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Stary Dzyedzin

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Stary Dzyedzin (Belarusian: Стары Дзедзін; Russian: Старый Дедин, romanized: Stary Dedin) is a village in Klimavichy District, Mogilev Region, Belarus. It is part of Kisyalyova Buda selsoviet.[1] It is situated on the right bank of the Ostyor River (a left tributary of the Sozh River), five kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the Ivatsevichy–Babruysk–Krychaw (P43) highway which leads to the border with Russia.

Stary Dzyedzin
Стары Дзедзін (Belarusian)
Старый Дедин (Russian)
Village
Stary Dzyedzin is located in Belarus
Stary Dzyedzin
Stary Dzyedzin
Coordinates: 53°45′49″N 32°05′14″E / 53.76361°N 32.08722°E / 53.76361; 32.08722
CountryBelarus
RegionMogilev Region
DistrictKlimavichy District
First mentioned16th century
Population
 (2010)
 • Total
200
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK)

Etymology

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According to local legend, the first settler of this area was an old man ("Belarusian: дзед, romanized: dzyed), who lived for 125 years. Hence, "Dzyedzin" comes from the word "dzyed". Other sources say that the name comes from the word "dzyedzina" which was used in the Middle Ages and meant a type of feudal household that transferred from the grandfather (also called "dzyed" in Belarusian) to the grandson. Thus "dzyedzina" literally means “grandfather’s”. Initially, it was the center of an estate that included several nearby villages. Later, another village with the same name appeared nearby and people began to call them Stary (Old) Dzyedzin and Novy (New) Dzeydzin. These names remain to this day.[2]

History

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Archeological investigations discovered that the first appearance of man in this area took place in the Paleolithic. Several thousand years ago, this territory was inhabited by Finnic peoples, which is evident from the name of the Ostyor River, which has Finnic origins. The first Indo-Europeans in the area arrived approximately in the 2nd millennium BC, probably from the south, going up the Dnieper, the Sozh River, and their tributaries. Those people were ancestors of modern Baltic people. The first Slavic people in the area, the Radimichs, came from the south in the same way, approximately in the 8th-9th centuries. In the nearby area, traces of the Krivichs, a Slavic group of tribes who lived to the north, were also found. This shows that this area could be a mixed ethnic zone. Archeological investigations in 1926 of several tumuli (kurgans) near the village discovered Radimichs’ burial sites referred to 10th-13th centuries.[3]

Dzyedzin's treasure (see below) buried here in late 10th century can be considered as evidence that a settlement existed on this place at those times but that it was not necessarily a predecessor of Stary Dzyedzin itself. Nevertheless, 985 was taken as a symbolic date of its foundation. In August 2010 the 1025th anniversary of the village was solemnly celebrated.[4] A settlement under the name "Dzyedzin" was first mentioned in the documents of 16th century. Archeologists discovered the traces of houses that were built in 14th-18th centuries.[2]

 
Stary Dzyedzin on the political map of the 17th–18th centuries

In the 12th-14th centuries this area belonged to the Principality of Smolensk, in the 14th century it became a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, then was later included in the Mścisław Voivodeship. At the time of Muscovite-Lithuanian Wars it was situated near the new frontier and suffered from the wars over the next two centuries. In 1740–1744, Stary Dzyedzin probably was touched by the Krychaw peasant rebellion under Vasil Vashchyla.

Stary Dzyedzin became part of the Russian Empire after the first partition of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772. At the time of the First World War and the Soviet-Polish War, the village was located near the front lines, but wasn’t touched by it.

Stary Dzyedzin became part of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924, after the first enlargement of the territory of the republic.

During World War II, the village was occupied by German troops in early August 1941 and liberated in the late September 1943.[5] 138 inhabitants of Dzyedzin died in this war.

Culture

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The natives from the village conserve traditions that their ancestors followed for centuries. For forty years, Halina Brykava has led a folk ensemble "Astranka" (Belarusian: Астранка) that is named after the Ostyor river. Its participants collect local folksongs and perform them. Scholars from the Leningrad University came here several times to listen and record these songs.[6]

Stary Dzyedzin is also known for its tradition of pottery and weaving, continued by Vera Tserentsievna Stalyarov.[7]

Stary Dzyedzin is famous for its ancient ritual of claiming for rain. When the weather is very dry the women "plough" the Ostyor River and sing special songs that first time were dedicated to claim for the spirit of rain. This ritual has very deep pagan roots.[8]

Treasure of Stary Dzyedzin

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Stary Dzyedzin became famous after one of the oldest monetary treasures on the territory of Belarus was found there.

In 1926, a peasant named Traphim Hudkou found a pot full of ancient coins while working on his land. Ales and Pavel Prudnikau wrote an article in the newspaper "Belarusian village" about it. Researchers decided to explore it and the treasure was sent to Minsk. After analysis, it was concluded that the treasure was buried between 980 and 985, and contained 204 ancient coins: 201 Kufic dirhams, 2 German denarii and 1 miliaresion among them. Dirhams were printed in Antioch, Baghdad, Hamedan, Isfahan, Balkh, Samarkand, Bukhara and other places. This treasure likely belonged to a rich merchant, and was buried here in the secret place because this area could be a collateral line of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks.[9][10]

This treasure was kept in the Belarusian State Museum, but was lost during the Second World War.

In 2010, a memorial sign about Dzyedzin’s treasure was established in Dzyedzin.

Notable people

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References

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  1. ^ Gaponenko, Irina Olegovna (2007). Назвы населеных пунктаў Рэспублікі Беларусь: Магілёўская вобласць. Minsk: Тэхналогія. p. 189. ISBN 978-985-458-159-0.
  2. ^ a b "Нестарэючая маладосць // Родная нива" (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-08-31.
  3. ^ Памяць: Гіст.-дакум. хроніка Клімавіцк. р-на. – Мн.: Універсітэцкае, 1995. – 645 с.: іл. – С. 24-25. (From the book “Memory”, Klimavichy rayon; Belarusian)
  4. ^ ""Ты, як віцязь, стаіш на ўзбярэжжы Астра…" // Родная нива" (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2010-09-08. Retrieved 2010-08-31.
  5. ^ Памяць. С. 261-263, 333.
  6. ^ "Жанчына, як песня // Родная нива" (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-08-31.
  7. ^ Хранительница традиций // Родная нива (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-08-31.
  8. ^ "Заклінальнікі дажджу // Родная нива" (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-08-31.
  9. ^ "Як знайшлі багаты скарб // Родная нива" (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-08-31.
  10. ^ Рябцевич, В. Н. О чём рассказывают монеты. – Мн., 1977.
  11. ^ "Знакамітыя землякі // Родная нива" (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-08-31.

Further reading

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  • Памяць: Гіст.-дакум. хроніка Клімавіцк. р-на. – Мн.: Універсітэцкае, 1995. – 645 с.: іл. (The book “Memory”, Klimavichy rayon; Belarusian)
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