Arnold (Arnoul) of Soissons or Arnold or Arnulf of Oudenburg[1] (c. 1040–1087) is a saint of the Catholic Church, the patron saint of hop-pickers, Belgian brewers.[2]
Arnold of Soissons | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bishop | |
| Born | 1040 Tiegem, Flanders |
| Died | 1087 |
| Venerated in | Catholic Church |
| Canonized | 6 January 1120 by Pope Callixtus II |
| Feast | 14 August |
| Attributes | As a bishop, with a mash rake |
| Patronage | hop-pickers, beer brewing |
Biography
editArnold, born in Brabant, the son of a certain Fulbertus[3][4] was first a career soldier before settling at the Benedictine St. Medard's Abbey, Soissons, France. He spent his first three years as a hermit, but later rose to be abbot of the monastery. His hagiography states that he tried to refuse this honor and flee, but was forced by a wolf[5] to return. He then became a priest and in 1080, bishop of Soissons, another honor that he sought to avoid. When his see was occupied by another bishop, rather than fighting, he took the opportunity to retire from public life, founding the Abbey of St. Peter in Oudenburg.[6]
As abbot in Oudenburg, Arnold brewed beer, as essential in medieval life as water. He encouraged local peasants to drink beer, instead of water, due to its "gift of health". During the process of brewing the water was boiled and thus freed of pathogens, making the beer safer to drink. The beer normally consumed at breakfast and during the day at this time in Europe was called small beer, having a very low alcohol content, and containing spent yeast. It is likely that people in the local area normally consumed small beer from the monastery, or made their own small beer at the instructions of Arnold and his fellow monks. During one outbreak of sickness, Arnold advised the local people to avoid consuming water, in favor of beer, which advice effectively saved lives.[7]
One miracle tale says, at the time of an epidemic, rather than stand by while the local people fell ill from drinking water, Arnold had them consume his monastery brews. Because of this, many people in his church survived the plague.[8] This same story is also told of Arnulf or Arnold of Metz, another patron of brewers.[9]
Legacy
editThere are many depictions of St. Arnold with a mashing rake in his hand, to identify him.[9] For example, the label on "Steenbrugge Abbey" beers has a picture of St Arnold holding a mash rake.[10]
Arnold is honoured in July with a parade in Brussels on the "Day of Beer."[9]
Miracles that were reported at his tomb were investigated and approved by a council at Beauvais in 1121; in 1131 Arnold's relics were transferred to the Church of St. Peter in Aldenburg.[11] St. Arnold's feast day is 14 August.[11]
See also
edit- Saint Amand - patron saint of wine makers, brewers and bartenders
- Arnulf of Metz - another patron saint of brewers
References
edit- ^ Arnold has no connection with Oudenaarde, where several barons bore the name Arnulphus of Oudenaarde.
- ^ Mulder-Bakker, Anneke B. (2003). The Invention of Saintliness. Routledge. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-134-49865-9.
- ^ John McClintock (1889). "Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature". A Gentleman of Brabant.
s.v. Arnulph (St.)
- ^ Alban Butler (1866). "A French nobleman". Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints.
s.v. "Arnoul, or Arnuphus, C."
- ^ Arnulf signifies "[noble] eagle-wolf
- ^ At Oudenburg he is known as Arnold of Oudenburg; the abbey was demolished at the time of the French Revolution.
- ^ Millar, Rupert (August 14, 2015). "Beer Saint's Day: Arnold of Soissons". The Drinks Business.
- ^ Gately, Iain (2009). Drink: A Cultural History of Alcohol. New York: Gotham Books. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-592-40464-3.
- ^ a b c "Don't question our Beer City: Belga's Bart Vandaele to be DC's third Brewer's Guild knight". DC Beer. August 28, 2009. Archived from the original on August 27, 2016. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ Mason, Antony (October 23, 2020). "Once Matt Hancock's guiding light, Belgium now has one of the world's highest case rates". Telegraph Media Group Limited.
- ^ a b "Saint Arnulf of Soissons". Patron Saints Index. Archived from the original on March 22, 2009.
Further reading
edit- Lisiardus; Hariulfus (2015). R.I.A. Nip (ed.). Vitae, Miracula, Translatio et alia Hagiographica sancti Arnulphi episcopi Suessionensis. Corpus Christianorum. Continuatio Mediaevalis 285. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers. ISBN 978-2-503-05301-1.
- Anneke B. Mulder-Bakker. The Invention of Saintliness. p. 58.
- H. Claeys, ed. (1889). Saint Arnold. Évêque de Soissons Apôtre de la Flandre. Fondateur de l'Abbaye d'Oudenbourg.
External links
edit- "St. Arnoul, or Arnulphus, Bishop of Soissons, Confessor", Butler's Lives of the Saints
- Arnold and other patron saints of beer