Stary Oskol (Russian: Ста́рый Оско́л, IPA: [ˈstarɨj ɐˈskol]) is a city in Belgorod Oblast, Russia, located 618 kilometers (384 mi) south of Moscow. Population: 221,678 (2021 Census);[9] 221,085 (2010 Census);[3] 215,898 (2002 Census);[10] 173,917 (1989 Soviet census).[11] It is called Stary Oskol (lit. 'Old Oskol') to distinguish it from Novy Oskol (lit. 'New Oskol') located 60 kilometres (37 mi) south. Both are on the Oskol River.
Stary Oskol
Старый Оскол | |
|---|---|
.png) Flag 2008.svg) Coat of arms | |
Location of Stary Oskol  | |
  Stary Oskol Location of Stary Oskol  Stary Oskol Stary Oskol (Belgorod Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 51°17′48″N 37°50′06″E / 51.29667°N 37.83500°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Belgorod Oblast[1] |
| Founded | 1593[2] |
| Government | |
| • Head | Andrey Chesnokov |
| Elevation | 150 m (490 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 221,085 |
| • Rank | 84th in 2010 |
| • Subordinated to | city of oblast significance of Stary Oskol[1] |
| • Capital of | city of oblast significance of Stary Oskol,[4] Starooskolsky District[5] |
| • Urban okrug | Starooskolsky Urban Okrug[6] |
| • Capital of | Starooskolsky Urban Okrug[6] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [7]) |
| Postal code(s)[8] | 309530 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 4725 |
| OKTMO ID | 14740000001 |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 16,000 | — |
| 1926 | 20,000 | +25.0% |
| 1939 | 10,946 | −45.3% |
| 1959 | 27,474 | +151.0% |
| 1970 | 51,533 | +87.6% |
| 1979 | 114,946 | +123.1% |
| 1989 | 173,917 | +51.3% |
| 2002 | 215,345 | +23.8% |
| 2010 | 221,085 | +2.7% |
| 2021 | 221,676 | +0.3% |
| Source: Census data | ||
History
editOskol was first mentioned in the Ipatiev Chronicle of 1185 as a gathering point for the troops of princes Igor and Svyatoslav in their campaign against the Polovtsians. Then Oskol as a city was mentioned in the list of cities of Svidrigailo in 1432. Then there are mentions of this city in 1497, 1506. There is information that in the 1430s the city was renamed Yagoldai-sarai in honor of the Tatar murza Yagoldai. The city is the capital of the Tatar principality. At the beginning of the 16th century the city was destroyed during a raid by the Crimean Tatars and was rebuilt on the site of the destroyed Yagoldai settlement by the Russian government of Tsar Feodor Ioannovich in 1593 under the ancient name Oskol. It was near the Muravsky Trail used by Crimeans and Nogais to raid Muscovy. In 1571 a fort was built nearby. It was abandoned after 15 years, but the area was still patrolled. In 1593[2] Oskol was refounded as a fortress. In 1617 it was burned by the Poles. The surrounding area was frequently raided by the Tatars. In 1655 it was renamed Stary Oskol to distinguish it from the new fort at Novy Oskol. Later it was affected by the Russian Civil War in 1919, as well as by World War II, when it was captured by Hungarian troops. After World War II, industry developed in the city and its population started to grow.
Etymology
editThe origin of the name Oskol remains unclear. According to historian Anatoly Pavlovich Nikulov, Oskol is of Turkic origin, since the lands of modern Stary Oskol in the early Middle Ages were part of the Khazar Kaganate.[citation needed][clarification needed] Another hypothesis[whose?] likewise holds that Oskol is of Turkic origin and can be divided into two components: Os "Ros, Rus, Russians" and kol "pond, lake, river." In Turkic languages, the sound of "r" is replaced by a softening of the next sound,[clarification needed] so Ros would have been pronounced as Os.[citation needed] Another source[who?] assumes that oskol is of Slavic origin and means "splitting, crushing," a reference to the grinding of iron ore prior to smelting. The ancient city of Oskol was located in close proximity to a large iron deposit.[1]
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Stary Oskol serves as the administrative center of Starooskolsky District,[5] even though it is not a part of it.[4] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of oblast significance of Stary Oskol—an administrative unit with a status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the territories of the city of oblast significance of Stary Oskol and of Starooskolsky District are incorporated as Starooskolsky Urban Okrug.[6]
Politics
editOn 17 March 1996, elections of deputies of the territorial Council of the city of Stary Oskol and Stary Oskol district took place, as a result of which 21 deputies were elected.
On 20 March 1996, the results of the elections for the head of local government were officially announced:
- Ivan Gusarov - 35%
- I. N. Zhikharev - 22.8%
- Nikolai Shevchenko - 39.4%
The number of votes cast against all candidates was 2.8%. Thus, Nikolai Shevchenko became the head of local government of the city. On 22 March 1996, the first operational meeting took place with the participation of the elected mayor of Stary Oskol.
On 3 April 1996, the opening of the first session of the territorial Council of Deputies of the city of Stary Oskol and Stary Oskol district took place in a solemn atmosphere.
On 4 December 2011, elections to the 6th State Duma were held in the city, in which United Russia won with a result of 35.4%.
Economy
editStary Oskol is an important center of iron ore mining, situated at the border of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, one of the largest deposits of iron ore worldwide. Over eight million tons of iron ore are mined here per year. For this reason there is also a branch of the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys in the city.
Education
editOne of the oldest kids music schools in the city is located in the city center, on Lenina Street.
Notable people
edit- Vasili Eroshenko, writer, translator, esperantist, linguist, poet and teacher.
- Alexander Emelianenko, mixed martial artist
- Fedor Emelianenko, mixed martial artist
- Denis Lebedev, boxer
Twin towns – sister cities
editStary Oskol is twinned with:[12]
Salzgitter, Germany (1987)
Asenovgrad, Bulgaria (1989)
Mänttä-Vilppula, Finland (1989)
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d Law #248
- ^ a b Charter of Starooskolsky Urban Okrug
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 14 440», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 14 440, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^ a b Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 14 252», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 14 252, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^ a b c Law #159
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ "Города-побратимы". oskolregion.ru (in Russian). Stary Oskol. Retrieved February 4, 2020.
Sources
edit- Белгородская областная Дума. Закон №248 от 15 декабря 2008 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Белгородской области», в ред. Закона №213 от 4 июля 2013 г. «О внесении изменения в Закон Белгородской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Белгородской области"». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования за исключением положений, для которых предусмотрены иные сроки вступления в силу. Опубликован: "Белгородские известия", №219-220, 19 декабря 2008 г. (Belgorod Oblast Duma. Law #248 of December 15, 2008 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Belgorod Oblast, as amended by the Law #213 of July 4, 2013 On Amending the Law of Belgorod Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Belgorod Oblast". Effective as of 10 days after the day of the official publication; except for the portions for which other effective dates are specified.).
- Белгородская областная Дума. Закон №159 от 20 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения, городского округа, муниципального района», в ред. Закона №244 от 4 декабря 2013 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 12 Закона Белгородской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения, городского округа, муниципального района"». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Белгородские известия", №218–220, 24 декабря 2004 г. (Belgorod Oblast Duma. Law #159 of December 20, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations and on Granting Them a Status of Urban, Rural Settlement, Urban Okrug, Municipal District, as amended by the Law #244 of December 4, 2013 On Amending Article 12 of the Law of Belgorod Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations and on Granting Them a Status of Urban, Rural Settlement, Urban Okrug, Municipal District". Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication.).
- Совет депутатов Старооскольского городского округа. Решение №24 от 21 февраля 2008 г. «Устав Старооскольского городского округа Белгородской области», в ред. Решения №533 от 25 февраля 2011 г «О внесении изменений в Устав Старооскольского городского округа Белгородской области». Вступил в силу с 6 марта 2008 г., за исключением положений, для которых главой XIV установлен иной порядок вступления их в силу. Опубликован: "Оскольский край", №28, 6 марта 2008 г. (Council of Deputies of Starooskolsky Urban Okrug. Decision #24 of February 21, 2008 Charter of Starooskolsky Urban Okrug of Belgorod Oblast, as amended by the Decision #533 of February 25, 2011 On Amending the Charter of Starooskolsky Urban Okrug of Belgorod Oblast. Effective as of March 6, 2008, with the exception of clauses for which Chapter XIV specifies other procedures of taking effect.).