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Old Royal Naval College

(Redirected from St Paul's Chapel, Greenwich)
This article is about the world heritage site. For the former naval college, see Royal Naval College, Greenwich.

The Old Royal Naval College are buildings that serve as the architectural centrepiece of Maritime Greenwich,[1] a World Heritage Site in Greenwich, London, described by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) as being of "outstanding universal value" and reckoned to be the "finest and most dramatically sited architectural and landscape ensemble in the British Isles".[2] Formerly the site of a royal palace, the old college was originally constructed to serve as the Royal Navy's Greenwich Hospital, designed by Christopher Wren, and built between 1696 and 1712.[3][4] The hospital closed in 1869 and so between 1873 and 1998 the buildings were used as a training establishment for the Royal Naval College, Greenwich.[5] The site is now managed by the Greenwich Foundation for the Old Royal Naval College, established in 1997 to conserve the buildings and grounds and convert them into a cultural destination.[6]

Maritime Greenwich
UNESCO World Heritage Site
The Chapel is in Queen Mary Court (left) and the Painted Hall is in King William Court (right). The domes are above the entrances.
LocationUnited Kingdom
Includes
CriteriaCultural: (i), (ii), (iv), (vi)
Reference795
Inscription1995 (19th Session)
Extensions2008
Area109.5 hectares (271 acres)
Buffer zone174.85 hectares (432.1 acres)
Websitewhc.unesco.org/en/list/795
Coordinates51°29′1″N 0°0′21″W / 51.48361°N 0.00583°W / 51.48361; -0.00583
Old Royal Naval College is located in the United Kingdom
Old Royal Naval College
Location in the United Kingdom

Origins of the site

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Main article: Palace of Placentia
 
The Painted Hall of Greenwich Hospital as drawn by Augustus Pugin and Thomas Rowlandson
 
John Michael Rysbrack's George II (1735) in the Grand Square of the Greenwich Hospital

This was originally the site of Bella Court, built by Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, and subsequently renamed Palace of Placentia by Queen Margaret upon its confiscation by the Crown in the 15th century. Rebuilt by Henry VII, it was thenceforth more commonly known as Greenwich Palace. As such, it was the birthplace of Tudor monarchs Henry VIII, Mary I, and Elizabeth I, and reputedly the favourite palace of Henry VIII. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War. With the exception of a then incomplete John Webb building, the palace was finally demolished in 1694, with the Webb building being completed and converted to use by the hospital.

Greenwich Hospital

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Main article: Greenwich Hospital, London

In 1692 the Royal Hospital for Seamen at Greenwich was created on the site on the instructions of Mary II, who had been inspired by the sight of wounded sailors returning from the Battle of La Hogue. Initially, the hospital remodeled a wing of the unfinished Greenwich Palace, and then expanded and remade the design. Architectural highlights included the Chapel and the Painted Hall. The Painted Hall was painted between 1707 and 1726 by Sir James Thornhill.[7] The hospital closed in 1869 and the remains of thousands of sailors and officers were removed from the hospital site in 1875 and reinterred in East Greenwich Pleasaunce or "Pleasaunce Park".[8]

Royal Naval College, Greenwich

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Main article: Royal Naval College, Greenwich
 
Badge of the Royal Hospital on the Water Gate of the Royal Naval College

In 1873, four years after the hospital closed, the buildings were converted to a training establishment for the Royal Navy. The Royal Navy finally left the college in 1998 when the site passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation for the Old Royal Naval College.

Greenwich Foundation for the Old Royal Naval College

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Since 1998, the site has had new life breathed into it through a mix of new uses and activities and a revival of the historic old site under the management and control of the Greenwich Foundation. The buildings are Grade I listed. In 1999 some parts of Queen Mary and King William, and the whole of Queen Anne and the Dreadnought Building were leased for 150 years by the University of Greenwich. In 2000 Trinity College of Music leased the major part of King Charles. This created a unique new educational and cultural mix.

In 2002, the Foundation realised its aim of opening up the whole site to visitors. It opened the Painted Hall, the chapel and the grounds and a visitor centre to the public daily, free of charge, with guided tours available. The Old Royal Naval College became open to students and visitors of all ages and nationalities accompanied often by music wafting from Trinity College. As Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote in 1863, "the people are sooner or later the legitimate inheritors of whatever beauty kings and queens create".[9]

In 2005, the room where Nelson's coffin was held prior to his being laid-in-state was opened as the Nelson Room. The little side room contains a statue of Nelson replicating the one in Trafalgar Square, memorabilia, paintings and information. It can be seen on one of the guided tours that also include a visit to the undercrofts, the old skittle alley and crypt. A service is held in the chapel every Sunday at 11 am which is open to all. Public concerts are regularly held here and a wide variety of business and cultural events are held in the Painted Hall. The area is used by visitors, students, local people and film crews in a traffic-free environment that provides a variety of coffee shops, bars and restaurants, all incorporated within the old buildings, as part of a unique "ancient and modern" blend that support 21st century life in Greenwich.[10]

The Old Royal Naval College and the "Maritime Greenwich" World Heritage site are becoming focal points for a wide range of business and community activities. Trinity College of Music provide a wide range of musicians and ensembles on a subsidised commercial basis to play at events throughout East London and beyond, part of their business and community "out-reach" policy encouraged and part-funded by the Higher Education Funding Council.[11]

The site is regularly used for filming television programmes, television advertisements, and feature films.[12] Productions have included The Bounty, where captain William Bligh portrayed by Anthony Hopkins is brought in a Chariot at the start of the film, and judged during subsequent scenes. Patriot Games, where an attack on a fictional royal family member, Lord Holmes, was filmed, as well as Shanghai Knights, and a 2006 television advertisement campaign for the British food and clothing retailer Marks & Spencer. Other films include Four Weddings and a Funeral, The Madness of King George, The Mummy Returns, The Avengers (1998) and Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001).

More recent filming has included BBC television's spy-drama Spooks and the dramatisation of Little Dorrit, David Cronenberg's film Eastern Promises, the film adaptation of Philip Pullman's novel Northern Lights and The Wolf Man (2009). The grounds were used extensively during the filming of 2006's Amazing Grace, and 2011's Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows, Now You See Me 2 and Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides. Scenes were shot at the grounds for The King's Speech, where the site doubled for Buckingham Palace, and The Dark Knight Rises, where it doubled for a cafe in the film's final scenes. In April 2012 the site was used for the iconic barricade scenes in the film adaption of the musical Les Miserables. In October 2012 the college was used for filming Thor: The Dark World. In October 2013 the college was used as a set for The Man from U.N.C.L.E.. Also Guy Richie's 2005 film Revolver filmed a scene there.

Painted Hall project

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In 2014, the Old Royal Naval College announced that it was embarking on the next stage of its ambitious plans to restore the Painted Hall. Over three years, 3,700 square metres (40,000 sq ft) of Thornhill's masterpiece was to be conserved. The conservation project focused on the Lower Hall (the Upper Hall having been conserved in 2013).[13] The project included a unique series of public 'ceiling tours' allowing members of the public to get up close to the painted ceiling and see conservators at work.[14] In March 2019, the hall reopened to the public,[15][16] the project winning awards.[17][18]

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  •  
    Chapel
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    Painted Hall from its vestibule
  •  
    Painted Hall View
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    Vestibule ceiling
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    Detailed view of lower hall ceiling Artwork
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    Detail of upper hall ceiling artwork
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    Lower hall
 
The Old Royal Naval College, on the south bank of the river Thames in Greenwich, London, viewed from the north. Between the two college buildings appears the Queen's House in the middle of the picture. On the skyline (800 metres beyond the College) stands a statue of James Wolfe at the end of an avenue of chestnut trees, with the Royal Observatory visible to the right.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Maritime Greenwich: Evaluation 2004" (PDF). Retrieved 16 February 2009.
  2. ^ "UNESCO papers". Retrieved 16 February 2009.
  3. ^ "Royal Hospital". Old Royal Naval College.
  4. ^ "A Brief History of The Royal Hospital School". Mariners. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  5. ^ Dickinson, Harry W. (2016). Wisdom and war: the Royal Naval College Greenwich 1873-1998. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1138271753.
  6. ^ "Old Royal Naval College Annual Review 2020 – 2021" (PDF). Old Royal Naval College. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  7. ^ "Old Royal Naval College". Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  8. ^ Park Explorer- East Greenwich Pleasaunce Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine,– East Greenwich Pleasaunce Archived 27 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Hawthorne, Nathaniel (1883). Our old home: a Series of English Sketches by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Co.
  10. ^ "Photographs of the Old Royal Naval College". Retrieved 16 February 2009.
  11. ^ "Trinity College London". Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  12. ^ "British movie filming locations:Greenwich Royal Naval College". Retrieved 7 August 2010.
  13. ^ "Painted Hall Conservation Project". Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  14. ^ "Painted Hall Project". Archived from the original on 11 April 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  15. ^ "Britain's 'Sistine Chapel' reopens after multimillion pound restoration". Sky News. 22 March 2019.
  16. ^ "The Painted Hall Reopening". Old Royal Naval College Greenwich. 17 January 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  17. ^ "RIBA London Award Winners: The Painted Hall". Architecture. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  18. ^ "Painted Hall wins Museums + Heritage Award for Restoration/Conservation Project of the Year". Old Royal Naval College Greenwich. Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
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