/555 on HTML5test.[168]

Power efficiency

edit

In June 2016, Microsoft published benchmark results to prove the superior power efficiency of Edge in comparison to all other major web browsers.[169] Opera questioned the accuracy and provided their own test results where Opera came out on top.[170] Independent testing by PC World confirmed Microsoft's results.[171] However, tests conducted by Linus Sebastian in June 2017 instead showed that, at that time, Chrome had the best battery performance.[172]

Privacy

edit

Edge sends the images that the users view online to Microsoft servers by default, although Microsoft has stated that it encrypts images before transfer.[173]

Reception

edit

In an August 2015 review of Windows 10 by Dan Grabham of TechRadar, Microsoft Edge was praised for its performance, despite not being in a feature-complete state at launch.[174] Andrew Cunningham of Ars Technica praised the browser for being "tremendously promising" and "a much better browser than Internet Explorer ever was" but criticized it for its lack of functionality on launch.[175] Thom Holwerda of OSNews criticized Edge in August 2015 for its hidden URL bar, lack of user friendliness, poor design and a tab system that is "so utterly broken it should never have shipped in a final release". He described the browser's implemented features as "some sort of cosmic joke", saying that "infuriating doesn't even begin to describe it".[176]

Data from August 2015, a few weeks after release, showed that user uptake of Edge was low, with only 2% of overall computer users using the new browser. Among Windows 10 users, usage peaked at 20% and then dropped to 14% through August 2015.[177]

In October 2015, a security researcher published a report outlining a bug in Edge's "InPrivate" mode, causing data related to visited sites to still be cached in the user's profile directory, theoretically making it possible for others to determine sites visited. The bug gained mainstream attention in early February 2016,[178] and was fixed with a cumulative update on February 9, 2016.[179]

Microsoft's switch to Blink as Edge's engine has faced mixed reception. The move increases the consistency of web platform compatibility between major browsers. For this reason, the move has attracted criticism, as it reduces diversity in the overall web browser market and increases the influence of Google on the overall browser market by Microsoft ceding its independently developed browser engine.[180][181]

According to Douglas J. Leith, a computer science professor from Trinity College, Dublin, Microsoft Edge is among the least private browsers. He explained, "from a privacy perspective Microsoft Edge and Yandex are much more worrisome than the other browsers studied. Both send identifiers that are linked to the device hardware and so persist across fresh browser installs and can also be used to link different apps running on the same device. Edge sends the hardware UUID of the device to Microsoft, a strong and enduring identifier than cannot be easily changed or deleted."[182] In response, a spokesperson from Microsoft Edge explained that it uses user diagnostic data to improve the product.[183]

In June 2020, users criticized newly released Windows updates that installed Edge and imported some user data from Chrome and Firefox prior to obtaining user permission. Microsoft responded by stating that if a user rejects giving Edge data import permission, then Edge will delete the imported data. However, if the browser crashes before the user has a chance to reject the import, then the already imported data will not be cleared.[184][185] The Verge called these "spyware tactics" and called Edge's "first run experience" a "dark pattern".[186]

Microsoft uses proprietary URL handlers in Windows 10 and 11 to redirect URLs accessed via system search functions to Edge, deliberately ignoring the user's choice of default browser. In November 2021, a patch was released to frustrate a workaround employed by the third-party tool "EdgeDeflector", with a Microsoft spokesperson stating that search in the Windows shell is an "end-to-end customer experience" that is not designed to be modified.[187] The developer of EdgeDeflector, Daniel Aleksandersen, called this "clearly a user-hostile move that sees Windows compromise its own product usability in order to make it more difficult to use competing products."[188]

In November 2021, Microsoft announced that it would display integrated advertising for the buy now, pay later service Zip Pay in Edge during online purchases eligible for financing via the service,[189][190] and allow users to link their Microsoft account to expedite registration for the service. Microsoft claims that it "does not collect a fee for connecting users to loan providers."[189] This decision was met with criticism from users and the press, arguing that the feature was added bloat.[189][190]

Controversy

edit
 
Example of a Windows 11 prompt of Microsoft Edge "Recommended settings"

In December 2021, Microsoft began testing the display of in-browser prompts on the Google Chrome website to discourage downloading the browser.[191][192] Similar prompts intended to discourage Google Chrome downloads also appear when searching for "Chrome" or "browser" on Microsoft Bing search engine.[193] In February 2023, users reported seeing large banner advertisements for Microsoft Edge on the Chrome download page, a move that was criticized for deceptively altering part of Google's official website.[194] In October 2023, Microsoft began testing the display of a sidebar containing a survey related to Chrome when the browser is downloaded.[195]

Market share

edit
Desktop/laptop browser statistics
Google Chrome
65.24%
Microsoft Edge
13.56%
Safari
9.06%
Mozilla Firefox
6.39%
Opera
3.2%
Other
2.55%
Desktop web browser market share according to StatCounter for October 2024[196]

According to StatCounter, in August 2019, Edge overtook the market share of Internet Explorer (IE) on PCs, ranking third place at 9.14%[197] and IE in sixth. Mobile versions of Edge exist for Android and iOS, but they have little to no market share. On Microsoft consoles, Edge replaced IE as the dominant browser a few months after its release in 2015.[198] Market share varies by region. On some days of the week, Edge takes second place with a 10.02% share in the US on PC, and Firefox and Edge have a very similar share globally, switching places for second and third depending on the day.[199][200][201] For example, in March 2020, Edge ranked second with a market share of 7.59%, overtaking Firefox, which had 7.19% of the market share.

Notes

edit
  1. ^ Edge's WebKit & Blink layout engines and its V8 JavaScript engine are each free and open-source software, while its other components are each either open-source or proprietary.

References

edit
  1. ^ "Release notes for Microsoft Edge Mobile Stable Channel". July 23, 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
  2. ^ "Release notes for Microsoft Edge Mobile Stable Channel". July 24, 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel". October 31, 2024. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
  4. ^ "Release notes for Microsoft Edge Beta Channel". Microsoft Edge Enterprise documentation. Microsoft. October 24, 2024. Retrieved November 1, 2024 – via Microsoft Docs.
  5. ^ "Dev Channel update to 132.0.2917.0 is live". Microsoft Edge Insider. Microsoft. October 30, 2024. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
  6. ^ a b c Foley, Mary Jo (October 5, 2017). "Microsoft is bringing new Edge apps to iOS, Android". ZDNet. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018.
  7. ^ a b c Weber, Jason (January 21, 2015). "Spartan and the Windows 10 January Preview Build". IEBlog. Microsoft. Archived from the original on January 22, 2015.
  8. ^ Novet, Jordan (May 5, 2015). "Microsoft says it has no plans to open-source its new Edge browser … yet". VentureBeat. Archived from the original on September 22, 2017.
  9. ^ Microsoft (2020). "What is Microsoft Edge Legacy?". support.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
  10. ^ Belfiore, Joe (October 5, 2017). "Announcing Microsoft Edge for iOS and Android, Microsoft Launcher". Windows Blogs. Microsoft. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
  11. ^ Belfiore, Joe (November 30, 2017). "Microsoft Edge now available for iOS and Android". Windows Blogs. Microsoft. Archived from the original on March 8, 2018. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
  12. ^ Belfiore, Joe (December 6, 2018), Microsoft Edge: Making the web better through more open source collaboration, Microsoft, archived from the original on April 13, 2021, retrieved December 7, 2018
  13. ^ "Microsoft Edge and Chromium Open Source: Our Intent". Microsoft Edge Team. December 6, 2018. Archived from the original on April 8, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2018.
  14. ^ Foley, Mary Jo. "Microsoft's Chromium-based Edge browser to be generally available January 15, 2020". ZDNet. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
  15. ^ Tung, Liam. "Windows 10: Microsoft begins automatically pushing Chromium Edge to users". ZDNet. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  16. ^ Warren, Tom (March 7, 2021). "Microsoft starts testing Edge Chromium browser on Xbox". The Verge. Archived from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  17. ^ "September Xbox Update: Play Later Discovery, Updated Microsoft Edge, and More". September 24, 2021. Archived from the original on October 1, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  18. ^ New Microsoft Edge to replace Microsoft Edge Legacy with April's Windows 10 Update Tuesday release, Microsoft, February 12, 2021, archived from the original on March 11, 2021, retrieved March 12, 2021
  19. ^ "Introducing the first Microsoft Edge preview builds for macOS". Microsoft Edge Blog. May 20, 2019. Archived from the original on May 27, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2019.
  20. ^ "Microsoft's Chromium Edge browser now available on Windows 7 and Windows 8". The Verge. June 19, 2019. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  21. ^ a b Warren, Tom (September 22, 2020). "Microsoft's Edge browser is arriving on Linux in beta next month". The Verge. Archived from the original on September 22, 2020. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
  22. ^ a b Foley, Mary Jo (October 20, 2020). "Microsoft releases Chromium-based Edge preview for Linux". ZDNet. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
  23. ^ a b Cunningham, Andrew (February 14, 2023). "Microsoft will forcibly remove Internet Explorer from most Windows 10 PCs today". Ars Technica.
  24. ^ "Microsoft swallows its pride and releases new Chrome-based browser". finance.yahoo.com. January 15, 2020. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  25. ^ Shankland, Stephen. "Google is loosening its grip on Chrome's foundations, but outside allies still help it control the web itself". CNET. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  26. ^ Microsoft Edge and Chromium Open Source: Our Intent, Microsoft Edge, October 18, 2020, archived from the original on November 17, 2021, retrieved November 17, 2021, our unique web-platform codebase still faces occasional compatibility problems as web developers focus less on HTML standards and rationally focus on widely used platforms like Chrome
  27. ^ a b "How to Enable Internet Explorer Mode in Windows 11". PCMag. January 25, 2022. Archived from the original on May 21, 2022. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  28. ^ "Browser Market Share Worldwide Feb 2022 - Feb 2023". Statcounter. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
  29. ^ "Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide". StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
  30. ^ Hardwick, Tim (May 3, 2022). "Microsoft Edge Overtakes Safari as World's Second Most Popular Desktop Browser". MacRumors. Archived from the original on May 8, 2022. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  31. ^ a b c Warren, Tom (March 24, 2015). "Microsoft relegates Internet Explorer to a 'legacy engine' to make way for new browser". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on March 25, 2015.
  32. ^ "Overview of Windows as a service (Windows 10)". Microsoft. Archived from the original on June 16, 2017. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  33. ^ Foley, Mary Jo. "Some Windows 10 Enterprise users won't get Microsoft's Edge browser". ZDNet. Archived from the original on June 9, 2015. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  34. ^ Keizer, Gregg (November 29, 2018). "FAQ: Windows 10 LTSB explained". Computerworld. Archived from the original on March 8, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  35. ^ Sams, Brad (March 24, 2015). "Microsoft says IE 11 will remain unchanged from Windows 8.1, Spartan is the future". Neowin. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015.
  36. ^ Microsoft Docs (2017)
  37. ^ "nfc.usda.gov". Archived from the original on June 15, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
  38. ^ "Get to know Microsoft Edge". support.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on January 23, 2018.
  39. ^ "Favorites Center - IEBlog". blogs.msdn.microsoft.com. February 6, 2006. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018.
  40. ^ "Windows 10's New Browser Microsoft Edge: Improved, But Also New Risks". trendmicro.com. July 29, 2015. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved September 14, 2015.
  41. ^ Cimpanu, Catalin. "Microsoft Edge lets Facebook run Flash code behind users' backs". ZDNet. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
  42. ^ a b Rossi, Jacob (November 11, 2014). "Living on the Edge – our next step in helping the web just work". IEBlog. Microsoft. Archived from the original on January 11, 2015.
  43. ^ Warren, Tom (January 27, 2015). "Microsoft reveals its Internet Explorer successor will support extensions". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on July 8, 2017.
  44. ^ a b c Ingraham, Nathan (January 21, 2015). "Microsoft officially announces Spartan, its new web browser for Windows 10". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on January 21, 2015.
  45. ^ Burgess, Brian (February 5, 2021). "How to Enable and Use Vertical Tabs on Microsoft Edge". groovyPost. Archived from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
  46. ^ Tina Sieber (March 21, 2016). "Everything You Need to Know About Microsoft Edge Browser Extensions". MakeUseOf. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
  47. ^ ChromeStats (December 29, 2022). "Compare and analyze Edge add-ons". Archived from the original on December 28, 2022. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
  48. ^ "Reinventing search with a new AI-powered Microsoft Bing and Edge, your copilot for the web". The Official Microsoft Blog. February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  49. ^ "What to expect in the new Microsoft Edge Insider Channels – Microsoft Edge Blog". blogs.windows.com. April 8, 2019. Archived from the original on June 4, 2019. Retrieved June 27, 2019.
  50. ^ Warren, Tom (February 26, 2020). "Microsoft is adding a secret SkiFree-like surfing game into its Edge browser". The Verge. Archived from the original on April 14, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
  51. ^ "Microsoft's surf game gets some handy new features on Edge Canary". Windows Central. June 10, 2021. Archived from the original on April 14, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
  52. ^ "Microsoft Edge has a cute game to play when you're offline". Engadget. May 26, 2020. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
  53. ^ Warren, Tom (May 26, 2020). "You can now play Microsoft's new surf game inside the Edge browser". The Verge. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
  54. ^ Allan, Darren (November 25, 2021). "Microsoft Edge resurrects this classic Windows game when your internet dies". TechRadar. Archived from the original on April 2, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
  55. ^ Foley, Mary Jo (December 29, 2014). "Microsoft is building a new browser as part of its Windows 10 push". ZDNet. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on December 30, 2014.
  56. ^ Warren, Tom (January 8, 2015). "Windows 10s new browser will have the most advanced features ever". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on August 14, 2017.
  57. ^ Warren, Tom (March 17, 2015). "Microsoft is killing off the Internet Explorer brand". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on March 18, 2015.
  58. ^ "Project Spartan gets its first public outing in new Windows 10 build". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. March 30, 2015. Archived from the original on March 31, 2015. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  59. ^ Jacobsson Purewal, Sarah (February 19, 2015). "How to enable Spartan's Edge Rendering Engine in Windows 10". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on March 13, 2015.
  60. ^ "The successor to Internet Explorer will be named Microsoft Edge". The Verge. April 29, 2015. Archived from the original on April 29, 2015. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
  61. ^ Sams, Brad (April 29, 2015). "Microsoft reveals Edge's new logo". Neowin. Neowin, LLC. Archived from the original on May 1, 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2015.
  62. ^ Foley, Mary Jo (October 12, 2016). "Microsoft's Windows Server 2016 hits general availability". ZDNet. Archived from the original on October 15, 2016.
  63. ^ "Microsoft Edge for iPhone and Android is out of beta". Engadget. November 30, 2017. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  64. ^ Belfiore, Joe (October 5, 2017). "Announcing Microsoft Edge for iOS and Android, Microsoft Launcher". Windows Blogs. Microsoft. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017.
  65. ^ "Microsoft's Edge browser now lets you mute tabs". TechCrunch. April 27, 2018. Archived from the original on May 27, 2022. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  66. ^ Sarkar; et al. (May 23, 2018). "Announcing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 17682". Microsoft. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  67. ^ "Microsoft Edge now supports passwordless sign-ins". Engadget. July 31, 2018. Archived from the original on October 5, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  68. ^ "Microsoft Edge Classic support ends on March 9, 2021 - gHacks Tech News". www.ghacks.net. August 18, 2020. Archived from the original on September 20, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
  69. ^ Salter, Jim (March 11, 2021). "Microsoft Edge is dead—long live Microsoft Edge". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on March 11, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  70. ^ "Microsoft will uninstall its old Edge browser from Windows PCs on April 13th". Engadget. February 5, 2021. Archived from the original on February 6, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
  71. ^ "What's powering Spartan? Internet Explorer, of course". Neowin. Archived from the original on December 16, 2015.
  72. ^ Foley, Mary Jo (January 22, 2015). "Microsoft's Spartan browser: What's under the hood". ZDNet. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016.
  73. ^ Hachamovitch, Dean (December 14, 2007), Internet Explorer 8 and Acid2: A Milestone, Microsoft, archived from the original on August 27, 2011
  74. ^ Rubino, Daniel (January 25, 2015). "Here's how to enable the Spartan Edge rendering engine for IE11 in Windows 10". Windows Central. Archived from the original on January 27, 2015. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
  75. ^ "Building a more interoperable Web with Microsoft Edge". Blogs.windows.com. June 17, 2015. Archived from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
  76. ^ Brett Howse (January 25, 2015). "Internet Explorer Project Spartan Shows Large Performance Gains". AnandTech. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015.
  77. ^ "Benchmark Deep-Dive: Microsoft Windows 10 Spartan Browser vs. IE11 vs. Google Chrome 41 vs. Mozilla Firefox". WinBuzzer. February 9, 2015. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  78. ^ "Build 10240 now available for Windows Insiders in Fast and Slow rings". windows.com. July 15, 2015. Archived from the original on September 29, 2015.
  79. ^ "Microsoft Edge takes a wider lead against Chrome in JavaScript benchmarks". windowscentral.com. July 15, 2015. Archived from the original on November 8, 2015.
  80. ^ "Announcing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 10586". Windows Experience Blog. November 5, 2015. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015.
  81. ^ "ORTC API is now available in Microsoft Edge". Microsoft Edge Dev Blog. September 18, 2015. Archived from the original on October 9, 2015.
  82. ^ "Windows 10 build 15063". Archived from the original on January 12, 2019. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  83. ^ "What's new in Microsoft Edge in the Windows 10 Creators Update". April 11, 2017. Archived from the original on August 20, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  84. ^ "Microsoft Edge build 15252 changelog - Microsoft Edge Developer". Archived from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  85. ^ "Microsoft Edge build 16299 changelog - Microsoft Edge Developer". Archived from the original on October 28, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  86. ^ "What's New in Microsoft Edge in the Windows 10 Fall Creators Update". October 17, 2017. Archived from the original on August 20, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  87. ^ "Windows 10 build 15063". Archived from the original on August 20, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
  88. ^ "What's new in Microsoft Edge in the Windows 10 April 2018 Update". April 30, 2018. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  89. ^ mattwojo. "What's new in EdgeHTML 18 - Microsoft Edge Development". aka.ms. Archived from the original on May 27, 2022. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
  90. ^ "HTML and CSS3 support tables". caniuse.com. Archived from the original on February 19, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
  91. ^ "Download an ePub app to keep reading e-books". support.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
  92. ^ Warren, Tom (December 6, 2018). "Microsoft is rebuilding its Edge browser on Chrome and bringing it to the Mac". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  93. ^ Foley, Mary Jo. "Microsoft's Edge to morph into a Chromium-based, cross-platform browser". ZDNet. Archived from the original on January 20, 2019. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  94. ^ "Microsoft's Joe Belfiore opens up about difficult Edge decisions". May 6, 2019. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
  95. ^ Protalinski, Emil (April 8, 2019). "Microsoft launches first Chromium Edge builds for Windows 10". Venturebeat. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
  96. ^ Foley, Mary Jo (May 20, 2019). "Microsoft releases first Chromium-based Edge preview for MacOS". ZDNet. Archived from the original on May 20, 2019. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
  97. ^ Cimpanu, Catalin. "Microsoft Edge Reddit AMA: Edge might come to Linux". ZDNet. Archived from the original on June 14, 2019. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
  98. ^ Warren, Tom (June 19, 2019). "Microsoft's Chromium Edge browser now available on Windows 7 and Windows 8". The Verge. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
  99. ^ Warren, Tom (August 20, 2019). "Microsoft's Chromium Edge browser moves closer to release with new beta version". The Verge. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  100. ^ "Microsoft Edge will no longer support ePub file format for e-books". Windows Central. August 23, 2019. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
  101. ^ Meisenzahl, Mary. "It looks like Microsoft is finally ditching the Internet Explorer branding for good with a revamped logo that looks like a wave". Business Insider. Archived from the original on November 6, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  102. ^ Warren, Tom (November 4, 2019). "Microsoft's Edge Chromium browser will launch on January 15th with a new logo". The Verge. Archived from the original on November 6, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  103. ^ Pflug, Klye (January 15, 2020). "Upgrading to the new Microsoft Edge". Windows Blogs. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
  104. ^ "Windows 7 and 8.1 users: Now Microsoft is pushing out new Edge browser to you, too". ZDNET. Retrieved January 30, 2023.
  105. ^ Allen, Darren (November 6, 2019). "Hell freezes over as Microsoft Edge comes to Linux". Tech Radar. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
  106. ^ Endicott, Sean (May 20, 2020). "Microsoft Edge for Linux shown off briefly at Build 2020". Windows Central. Archived from the original on September 22, 2020. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
  107. ^ "Microsoft Edge Supported Operating Systems". Microsoft Learn. December 10, 2022. Archived from the original on January 11, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2023.
  108. ^ "Microsoft Edge and Webview2 ending support for Windows 7 and Windows 8/8.1". Microsoft Edge Blog. December 9, 2022. Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
  109. ^ Staff, Culturalist Press (May 2, 2022). "Microsoft Edge announces free (up to 1 gig) VPN integration in a bid to enhance online privacy and compete with Chrome". Culturalist Press: News, opinion on politics, technology, gaming, food & more. Archived from the original on May 27, 2022. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  110. ^ "Upgrading to the new Microsoft Edge". January 15, 2020. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  111. ^ "New optimizations boost performance in preview builds of Microsoft Edge". February 13, 2020. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  112. ^ "Version 80.0.361.48: February 7". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  113. ^ "Version 81.0.416.53: April 13". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  114. ^ "Version 83.0.478.37: May 21". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  115. ^ "Version 84.0.522.40: July 16". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  116. ^ "Version 85.0.564.41: August 27". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  117. ^ "Version 86.0.622.38: October 9". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  118. ^ "Version 87.0.664.41: November 19". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  119. ^ "Version 88.0.705.50: January 21". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  120. ^ "Version 89.0.774.45: March 4". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
  121. ^ "Version 90.0.818.39: April 15". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
  122. ^ "Version 91.0.864.37: May 27". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
  123. ^ "Version 92.0.902.55: July 22". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
  124. ^ "Version 93.0.961.38: September 2". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  125. ^ "Version 94.0.992.31: September 24". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  126. ^ "Version 95.0.1020.30: October 21". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
  127. ^ "Version 96.0.1054.72: January 6, 2022". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
  128. ^ "Version 97.0.1072.69: January 20, 2022". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
  129. ^ "Version 98.0.1108.33: February 3, 2022". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Archived from the original on November 12, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
  130. ^ "Version 99.0.1150.30: March 3, 2022". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
  131. ^ "Version 100.0.1185.29: April 1, 2022". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
  132. ^ "Version 101.0.1210.32: April 28, 2022". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
  133. ^ "Version 102.0.1245.30: May 31, 2022". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  134. ^ "Version 103.0.1264.37: June 23, 2022". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  135. ^ "Version 104.0.1293.47: August 5, 2022". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  136. ^ "Version 105.0.1343.25: September 1, 2022". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
  137. ^ "Version 106.0.1370.34: October 3, 2022". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
  138. ^ "Version 107.0.1418.24: October 27, 2022". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
  139. ^ "Version 108.0.1462.42: December 5, 2022". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
  140. ^ "Version 109.0.1518.49: January 12, 2023". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
  141. ^ "Version 110.0.1587: February 9, 2023". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  142. ^ "Version 111.0.1661.41: March 13, 2023". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  143. ^ "Version 112.0.1722.34: April 6, 2023". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved April 7, 2023.
  144. ^ "Version 113.0.1774.35: May 5, 2023". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
  145. ^ "Version 114.0.1823.37: June 2, 2023". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  146. ^ "Version 115.0.1901.183: July 21, 2023". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. December 7, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  147. ^ "Version 116.0.1938.54: August 21, 2023". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. December 7, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  148. ^ "Version 117.0.2045.31: September 15, 2023". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. December 7, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  149. ^ "Version 118.0.2088.46: October 13, 2023". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. December 7, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  150. ^ "Version 119.0.2151.44: November 2, 2023". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  151. ^ "Version 120.0.2210.61: December 7, 2023". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  152. ^ "Version 121.0.2277.83: January 25, 2024". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  153. ^ "Version 122.0.2365.52: February 23, 2024". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  154. ^ "Version 123.0.2420.53: March 22, 2024". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  155. ^ "Version 124.0.2478.51: April 1, 2024". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  156. ^ "Version 125.0.2535.51: May 17, 2024". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  157. ^ "Version 126.0.2592.56: June 13, 2024". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
  158. ^ "Version 127.0.2651.74: July 25, 2024". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
  159. ^ "Version 128.0.2739.42: August 22, 2024". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
  160. ^ "Windows f10 Best Browsers". April 26, 2015. Archived from the original on May 1, 2016.
  161. ^ Howse, Brett (January 25, 2015). "Internet Explorer Project Spartan Shows Large Performance Gains". AnandTech. Purch. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015.
  162. ^ "Windows 10 Browser Benchmarks: Spartan vs. IE, Chrome, Firefox, and Opera". April 1, 2015. Archived from the original on December 26, 2015.
  163. ^ "Delivering fast JavaScript performance in Microsoft Edge". May 20, 2015. Archived from the original on November 3, 2015.
  164. ^ "WebM, VP9 and Opus Support in Microsoft Edge". Windows Blog. Microsoft. April 18, 2016. Archived from the original on October 21, 2016. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
  165. ^ Owen Williams (July 29, 2015). "Microsoft's Edge browser can win back bitter Web developers". The Next Web. Archived from the original on July 30, 2015. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
  166. ^ "Edge HTML5 improvements teased for upcoming Windows 10 LP Insider build". Neowin. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 8, 2015.
  167. ^ "HTML5test - How well does your browser support HTML5?". html5test.co. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
  168. ^ HTML5test Edge & Internet explorer https://html5test.com/results/desktop/timeline/edge.html Archived July 1, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
  169. ^ Kasanmascheff, Markus (July 14, 2016). "Microsoft Details Edge Browser Benchmark Results to Prove Its Supremacy". WinBuzzer. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
  170. ^ "Why we challenge Microsoft's battery test". Opera Desktop. June 22, 2016. Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  171. ^ "Which browser is best for battery life: We test Edge vs. Chrome vs. Opera vs. Firefox". June 27, 2016. Archived from the original on July 15, 2016. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
  172. ^ "Google Chrome bests Microsoft Edge in new battery life tests". betanews.com. June 26, 2017. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
  173. ^ Buria, Taras (June 12, 2023). "Edge sends images you view online to Microsoft, here is how to disable that".
  174. ^ "Windows 10 Review". TechRadar. Future plc. Archived from the original on July 29, 2015. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
  175. ^ "Review: Windows 10 is the best version yet—once the bugs get fixed". Ars Technica. July 29, 2015. Archived from the original on July 30, 2015. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
  176. ^ "Windows: it's always the next version". OSNews. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
  177. ^ Max Slater-Robins (September 2, 2015). "Barely anybody is using Microsoft's new browser". Business Insider. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2015. shows that Edge peaked at approximately 20% usage among Windows 10 users at the end of July, before dropping down to 14% by the end of August
  178. ^ "Microsoft Edge InPrivate browsing mode is full of fail and not private". NetworkWorld. IDG. February 2016. Archived from the original on February 1, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
  179. ^ "KB3135173, OS build 10596.104". Microsoft. February 8, 2016. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  180. ^ Shankland, Stephen. "Three years in, Microsoft gives up on independent Edge browser and embraces Google's Chromium instead". CNET. Archived from the original on December 30, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  181. ^ Warren, Tom (January 4, 2018). "Chrome is turning into the new Internet Explorer 6". The Verge. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  182. ^ Leith, Douglas. "Web Browser Privacy: What Do Browsers Say When They Phone Home?" (PDF). Trinity College Dublin - School of Computer Science and Statistics. Trinity College Dublin. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  183. ^ Matyszczyk, Chris. "A professor says Edge is the worst for privacy. Microsoft isn't happy". ZDNet. Archived from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  184. ^ "Microsoft Edge caught importing other browser data without permission". Komando.com. July 1, 2020. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  185. ^ "Is Edge taking browser data without permission? Here's what Microsoft says". Windows Central. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  186. ^ "Microsoft is forcing Edge on Windows users with a spyware-like install". www.theverge.com. July 2, 2020. Archived from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  187. ^ Warren, Tom (November 15, 2021). "Microsoft blocks EdgeDeflector to force Windows 11 users into Edge". The Verge. Archived from the original on November 30, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  188. ^ "Windows 11 blocks Edge browser competitors from opening links". www.ctrl.blog. November 11, 2021. Archived from the original on November 30, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  189. ^ a b c Goodin, Dan (November 30, 2021). "Users revolt as Microsoft bolts a short-term financing app onto Edge". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  190. ^ a b Roth, Emma (November 30, 2021). "Edge users aren't happy about Microsoft's built-in "buy now, pay later" tool". The Verge. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  191. ^ Cunningham, Andrew (December 2, 2021). "Microsoft Edge will now warn users about the dangers of downloading Google Chrome". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on December 6, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
  192. ^ Warren, Tom (December 2, 2021). "Microsoft's new Windows prompts try to stop people downloading Chrome". The Verge. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  193. ^ Honorof, Marshall (December 3, 2021). "Microsoft tries to stop users from installing Chrome — again". Tom's Guide. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
  194. ^ Li, Abner. "Microsoft aggressively trying to keep Chrome downloaders using Edge". 9to5Google. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
  195. ^ Gedeon, Kimberly (October 23, 2023). "Google Chrome users: Microsoft Edge wants to know why you don't want it". Mashable. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  196. ^ "Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide". StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved November 3, 2024.
  197. ^ "Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide". StatCounter Global Stats. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  198. ^ "Console Browser Market Share Worldwide". StatCounter Global Stats. Archived from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
  199. ^ "Desktop Browser Market Share United States Of America". StatCounter Global Stats. Archived from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
  200. ^ "Desktop Browser Market Share United States Of America". StatCounter Global Stats. Archived from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
  201. ^ "Desktop Browser Market Share United States Of America". StatCounter Global Stats. Archived from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved September 21, 2019.

Further reading

edit
edit