St Osyth's Abbey (originally and still commonly known as St Osyth's Priory) was a house of Augustine Canons Regular in the parish of St Osyth (then named Chich) in Essex, England in use from the 12th to 16th centuries. Founded by Richard de Belmeis, Bishop of London, c. 1121, it became one of the largest religious houses in Essex. It was dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul as well as St Osyth (Osith), a royal saint and virgin martyr.[2] Bishop Richard obtained the arm bone of St Osyth from Aylesbury for the monastic church and granted the canons the parish church of St Osyth.
| St Osyth Priory | |
|---|---|
 St Osyth Priory | |
| Location | St Osyth |
| Coordinates | 51°47′57″N 1°04′30″E / 51.7992°N 1.0749°E |
| Area | Essex |
Listed Building – Grade I | |
| Official name | St Osyth's Priory: The Abbot's Lodging and South Wing, the Darcy Clock Tower and C18 House (formerly listed as the Convalescent Home). |
| Designated | 21 February 1950 |
| Reference no. | 1337158 |
Listed Building – Grade I | |
| Official name | St Osyth's Priory ruined east ranges of the Darcy House including the Tower and Chapel |
| Designated | 21 February 1950 |
| Reference no. | 1337159 |
Listed Building – Grade I | |
| Official name | St Osyth's Priory, Gatehouse and East and West flanking Ranges |
| Designated | 21 February 1950 |
| Reference no. | 1111495 |
Listed Building – Grade II* | |
| Official name | St Osyth's Priory, Tithe Barn adjoining the west range of Gatehouse |
| Designated | 21 February 1950 |
| Reference no. | 1308972 |
Listed Building – Grade II* | |
| Official name | St Osyth's Priory: West Barn and Baliffs Cottage |
| Designated | 21 February 1950 |
| Reference no. | 1166310 |
  Location of St Osyth Priory in Essex | |
The foundation began as a priory, probably populated first by canons from Holy Trinity, Aldgate.[2] The first prior of St Osyth's was William de Corbeil, who was elected archbishop of Canterbury in 1123 and who crowned King Stephen in 1135.[3] The priory was converted into an abbey in the mid-12th century.[4]
In the Gesta Pontificum Anglorum, William of Malmesbury spoke in praise of the piety and learning of the canons at St Osyth's in the twelfth century.[5] One of the second generation of canons there was William de Vere, later bishop of Hereford, who wrote a Latin Life of St Osyth,[6] in which he mentions that his mother Adeliza, daughter of Gilbert fitz Richard of Clare, had been a corrodian at the abbey for twenty years of her widowhood.
A charter of King Henry II confirmed the right of the canons of St Osyth's to elect their abbot and to hold a market every Sunday at Chich in the later 12th century.
John Depyng, prior of St. Botolph's was made abbot of St Osyth's in 1434, and took with him goods of considerable value belonging to the priory. He never returned these, and after his death St Botolph's brought an apparently unsuccessful lawsuit in Chancery against St Osyth's for their recovery.[7]
During the Suppression of the Monasteries, the religious group was dissolved by King Henry VIII in 1539, at which time there were a prior and sixteen canons. The king granted it to his minister Thomas Cromwell, but on his fall from favour, the abbey and its estates were returned to crown possession. In the reign of King Edward VI they were sold to Sir Thomas Darcy for just under £400.[8] The gatehouse, dating from the late 15th century, is the most significant remnant of the original monastic structures still standing. The exterior is a fine example of decorative flint work. Five parts of the priory are Grade I listed buildings.[1][9][10][11][12]
On 11 November 1884 the building was consecrated as a masonic lodge (no. 2063),[13] one of the principal officers being the then owner, Sir John Henry Johnson. The priory was later owned by the writer Somerset de Chair, from 1954 until his death in 1995. It stood in for St Anselm's Theological College in the BBC's miniseries adaptation of P. D. James' Death in Holy Orders in 2003.
Burials
edit- Richard de Belmeis I
- Adeliza de Clare de Vere, mother of Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford
- Lucy Young Rochford, wife of William Nassau de Zuylestein, 4th Earl of Rochford
References
edit- ^ a b Historic England. "St Osyth's Priory, Gatehouse and east and west flanking ranges (Grade I) (1111495)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
- ^ a b J. C. Dickinson, The Origins of the Austin Canons and their introduction into England (1950), 112-113.
- ^ John Timbs and Alexander Gunn, Abbeys, Castles and Ancient Halls of England and Wales - Their Legendary Lore and Popular History, (London: 1925), 216-218
- ^ "Houses of Austin canons: Abbey of Chich or St Osyth's | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
- ^ Thomson, R. M.; Winterbottom, M. (2007). William of Malmesbury: Gesta Pontificum Anglorum: Volume I: Text and Translation. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-19-820770-2.
- ^ The work is lost, only extracts survived.
Susan Janet Ridyard (1988). The Royal Saints of Anglo-Saxon England: A Study of West Saxon and East Anglian Cults. CUP Archive. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-521-30772-7. - ^ "Houses of Austin canons: Priory of St Botolph, Colchester | British History Online".
- ^ Abbeys, Castles and Ancient Halls of England and Wales, 218-219.
- ^ Historic England. "St Osyth's Priory the Darcy Tower also known as Abbot's Tower and vaulting to west (Grade I) (1146545)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
- ^ Historic England. "St Osyth's Priory the Chapel of St Osyth and ruins attached to north (Grade I) (1166377)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
- ^ Historic England. "St Osyth's Priory: The Abbot's Lodging and South Wing, the Darcy Clock Tower and C18 House (formerly listed as the Convalescent Home) (Grade I) (1337158)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
- ^ Historic England. "St Osyth's Priory ruined east ranges of the Darcy House including the Tower and Chapel (Grade I) (1337159)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
- ^ "St. Osyth's Priory Lodge No. 2063/history".
Further reading
edit- Watney, John, Some Account of St. Osyth's Priory, Essex, and its Inhabitants (Waterlow & Sons, 1871)
- The Somerset de Chair Collection at St. Osyth's Priory, Essex (1971) Souvenir Guidebook
External links
edit- Picturesque England
- B/W Drawing of the gateway: A Day in St Osyth's Priory. 1866. p. 487. (from the magazine Once A Week)