Wikipedia

Bad (album)

(Redirected from Streetwalker (Michael Jackson song))
"Bad album" redirects here. For albums considered bad, see List of music considered the worst.
For the album by LL Cool J, see Bigger and Deffer.

Bad is the seventh studio album by the American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson. It was released on August 31, 1987, by Epic Records. Written and recorded between 1985 and 1987, Bad was Jackson's third and final collaboration with the producer Quincy Jones. Bad incorporates pop, dance, R&B, funk, soul, rock, and hard rock styles, and incorporated new recording technology, including digital synthesizers. Jackson adopted an edgier image and sound, departing from his signature groove-based style and falsetto. Jackson co-produced and composed all but two tracks, as the lyrical themes include self-improvement, romance, world peace, media bias, paranoia, and racial profiling. The album features appearances from Siedah Garrett and Stevie Wonder.

Bad
A man in his late twenties stands and looks forward. His hair is curly and black. He is wearing a black jacket that has several buckles and pants. The background is white and beside him are the words "Michael Jackson" in black capital letters, and over them, "Bad" in red.
Studio album by
Michael Jackson
ReleasedAugust 31, 1987 (1987-08-31)
RecordedJanuary 1985 – July 1987[1]
StudioWestlake, Los Angeles, California[2]
Genre
Length
  • 43:59 (LP version)
  • 48:40 (CD version)
LabelEpic
Producer
Michael Jackson chronology
Anthology
(1986) 		Bad
(1987) 		The Original Soul of Michael Jackson
(1987)
Singles from Bad
  1. "I Just Can't Stop Loving You"
    Released: July 20, 1987
  2. "Bad"
    Released: September 1987
  3. "The Way You Make Me Feel"
    Released: November 9, 1987
  4. "Man in the Mirror"
    Released: January 1988[3]
  5. "Dirty Diana"
    Released: April 18, 1988
  6. "Another Part of Me"
    Released: July 11, 1988
  7. "Smooth Criminal"
    Released: November 14, 1988
  8. "Leave Me Alone"
    Released: February 13, 1989[a]
  9. "Liberian Girl"
    Released: July 3, 1989[b][4]
  10. "Speed Demon"
    Released: September 4, 1989 (France)

Nine singles were released to promote Bad, including the record-breaking five US number ones, "I Just Can't Stop Loving You", "Bad", "The Way You Make Me Feel", "Man in the Mirror" and "Dirty Diana", and the top-10 hit "Smooth Criminal". It was also promoted with the film Moonwalker (1988), which included the music videos for several Bad songs. The Bad tour, Jackson's first solo world tour, grossed $125 million (equivalent to $322 million in 2023), making it the highest-grossing concert tour ever at the time. Jackson performed 123 concerts in 15 countries to an audience of 4.4 million.

Released nearly five years after Jackson's previous album, Thriller (1982), anticipation for Bad was high. It was an enormous commercial success, selling more than 2.25 million copies in its first week in the US as it reached number one on the Billboard Top Pop Albums chart, and went on to be certified 11× platinum. It also reached number one in 24 other countries, including the UK, where it sold 350,000 copies in its first week and was the best-selling album of 1987. The album received positive reviews, particularly for Jackson's vocals and the rich, more polished production. It has since been considered a staple of 1980s pop music, solidifying Jackson's status as a global superstar and being an extension of Jackson's influence on popular music.

Bad is one of the best-selling albums of all time having sold over 35 million copies worldwide, and was the best-selling album globally of both 1987 and 1988. Numerous publications have ranked it within the greatest albums of all time and it was nominated for six Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year. It won Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical and Best Music Video (for "Leave Me Alone"). Jackson also received several special awards in recognition of the album's success. In 2012, the album's 25th anniversary, an expanded reissue album, Bad 25, and a documentary film also titled Bad 25 were released.

Background

edit
 
Jackson's Bad era jacket on display at the Hollywood Guinness World Records Museum

By 1984, Jackson's sixth solo album, Thriller (1982) had been certified 20 times platinum for sales of 20 million copies in the United States alone.[5] Jackson was considered the most powerful African American in the history of the entertainment industry,[6] whose popularity was comparable only to Elvis Presley in the 1950s and the Beatles in the 1960s.[7] This intense level of fame Jackson was experiencing was dubbed 'Michaelmania'.[8]

The years following Thriller were marred by Jackson's rifts with his family and the Jehovah's Witnesses, broken friendships with celebrities, and the pressure of celebrity.[2] He spent 1985 out of the public eye,[6] but remained in the press due to eccentric behavior, including the adoption of Bubbles the chimpanzee.[9] Other rumors were false; this included the rumor that Jackson slept in a hyperbaric chamber.[9]

According to some associates, Jackson was nervous about completing his next album.[2] Ken Tucker of NPR Music claimed that there was almost no chance of Jackson's follow-up to Thriller selling as many records as Thriller did, and that the level of mass pop phenomenon experienced by Jackson during the Thriller era was unlikely to occur again.[10] In 2017, Newsweek wrote that following Thriller was "like following up the Bible".[11] Despite the doubts of Jackson ever matching the impact and commercial success that Thriller achieved, he aimed to sell 100 million copies with his next album.[6]

The album's title reference to the slang word, "bad", signified Jackson's departure from his previous boyish image to a more streetwise, mature persona.[12] Jackson reinvented his image for the Bad era, often wearing black, heavy buckle-designed clothing and metal-studded belts, which gave him a notably edgier look.[13][14][15]

Production and recording

edit

Bad was Jackson's final collaboration with producer Quincy Jones, who had produced Off the Wall and Thriller.[16] After Jackson had written a handful of the tracks on Off the Wall and Thriller, Jones encouraged him to write more for his followup. Jones recalled: "All the turmoil [in Jackson's life] was starting to mount up, so I said I thought it was time for him to do a very honest album."[17]

Jackson wanted to move in a new musical direction, with a harder edge and fiercer sound.[18] According to guitarist Steve Stevens, who featured on Bad, Jackson discussed about rock bands, including Mötley Crüe.[18] Jackson was eager to find innovative sounds and was interested in new music technology;[19] the production team made extensive use of new digital synthesizers, including FM synthesis and the Fairlight CMI and Synclavier PSMT synthesizers, sometimes combining synthesizers to create new sounds.[19] Other instruments used during the recording include guitars, organs, drums, bass, percussion and saxophones,[20] washboard and digital guitars.[20] In Lily Rothman's view of Time magazine, despite the task of matching Thriller being difficult, Jackson was more involved than ever in the artistic process of Bad.[21]

Jackson began recording demos in November 1983 while recording Victory with his brothers, the Jacksons.[1] He spent much of 1985 to 1987 writing and recording at his home studio in Encino, Los Angeles, with a group of musicians and engineers including Bill Bottrell known as the "B team".[22] The demos were brought to Westlake Studio to be finished by the "A team", with Jones and engineer Bruce Swedien.[22] Jones said the team would stay up for days on end when they "were on a roll": "They were carrying second engineers out on stretchers. I was smoking 180 cigarettes a day."[17]

Work was disrupted in July 1984, when Jackson embarked on the Victory Tour with his brothers.[1] Work resumed in January 1985 after Jackson had recorded his contributions to the charity single "We Are the World".[1] In mid-1985, work paused again so Jackson could prepare for Disney's 4D film experience Captain EO, which featured an early version of the Bad song "Another Part of Me".[1] Work resumed in August and continued until November 1986, when Jackson filmed the "Bad" music video.[1] Recording resumed in January 1987, and the album was completed in July.[1] Jackson wrote a reported 60 songs, and recorded 30, wanting to release them all on a three-disc set.[23] Jones suggested that the album be cut down to a ten-track single LP.[23] Jackson is credited for writing all but two songs;[23] other writing credits include Terry Britten and Graham Lyle for "Just Good Friends" and Siedah Garrett and Glen Ballard for "Man in the Mirror".[16]

Songs

edit

"Bad"

edit
Main article: Bad (Michael Jackson song)

"Bad" was recorded and written by Jackson in as late as October 1986.[24] It features drums played by John Robinson who had previously worked with Jackson and Jones on Off the Wall (1979).[16] According to Jackson, it was inspired by a true story that he had read about in a newspaper article about a boy who 'was from the ghetto' and went up to a private school in Upstate New York. When he came back, his friends got so jealous of him that they killed him; Jackson stated that the student's death was not included in the music video.[25] Various Jackson biographers have concluded that the story he was referring was that of Edmund Perry. However, Perry was not killed by kids in his neighborhood; he was killed by a plainclothes police officer when Perry and his brother allegedly attacked and badly beat the officer in a mugging attempt.[26][27][28]

"Bad" was originally planned as a duet between Jackson and Prince, after Jones suggested they record a song together.[29] Prince said in 1997 that he declined because of reservations he had with the opening line of the song: 'Your butt is mine'.[30] He instead offered Jackson "Wouldn't You Love To Love Me", a song he wrote, but Jackson rejected it.

"The Way You Make Me Feel"

edit
Main article: The Way You Make Me Feel

"The Way You Make Me Feel" was developed by Jackson in 1985 under the working title "Hot Fever". It was also solely written by him and co-produced with Jones.[16] It features horn arrangements by Jerry Hey of Seawind and other members of the group who had worked on Off the Wall and Thriller.[16]

"Speed Demon"

edit
Main article: Speed Demon (song)

"Speed Demon" was written and co-produced by Jackson in 1986.[31] According to Jones, Jackson wrote the song after he received a traffic ticket, which caused him to arrive late to the recording studio session.[32] The song begins with a racing-car intro, which was proposed by Christopher Currell, who plays the synclaiver on the song; he is credited for the sound effects.[32] Other musicians on the song include Greg Phillinganes on synthesizer and Paulinho da Costa on percussion.[16]

"Liberian Girl"

edit
Main article: Liberian Girl

Jackson wrote "Liberian Girl" as early as 1983 and it was originally set to be included on the Jacksons' 1984 album Victory until it was cut. Jackson then recorded the song for Bad. Jackson stated in a 1987 interview with Jet magazine, shortly after Bad was released, that the song came up to him while he was busy "playing pinball", then he "went quickly upstairs" to record it to tape, as he had always done with songs he had written.[25] It features synthesizer played by Michael Boddicker, who had also played on several songs on Thriller and the charity single "We Are the World".[16] The Toto members David Paich and Steve Porcaro, who had also previously worked on Thriller, provided synthesizer and synthesizer programming respectively.[16] The song also features a Swahili chant from South African jazz singer, Letta Mbulu.[16]

"Just Good Friends"

edit
Main article: Just Good Friends (song)

"Just Good Friends" is one of the two songs on the album which was not written by Jackson himself. It features Stevie Wonder and was written and composed by Terry Britten and Graham Lyle, recorded in 1987.[16][33] Wonder had previously worked on Off the Wall with Jackson and Jones, writing "I Can't Help It".[16] Wonder also plays the synthesizer solo on the song.[16] Michael Jackson returned the compliment to Stevie Wonder in September 1987 by recording "Get It" for Wonder's 1987 Characters album.

"Another Part of Me"

edit
Main article: Another Part of Me

"Another Part of Me" was written by Jackson in 1985 for the 3D science fiction short film Captain EO, directed by Francis Ford Coppola, which was released in 1986. "Another Part of Me" could be seen at the end of "Captain EO", as the title character and his crew triumphantly exit and fly off into space. Jackson revisited and edited the song in 1986 and it was decided to include it on the Bad album.[16]

"Man in the Mirror"

edit
Main article: Man in the Mirror

"Man in the Mirror" is also one of the two songs on the Bad album which was not written by Jackson. It was written by Siedah Garrett and Glen Ballard in 1987, after Jones invited a group of songwriters to a dinner at his home, asking them to 'write hits' for Jackson's new album.[16] Garrett came up with a line about a man looking in the mirror and Ballard came up with the melody; then they recorded a demo within a week.[34] The song, along with "I Just Can't Stop Loving You", was recorded in May 1987.[35] An excited Garrett called Jones while he was in a meeting, telling him that they had come up with a good song that would be a perfect fit for the album.[citation needed][34] At Jackson's request, Ballard and Garrett wrote a longer middle eight and modified the lyrics. Jones enlisted the Andraé Crouch choir to record gospel vocals.[16][34]

"I Just Can't Stop Loving You"

edit
Main article: I Just Can't Stop Loving You

"I Just Can't Stop Loving You" is a ballad style song, written by Jackson and recorded by Jackson and Garrett in May 1987.[36] Garrett was also the one who co-wrote Man in the Mirror. According to Jones, Jackson initially wanted Whitney Houston or Barbra Streisand to sing the duet with him. Streisand declined and Houston's label, Arista Records, thought it was "too risky" for her to do the collaboration, as she was in the process of promoting her then new album Whitney. It was the first time since 1979's Off the Wall that Jackson had collaborated with a female artist on a duet, which was "It's the Falling in Love" with Patti Austin. Jones produced the song with Jackson receiving co-producing credits, like on the rest of the album.[16]

"Dirty Diana"

edit
Main article: Dirty Diana

"Dirty Diana" is a hard rock song written and recorded by Jackson. The last time Jackson had written a rock song was 1982's Thriller with "Beat It". 'Dirty Diana' was noted for having lyrical themes such as the ones of Billie Jean.[37] Jackson sings about a woman who "likes the boys in the band", which may be a reference to the "groupies" he had previously said liked to hang out around him and his brothers, in the early days of the Jackson Five. The song has three verses and three bridges. It has, furthermore, a guitar solo by Billy Idol's guitarist, Steve Stevens. The song's outro ends with Jackson singing "come on" into a fade with "hey baby wontcha" in the ad-lib.[38]

"Smooth Criminal"

edit
Main article: Smooth Criminal

"Smooth Criminal" is noted as sinister and has been described by writers as one of Jackson's most captivating songs in his career.[39] It was produced by Jones and co-produced by Jackson, with Swedien being the engineer.[39] The song begins with a eerie heartbeat-like sound, setting the tone for the recurring theme of the track, and the lyrics immediately launch into a depiction of a crime scene, where a woman is assaulted in her apartment by a mysterious “smooth criminal.”[39] Jackson's repeated line, “Annie, are you OK?” draws inspiration from Resusci Anne, a mannequin used in CPR training. Jackson combined the common training question, “Are you OK?” with the mannequin's name, giving rise to this would be iconic lyric.[40]

Composition and lyrics

edit

Bad primarily incorporates pop, R&B, funk, and rock,[41][42] but also explores other genres such as soul[43] and hard rock.[44] Jon Pareles of The New York Times describes the album as a "gleaming, high-tech dance record".[45] The album is heavier and more "aggressive" than Thriller, with Jackson moving away from the heavy-groove sound and high-pitched vocals of his prior records.[22] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic noted that Bad moved Jackson "deeper into hard rock, deeper into schmaltzy adult contemporary, deeper into hard dance – essentially taking each portion of Thriller to an extreme, while increasing the quotient of immaculate studiocraft."[44] Upon listening to the album prior to its release, Howard Applebaum, who was one of 50 people invited to Jackson's Encino home to listen to it, described it as "kind of a stretch within the genre of contemporary hit radio and urban music. It's cooler sounding, a little more jazzy in spots".[46]

The lyrics relate to romance and paranoia, the latter being a recurring theme in Jackson's albums.[44] "Bad" was originally intended as a duet between Jackson and Prince (and Jackson had also planned duets with Diana Ross, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin and Barbra Streisand).[47] The song was viewed as a revived "Hit the Road Jack" progression with lyrics that pertain to boasting.[37] "Dirty Diana" was viewed by AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine as misogynistic[44] and its lyrics describing a sexual predator do not aim for the "darkness" of "Billie Jean", instead sounding equally intrigued by and apprehensive of a sexual challenge, while having the opportunity to accept or resist it.[37] "Leave Me Alone" was described as a "paranoid anthem".[44] "Man in the Mirror" was seen as Jackson going "a step further" and offering "a straightforward homily of personal commitment", which can be seen in the lyrics, "I'm starting with the man in the mirror / I'm asking him to change his ways / And no message could have been any clearer / If you wanna make the world a better place / Take a look at yourself and then make a change."[37]

The lyrics to "Liberian Girl" were viewed as "glistening" with "gratitude" for the "existence of a loved one",[37] while those to "Smooth Criminal" recalled "the popcorn-chomping manner" of "Thriller".[37] The track was thought of as an example of "Jackson's free-form language" that keeps people "aware that we are on the edge of several realities: the film, the dream it inspires, the waking world it illuminates".[37] The music in "I Just Can't Stop Loving You", a duet with Siedah Garrett, consisted mainly of finger snaps and timpani.[37] "Just Good Friends" is a duet with Stevie Wonder;[37] Jones admitted later: "I made a mistake with ['Just Good Friends']. That didn't work."[17]

Jackson's mother, Katherine Jackson, wanted him to write an R&B song with a shuffle rhythm for the album, which came to be "The Way You Make Me Feel".[20] The song consists of blues harmonies[48] and a jazz-like tone,[20] comparable to the classic Motown sound of the 1960s.[20] The lyrics of "Another Part of Me" deal with being united, as "we".[48] Critics Richard Cromelin (from the Los Angeles Times)[49] and Richard Harrington (from The Washington Post) associated the song's lyrics with the Harmonic Convergence phenomenon that occurred around the time of the album's release, with Harrington highlighting the verse: "The planets are lining up / We're bringing brighter days / They're all in line / Waiting for you / Can't you see? / You're just another part of me".[50]

Release and commercial reception

edit

The anticipation for Bad was extremely high, with journalists from Slant Magazine and Miami Herald, respectively, asserting it as the most anticipated album in history.[51][52][53][54][54] Michael Goldberg and David Handelman had predicted that "If Bad sells 'only' 10 million copies, that will be more than virtually any other record but could be viewed as a failure for Michael Jackson".[55] Released on August 31, 1987,[48][56] a brief second wave of 'Michaelmania' took place as fans around the US rushed to purchase Bad.[57] A manager at a US record store compared the intense demand for Bad to the demand that Bruce Springsteen's Live 1975–85 experienced the previous year and the Beatles' debut album Please Please Me experienced in July 1987 (released in the US for the first time).[57]

In the US, Bad debuted at number one on the Billboard Top Pop Albums chart, selling over 2.25 million copies in its first week, which made it the fastest-selling album in US history at the time.[58][59] It remained there for six consecutive weeks,[60] and nine months after its release it was certified 6× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), already equalling the US sales of Off the Wall.[61] However, some in the US media labelled the album a disappointment due to it largely falling short of the sales that Thriller achieved in the country.[62][63][64] Jackson's manager, Frank DiLeo, said that he and Jackson were happy with the results of Bad. In DiLeo's view, “Americans like to build ‘em up and tear ‘em down", further saying "I’m sure that affected us. But we did the best we could.”[65] In 2021, the album was certified 11× platinum by the RIAA, making it Jackson's second-most successful album in the US.[58][66][67][68][69][70]

Whilst the hysteria of 'Michaelmania' seemingly diminished in the US, overseas it was still in full bloom.[71] Bad became the fastest-selling album of all time following its release, with sales of over 7 million copies worldwide in its first week.[72] Besides the US, the album reached number one in 24 other countries,[73] including Austria, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. It also charted at No. 13 in Mexico and at No. 22 in Portugal. Within a year of its release, Bad was established as a blockbuster,[74][75] selling around 18 million copies;[76][77][78] this made Jackson the top-selling artist worldwide of 1988.[76] It was the best-selling album worldwide of 1987[78] and of 1988. By 1989, sales of Bad reached 20 million,[76] and by 1991 it was the second-best-selling album of all time, behind Thriller, having sold 25 million copies.[79][80] As of today, the album has sold over 35 million copies worldwide, which ranks it within the top 10 best-selling albums ever.[81][82][83]

In the UK, Bad was greatly successful; it debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart with 350,000 copies sold in first week sales, a record at that time.[84] Bad achieved sales of 1.6 million copies under four months in UK, and in the following year it sold 980,000 copies. It was the UK's best-selling album of 1987[85] and third best-selling album of 1989.[86] Today, Bad is certified 14 times platinum in the UK with sales of 4.2 million, making it Jackson's second best-selling album there.[87] Bad was also a standout success in France, selling 1.4 million copies; this makes it Diamond certified in the country. It was certified seven times platinum for the shipment of over 700,000 copies in Canada by the Canadian Recording Industry Association.[88]

In Europe, the 2001 reissue was certified platinum by the IFPI for the sales of one million units.[89] The album was also certified platinum by the IFPI for the shipment of over 20,000 copies in Hong Kong.[90]

Promotion

edit
Main articles: Moonwalker and Bad (tour)
 
Fans in West Berlin lining up for the Bad tour concert on June 19, 1988

The marketing strategy for Bad was modeled on that for Thriller.[58] Like the first Thriller single, "The Girl Is Mine", the first Bad single, "I Just Can't Stop Loving You", was a ballad duet, followed by two "more obvious modern pop knockouts" backed by music videos.[58]

A commemorative special on Jackson's life, The Magic Returns, aired on CBS during prime time on the day of the release of Bad. At the end of the documentary, the channel debuted the short film for "Bad", directed by Martin Scorsese and featuring Wesley Snipes.[48] The marketing strategy, mastered by DiLeo among others, also included Jackson producing another mini-movie around the time of the Bad world tour. That film, Moonwalker (1988), included performances of songs from Bad, including "Speed Demon", "Leave Me Alone", "Man in the Mirror" and "Smooth Criminal", the latter two released as sole videos at the end of the film.[91] The film also included the music video for "Come Together", with the song featuring seven years later on HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I. It became the bestselling home video of all time.[92]

Sponsored by Pepsi, the Bad tour began in Japan, marking Jackson's first performances there since 1972 with the Jackson 5.[93] Attendance figures for the first 14 dates in Japan totaled a record-breaking 450,000.[94] Jackson performed seven sold-out shows at Wembley Stadium, beating the previous record held by Madonna, Bruce Springsteen and Genesis. The third concert on July 16, 1988, was attended by Diana, Princess of Wales and Prince Charles.[95] Jackson was entered into the Guinness World Records three times from the tour alone. The Bad tour was a major financial success, grossing $125 million.[96][97] Jackson performed 123 concerts in 15 countries to an audience of 4.4 million.[98] The tour set records for both the largest grossing tour in history and the largest paid attendance.[99]

Jackson performed two songs – “The Way You Make Me Feel” and “Man in the Mirror” – at the 1988 Grammy Awards, having declined to perform during the Thriller era in 1984.[100] According to Paul Grein of Billboard, Jackson's performance at the show stands as "Exhibit A to anyone who wants proof of his artistry and command when he was at the peak of his powers."[101] Robert Hilburn of the Los Angeles Times described it as "one of the most striking performances ever by a pop performer on national television".[102] "Man in the Mirror" was nominated for Record of the Year a year later at the 1989 Grammy Awards.[103]

Singles

edit

"I Just Can't Stop Loving You", a duet with Siedah Garrett, was the lead single. It peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and also reached number one in Belgium, Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, the UK and Zimbabwe.[104]

 
Jackson performing the US number-one hit "The Way You Make Me Feel" on tour

"Bad" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, and remained there for two weeks, becoming the album's second number-one single, and Jackson's eighth number one entry on the chart. It also peaked at number one on the Hot R&B Singles, Hot Dance Club Play and Rhythmic chart. Internationally, the song was also commercially successful, charting at the top of the charts in seven other countries including Ireland, Italy, Norway, Spain, and the Netherlands.

"The Way You Make Me Feel" was the third consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number-one and reached number one in Ireland and Spain. "Man in the Mirror" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and in Canada and Italy.[citation needed]

On July 2, 1988, "Dirty Diana" became the record-breaking fifth Billboard Hot 100 number-one single from Bad.[105] Jackson was the first artist in history to achieve five number-one singles on the Hot 100 from one album.[106] In recognition of this achievemnent, Epic Records released a promotional poster including the text 'NO ONE'S EVER BEEN THIS BAD'.[106] Before the start of the Wembley Stadium show during the Bad tour in 1988, Diana, Princess of Wales, who was in attendance, informed Jackson that it was one of her favorite songs.[107]

"Another Part of Me" achieved less success, reaching number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100, but topped the R&B singles chart.[108][109] Like Jackson's earlier songs in his career such as "Can You Feel It" and "We Are the World", the lyrics of the song emphasize global unity, love and outreach.[110]

"Smooth Criminal" became the sixth top 10 single on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number seven.[108] The song reached number one in Belgium, Iceland, the Netherlands and Spain.[111] Though it was not one of the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles, in retrospective reviews it has been acclaimed as one of the best songs on Bad and one of Jackson's signature songs.[112]

Released outside the United States and Canada, "Leave Me Alone" topped the Irish charts[113] and reached the top ten in five other countries.[114] "Leave Me Alone" was Jackson's response to negative and exaggerated rumors about him that frequently appeared in the tabloids post-1985 after the success of Thriller.[115] The music video was the recipient of Best Music Video at the 1990 Grammy Awards.[103]

The album's final single, "Liberian Girl", did not chart on the Billboard Hot 100, but reached the top 20 in various countries and reached number one in Ireland.[116] The song has been sampled and covered by various artists including Chico Freeman, 2Pac and MC Lyte.[117]

Bad's record of five number-one singles was tied by American singer Katy Perry's Teenage Dream in 2012; Perry remains the only artist to have matched this feat.[118] In the UK, seven of the Bad singles reached the UK top ten which was a record for any studio album for over 20 years.[119]

Notable covers

edit

In 1988, "Weird Al" Yankovic recorded "Fat", a parody of "Bad", which won a Grammy Award for Best Concept Music Video at the 1989 Grammy Awards.[120]

In 2001, hard rock band Alien Ant Farm released a cover of "Smooth Criminal" for their second album, Anthology. Their cover peaked at no. 1 in Australia, where it remained for eight weeks.[121] It also peaked in the top ten of 14 European countries, including the United Kingdom,[122] Germany,[123] Sweden,[124] and Switzerland,[125] and peaked at no. 23 on the Hot 100.[126]

Critical reception

edit
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic     [44]
Blender     [127]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music     [128]
Entertainment WeeklyB+[129]
Los Angeles Times    [49]
MusicHound R&B     [130]
The Philadelphia Inquirer    [131]
Rolling Stone     [37]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide     [132]
The Village VoiceB+[133]

Bad received generally strong reviews upon its release. Jay Cocks for Time praised Jackson's vocals on Bad, lauding Jackson as a great singer and that his vocal stunts on tracks like "Dirty Diana" or "Speed Demon" are as "nimble and fanciful" as any of his dance moves.[134] Cocks also highlights "Man in the Mirror" vocally as a "remarkable dramatic performance", considering it one of the finest achievements in Jackson's career.[134] The Village Voice critic Robert Christgau was also of high praise, writing that Bad is "the strongest and most consistent black pop album in years", attributing this to its "studio mastery" and Jackson's "rhythmic and vocal power". However, Christgau lamented the album's lack of "genius" in the vein of "Beat It" or "Billie Jean".[135]

Richard Harrington of The Washington Post felt that while the album could not live up to post-Thriller expectations, it would be "considerably fairer to compare" Bad with Off the Wall. His overall opinion on Bad was that it was "a very good record" that is "immaculately produced and with some scintillating vocal performances from Jackson".[136] Richard Cromelin of the Los Angeles Times called Bad "a fair-to-strong array of soul and rock blends", commenting that the record was "not bad" and was more "reminiscent of Off the Wall's uniform strength than Thriller's peaks and valleys". Cromelin felt that it would be "disappointing" if this album's "creative level" is where Jackson wants to stay.[137]

Rolling Stone's Davitt Sigerson was on the contrary, as he viewed Bad as a better album than Thriller, despite it not featuring a milestone recording like "Billie Jean". He believed the filler, such as "Speed Demon", "Dirty Diana" and "Liberian Girl", made Bad "richer, sexier and better than Thriller's forgettables."[138] In USA Today, Edna Gundersen called it Jackson's "most polished effort to date", that is "calculated but not sterile".[139] In a contemporary review for The New York Times, Pareles called Bad "a well-made, catchy dance record by an enigmatic pop star". He said while nothing on the record compared to "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'", the music's "concocted synthesizer-driven arrangements" were "clear" and carried "a solid kick".[48] Writing for NPR Music, Tucker also called Bad a good album, noting that the best aspect of the album is the "rough, upbeat" music, especially in comparison to Jackson's previous releases.[10]

In a retrospective comment in 2009, VH1 said that the expectations for Bad were "ridiculously high", noting that there was also further hype after Jackson planned duets with the likes of Prince; Whitney Houston; Aretha Franklin and Barbra Streisand. VH1 credited Bad for being a "deeply personal project" for Jackson – he wrote nine of the 11 songs – and one that saw him gain further independence and debut a harder-edged look and sound.[140]

Awards

edit

At the 1988 Grammy Awards, Bad was nominated for Grammy Awards for Album of the Year, Best Pop Vocal Performance – Male, Best R&B Vocal Performance – Male, and Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical.[141] Jackson's nominations was the tied-most by a pop act.[142] The album won Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical, which went to the producers. Jackson leaving the ceremony empty handed was the subject of media attention;[102][143] American entertainer Little Richard, who was at the ceremony, said "I'm shocked. I'm stunned [...] I think a lot of people are. Oooh, Michael!".[143] Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Hilburn said Jackson deserved to win at least one of the Vocal Performance awards, but not the award that he most coveted, Album of the Year, which U2's The Joshua Tree (1987) won.[102] Hilburn further praised the Grammy Awards' maturity for not allowing Jackson’s huge commercial success and fame lead him to an Album of the Year win.[102] The following year Bad was nominated for Record of the Year for "Man in the Mirror",[144] and in 1990 won for Best Music Video – Short Form (for "Leave Me Alone").[145]

Despite the lack of Grammy Awards for Jackson, he won numerous other awards for Bad. "Bad" won an American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Song at the 1988 American Music Awards.[146] At the 1988 Soul Train Music Awards, the album won Best R&B/Soul Album – Male and "Bad" won Best R&B/Soul Single – Male. The following year, "Man in the Mirror" also won Best R&B/Soul Single – Male. The album won Outstanding Album at the 1988 NAACP Image Awards.[147] At the 1988 Brit Awards, Jackson was also awarded the International Solo Artist award.[148] At the 1989 Brit Awards, Jackson was awarded the inaugural International Male Solo Artist award, and "Smooth Criminal" won British Video of the Year.[149]

 
Jackson and U.S. President George H. W. Bush at the White House, where he was celebrated as the "Artist of the Decade"

Special awards

edit

Jackson received several special awards in recognition of his success during the Bad era. In 1988, he was honored with Billboard's first Spotlight Award for being the first artist in history to achieve five number one singles on the Hot 100 from a single album.[150]

The record-breaking Bad tour, as well as the album's chart and commercial achievements, earned Jackson the Lifetime Achievement Award at the American Music Awards of 1989[151] and the Heritage Lifetime Achievement Award at the 1989 Soul Train Music Awards.[152] Before awarding Jackson the Heritage Lifetime Achievement Award, Elizabeth Taylor dubbed him the "true king of pop, rock, and soul".[153]

Following the appraisal of the music videos of the singles from Bad, along with his previous music videos throughout the 1980s, Jackson was awarded the MTV Video Vanguard Artist of the Decade Award.[154] On April 5, 1990, Jackson arrived at the White House, where he was congratulated by U.S. President George H. W. Bush on being named as the "Artist of the Decade" by the Capital Children's Museum following his continued dominance during the Bad era.[155]

Legacy

edit

Reappraisals

edit
 
Graffiti of Jackson during the Bad era in Valencia, Spain

Ranked as the best album of 1987 by Consequence Of Sound, Bad captured a "bigger, bolder, and far more vital" Jackson who emphasised important topics, including racial injustices and world peace, according to the publication.[156] Newsweek credits Bad with defining the sound of pop music in the late 1980s, along with Madonna's Like a Prayer (1989) and Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 (1989).[11] In a retrospective review for BBC Music, Mike Diver regards Bad as a standout event of 1980s pop culture, comparing its importance to the rise of the Walkman, the Back to the Future movies, and the shooting of JR. According to Diver, it was an album that was popular in all record collections, from "rockers and poppers" to "punks and poets". Diver also praised the album for being the "best of the best [of its time]" and an "essential pop masterpiece".[74]

Writing for Billboard, Gail Mitchell wrote that Bad is "one of the most important pop albums of the late '80s, and one of the most successful albums in Billboard chart history".[157] Joseph Vogel was enthusiastic about the record: "On Bad, Jackson's music is largely about creating moods, visceral emotions, and fantastical scenarios....[with] each song work[ing] as a dream capsule, inviting the listener into a vivid new sound, story, space." He called Bad "a compelling, phantasmagorical album, which a handful of critics recognized from the beginning."[158] Erika Ramirez of Billboard highlighted "Another Part of Me" and "Man in the Mirror" for showcasing Jackson as a "caring humanitarian" and emphasizing world unity.[159]

Like Thriller, the album also improved the standard for innovation in music videos following the success of the music videos for "Smooth Criminal" and "Leave Me Alone".[22] A professor at Louisiana State University asserts that the "Bad" music video revolutionized the traditional understanding of masculinity, particularly amongst Black American men.[160] According to the professor, Jackson embraced dominant hyper-aggressiveness, yet simultaneously challenged this traditional position by creating an alternative form of masculinity. Jackson emphasized a sense of optimism about the future and distorted conventional notions of sexuality by presenting a dual image: a masculine self, indicated by clothing that suggested toughness, alongside a feminine aspect, expressed through his effeminate hairstyle and use of make-up.[160]

Comparisons to Off the Wall and Thriller

edit
Bad - 25th Anniversary Remaster (2012)
Review scores
SourceRating
Entertainment WeeklyA[161]
Rolling Stone     [162]
Drowned in Sound9/10[163]
PopMatters7/10[164]

Writing for The Quietus, David Bennun argues that whilst Thriller may be considered Jackson's greatest album, Bad "changed pop music forever".[165] Bennun claims that in the decades since its release, "we have never ceased to hear things that sound like Bad", highlighting the likes of Usher, Justin Timberlake, and Bruno Mars as examples.[165] Smooth Radio named Bad as Jackson's greatest album, claiming that it tops Thriller because "as a whole it all fits together just that little bit better", and that Jackson had transformed into his peak as an entertainer.[166] In an article titled 'Bad: Better than Thriller', Annie Zalski of Salon said that Bad compares very favorably to Thriller, describing the album as far more "muscular and sculpted".[167] Jim Farber of the Daily News wrote that Bad took aspects of Off the Wall and Thriller to create Jackson's "most smooth work of pop to date".[168]

In an article for The Root, Matthew Allen claimed that Bad was the start of Jackson's three-year "prime" in his "vocals, songwriting, producing, performing and video output". Allen also regarded the album as "[doubling] down on the edge" of Thriller in both subject matter and instrumental arrangement.[169] Writing for Albumism, Chris Lacy considered Bad possibly being superior to Off the Wall and Thriller: "Comparisons with Off the Wall and Thriller are unimportant, except for this one: Bad is a pure pop masterpiece that stands parallel with—and, at times, eclipses—its classic predecessors." Lacy also stated that Bad set a "new gold standard for pop music and entertainment".[170]

According to Jayson Rodriguez of MTV, "following the twin cannons that were Off the Wall and Thriller wouldn't be an easy task for most, but Jackson's follow-up, 1987's Bad, was formidable by all accounts."[63] Rodriguez also felt that Bad was "wrongfully dismissed by critics because it wasn't the sales blockbuster that Thriller was" and that during the Bad era, Jackson's vocal hiccups and stammered "shamone" would become staples in his music that were "heightening and highlighting the emotion of his lyrics."[63]

21st-century appeal

edit
 
A Bad era wax figure of Jackson at Madame Tussauds

Twenty-five years after its release, the filmmaker Spike Lee said that Bad sounds the "freshest" compared to other Billboard 200 number-one albums released in 1987, such as U2's The Joshua Tree, Bruce Springsteen's Tunnel of Love and Whitney Houston's Whitney: "Go to the charts ... and see what were the top albums 25 years ago, play those albums now and then play Bad, and then see which one still sounds fresh and doesn't sound dated."[171] Reflecting in 2022, 35 years after its release, Marcus Floyd wrote for Renowned for Sound that "you can still hear why Bad was the singer's [Jackson] second best selling album [...] Bad will always be a fan favourite and one of Michael Jackson's most influential and ear-tantalising albums released over his extraordinary career."[172]

Following the 30th anniversary of the album's release, Kendall Fisher of E! Online regarded it as having an impact on contemporary artists; "Essentially, [Bad] epitomized the massive influence [Jackson] had on many of today's biggest artists."[173] The American musician Kanye West claimed that Jackson's outfit in the "Bad" video is "far more influential" than Jackson's outfit in the "Thriller" video. West also said "I almost dress like that [Jackson's outfit in the "Bad" video] today."[174] The American rapper Ludacris, who featured in the Canadian singer Justin Bieber's song "Baby", said that the "Baby" music video was intended to be "a 2010 version" of "The Way You Make Me Feel".[175] MTV noted that the choreography used "a few of Jackson's less-suggestive moves".[176]

In 2018, Jackson's Bad era worn jacket, showcased on the album cover, sold for $298,000 at a New York auction, about three times its original asking price.[177]

Rankings

edit

Having been ranked ranked number 202 on Rolling Stone's 2003 list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time[178] and 203 in a 2012 revised list,[179] Bad moved up to 194 in a 2020 list.[180] In NME's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list, Bad was ranked number 204.[181] It was also included in the book titled 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[182] In 2009, VH1 listed Bad at number 43 on their list of 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation.[183] In 2012, Slant Magazine ranked the album at number 48 on its list of The 100 Best Albums of the 1980s.[184] In 2017, Bad was named the best album of 1987 by Consequence Of Sound.[156] Billboard ranked Bad at number 138 on its list of the Greatest of All Time Billboard 200 Albums.[185] It was ranked number 30 in Billboard's list of the Greatest of All Time R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, out of 100 albums.[186] Billboard's critics ranked it the 41st best album on its list of all 92 diamond-certified albums.[187]

Accolades

edit
Organization Country Accolade Year Source
Grammy Awards United States Best Engineered Recording – Non-Classical for Bruce Swedien (1988) and Best Music Video for "Leave Me Alone" (1990) 1988/90 [188][189]
American Music Awards United States Favorite R&B Song for "Bad" 1988 [146]
Billboard United States Spotlight Award 1988 [citation needed]
Quintessence Editions United Kingdom 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die 2003 [182]
VH1 United States 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation (Ranked No. 43) 2009 [183]
NME United Kingdom The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time (Ranked No. 204) 2013 [181]
Billboard United States Greatest of All Time Billboard 200 Albums (Ranked No. 138) 2015 [185]
Rolling Stone United States 500 Greatest Albums of All Time (Ranked No. 194) 2020 [180]

Bad 25

edit
Main article: Bad 25

It was announced on May 3, 2012, that Jackson's estate and Epic Records would be releasing a 25th anniversary album of Bad. The album was named Bad 25 and was released on September 18, 2012.[190] Since the release of Bad 25, there has been a discontinuation of the 2001 special edition.

Track listing

edit

All tracks are produced by Quincy Jones and co-produced by Michael Jackson.

All tracks are written by Jackson except where noted.

Side one
No.TitleLength
1."Bad"4:07
2."The Way You Make Me Feel"4:59
3."Speed Demon"4:01
4."Liberian Girl"3:54
5."Just Good Friends" (featuring Stevie Wonder) (Terry Britten, Graham Lyle)4:08
Side two
No.TitleLength
6."Another Part of Me"3:55
7."Man in the Mirror" (Siedah Garrett, Glen Ballard)5:19
8."I Just Can't Stop Loving You" (featuring Siedah Garrett)4:25
9."Dirty Diana"4:52
10."Smooth Criminal"4:19
11."Leave Me Alone" (CD, digital, and 2001 cassette bonus track)4:40
Total length:48:39

Personnel

edit

Personnel as listed in the album's liner notes are:[16]

Charts

edit

Certifications and sales

edit
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[237] 6× Platinum 420,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[238] 4× Platinum 200,000*
Brazil
sales as of 1991 		— 1,000,000[239]
Canada (Music Canada)[240] 7× Platinum 700,000^
China — 500,000[241]
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[242] 4× Platinum 80,000‡
Finland (Musiikkituottajat)[243] Gold 51,287[243]
France (SNEP)[245] Diamond 1,400,000[244]
Germany (BVMI)[246] 4× Platinum 2,000,000^
Hong Kong (IFPI Hong Kong)[247] Platinum 20,000*
India — 200,000[248]
Ireland — 120,000[249]
Israel[250] Gold 20,000[250]
Italy
sales as of 1995 		— 1,000,000[251]
Italy (FIMI)[252]
sales since 2009 		2× Platinum 100,000‡
Japan (RIAJ)[254] Gold 1,300,000[253]
Mexico (AMPROFON)[255] Platinum+Gold 350,000^
Netherlands (NVPI)[257] Platinum 500,000[256]
New Zealand (RMNZ)[258] 9× Platinum 135,000^
Norway (IFPI Norway)[259] Platinum 100,000[259]
Portugal (AFP)[260] Platinum 40,000^
Singapore
1987 sales 		— 30,000[261]
Singapore (RIAS)[262] Gold 5,000*
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[263] 3× Platinum 300,000^
Sweden (GLF)[264] 2× Platinum 200,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[259] 2× Platinum 100,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[265] 14× Platinum 4,200,000‡
United States (RIAA)[266] 11× Platinum 11,000,000‡
Summaries
Europe
1987 sales 		— 6,700,000[267]
Europe (IFPI)[268]
For sales in 2009 		Platinum 1,000,000*
Worldwide
1987-1991 Sales 		— 19,000,000[269]
Worldwide — 35,000,000[81]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

See also

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ The song was released as a single outside of Canada and the United States.[4]
  2. ^ The song was released as a single outside of Canada and the United States

References

edit

Citations

edit
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Smallcombe 2016, pp. 220–296.
  2. ^ a b c Troupe, Quincy (June 25, 2014). "Michael Jackson's 1987 Cover Story: 'The Pressure to Beat It'". Spin. Archived from the original on November 16, 2015. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
  3. ^ Sullivan, Steve (2017). Encyclopedia of Great Popular Song Recordings. Vol. 3 & 4. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-5449-7. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Lecocq, Richard; Allard, François (2018). "Bad". Michael Jackson All the Songs: The Story Behind Every Track. London, England: Cassell. ISBN 978-1-78840-057-2. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved May 31, 2020.
  5. ^ "Gold & Platinum: Michael Jackson – Thriller". Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Vogel, Joseph (September 10, 2012). "How Michael Jackson Made 'Bad'". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on December 18, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  7. ^ Jones, Jel D. Lewis (2005). Michael Jackson, the King of Pop: The Big Picture: the Music! the Man! the Legend! the Interviews: An Anthology. Amber Books. p. 48. ISBN 0-9749779-0-X. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  8. ^ "June 20, 1984: Michaelmania: To Jackson Look-Alikes, Imitation Is Form of Flattery—and a Job". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
  9. ^ a b "In Pictures: A Forbes History Of Michael Jackson's Earnings". Forbes. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
  10. ^ a b Tucker, Ken (September 3, 1987). "'Bad': Michael Jackson's New LP Isn't". NPR Music.
  11. ^ a b Schonfeld, Zach (August 31, 2017). "Michael Jackson's 'Bad' at 30: Every song, ranked from best to worst". Newsweek. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  12. ^ "Spike Lee on the secrets of Michael Jackson's Bad". www.thetimes.com. September 15, 2012. Retrieved November 25, 2024.
  13. ^ "Michael Jackson's 10 Most Iconic Looks". People.com. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
  14. ^ Handelman, Michael Goldberg,David (September 24, 1987). "Is Michael Jackson For Real?". Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 12, 2024.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Tribune, Chicago (August 30, 1987). "MICHAEL JACKSON'S GOOD NEWS/'BAD' NEWS". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Bad: Special Edition (booklet). Epic Records. 2001.
  17. ^ a b c Leight, Elias (August 30, 2017). "Quincy Jones Looks Back on the Making of Michael Jackson's 'Bad'". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on October 16, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  18. ^ a b Appel, Stacey (2012). Michael Jackson Style. Omnibus Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-85712-787-7. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  19. ^ a b Vogel, Joseph (September 10, 2012). "How Michael Jackson Made 'Bad'". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on December 18, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  20. ^ a b c d e Lecocq, Richard; Allard, François (2018). "Bad". Michael Jackson All the Songs: The Story Behind Every Track. London, England: Cassell. ISBN 978-1-78840-057-2. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved May 31, 2020.
  21. ^ Rothman, Lily (August 22, 2012). "Michael Jackson's 'Bad' Turns 25". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  22. ^ a b c d Murph, John (September 19, 2012). "Michael Jackson's 'Bad' Just Wasn't That Good". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
  23. ^ a b c "Michael Jackson's Life & Legacy: The Eccentric King of Pop (1986–1999)". VH1. June 7, 2009. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011.
  24. ^ Lecocq, Richard; Allard, François (2018). "Bad". Michael Jackson All the Songs: The Story Behind Every Track. London, England: Cassell. pp. 438–40. ISBN 978-1-78840-057-2. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  25. ^ a b Michael: In His Own Words Archived July 23, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Exclusive Ebony/Jet Showcase Bad Interview. Hulu.com. 1988.
  26. ^ Dyson, Michael Eric. The Michael Eric Dyson Reader. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2004
  27. ^ Taraborrelli, J. Randy. Michael Jackson: The Magic, The Madness, The Whole Story, 1958–2009. New York: Hachette Book Group, 2009.
  28. ^ Jackson 1988
  29. ^ "Michael Jackson's Life & Legacy: The Eccentric King Of Pop (1986–1999)". VH1.com. Viacom. Archived from the original on March 6, 2010. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  30. ^ "Chris Rock Found Out Why Prince Turned Down Michael Jackson's BAD In 1997". Comedy Hype. April 21, 2016. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
  31. ^ Lecocq, Richard; Allard, François (2018). "Bad". Michael Jackson All the Songs: The Story Behind Every Track. London, England: Cassell. pp. 456–58. ISBN 978-1-78840-057-2. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
  32. ^ a b Pareles, Jon (September 3, 1987). "Critic's Notebook; How Good Is Jackson's 'Bad'?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  33. ^ Lecocq, Richard (2018). Michael Jackson All the Songs: The Story Behind Every Track. London, England: Cassell. p. 1134. ISBN 978-1-78840-057-2.
  34. ^ a b c "Story of the Song: Man in the Mirror, Michael Jackson 1987". The Independent. December 10, 2010. Archived from the original on July 1, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  35. ^ Michael Goldberg; David Handelman (September 24, 1987). "Is Michael Jackson For Real?". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 9, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  36. ^ Michael Goldberg; David Handelman (September 24, 1987). "Is Michael Jackson For Real?". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 9, 2016. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Sigerson, Davitt (October 22, 1987). "Michael Jackson – Bad". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  38. ^ All information can be found on YouTube, on the "BAD 25" documentary.
  39. ^ a b c Smooth Criminal - Michael Jackson | AllMusic, retrieved November 17, 2024
  40. ^ D'Amico, Anna (November 3, 2021). "Behind the Song: "Smooth Criminal" by Michael Jackson". American Songwriter. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  41. ^ Gee, Catherine (November 30, 2012). "Michael Jackson: how Thriller and Bad changed music". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
  42. ^ McNulty, Bernadette (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson's music: the solo albums". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  43. ^ Cromelin, Richard (August 31, 1987). "Michael Jackson has a good thing in 'Bad'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 29, 2009. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
  44. ^ a b c d e f Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Michael Jackson – Bad". AllMusic. Archived from the original on November 10, 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2011.
  45. ^ Pareles, Jon (August 31, 1987). "POP: MICHAEL JACKSON'S 'BAD,' FOLLOW-UP TO A BLOCKBUSTER". The New York Times.
  46. ^ Harrington, Richard (July 29, 1987). "MICHAEL JACKSON'S GILT EDGE". The Washington Post.
  47. ^ "Michael Jackson's Life & Legacy: The Eccentric King of Pop (1986–1999)". VH1. June 7, 2009. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011.
  48. ^ a b c d e Pareles, Jon (August 31, 1987). "Pop: Michael Jackson's 'Bad,' Follow-Up to a Blockbuster". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  49. ^ a b Cromelin, Richard (December 13, 1987). "Unsilent Nights. . . : Four Stars Being Best, a Guide to the Top 40". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 18, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
  50. ^ Harrington, Richard (August 31, 1987). "Jackson's 'Bad' Looking Good". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2018.
  51. ^ Slant Staff (April 13, 2020). "The 10 Best Albums of 1987". Slant Magazine. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  52. ^ "A Look Back". Miami Herald. June 26, 2009. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  53. ^ Christman, Ed (August 31, 2017). "How Michael Jackson's 'Bad' Became the First Album To Notch Five Billboard Hot 100 No. 1s". Billboard. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  54. ^ a b Interviews, Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & (August 27, 2012). "Who's Bad? - Michael Jackson's Classic Album At 25". Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & Interviews. Retrieved November 11, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  55. ^ Goldberg, Michael; Handelman, David (September 24, 1987). "Is Michael Jackson For Real?". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  56. ^ Campbell 1993, p. 153.
  57. ^ a b "Album 'Bad' By Jackson Starts Flurry". The New York Times. September 1, 1987.
  58. ^ a b c d Unterberger, Andrew; Christman, Ed (August 31, 2017). "How Michael Jackson's 'Bad' Became the First Album to Notch Five Billboard Hot 100 No. 1s". Billboard. Archived from the original on July 8, 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  59. ^ Farley, Chris (September 3, 1987). "Will Good Sales Last for the 'Bad' Album?". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on April 28, 2022. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  60. ^ "'Bad' Sales Not Bad, but Some Hoped for More". Los Angeles Times. November 6, 1987. Archived from the original on July 20, 2021. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  61. ^ "Gold & Platinum". RIAA. Retrieved November 25, 2024.
  62. ^ "Michael Jackson's Life & Legacy: The Eccentric King of Pop (1986–1999)". VH1. June 7, 2009. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011.
  63. ^ a b c Rodriguez, Jayson (June 25, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Musical Legacy, From the Jackson 5 to Invincible". MTV. Archived from the original on September 1, 2014. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
  64. ^ "Video: Michael Jackson's weird and wonderful life". The Daily Telegraph. June 26, 2009. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
  65. ^ Grein, Paul (January 27, 1989). "A New Stage for Michael Jackson". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 23, 2024.
  66. ^ McIntyre, Hugh (March 1, 2017). "There Are Now 22 Artists with More Than One Diamond Album". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 4, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  67. ^ Grein, Paul (November 6, 1987). "'Bad' Sales Not Bad, but Some Hoped for More". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 20, 2021. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  68. ^ a b "Billboard 200 – Week of September 26, 1987". Billboard. September 26, 1987. Archived from the original on November 4, 2018. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  69. ^ Caulfield, Keith (January 6, 2010). "Taylor Swift Edges Susan Boyle For 2009's Top-Selling Album". Billboard. Archived from the original on April 27, 2014. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  70. ^ Grein, Paul (July 16, 1988). "Album Chart Has Big 'Appetite' For Metal; 'Dirty Dancing' Marks Another Milestone" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 100, no. 29. p. 6. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  71. ^ Harrington, Richard (October 8, 1988). "PRINCE MICHAEL JACKSON TWO PATHS TO THE TOP OF POP". The Washington Post.
  72. ^ Stockdale, Charles; Harrington, John; Andrews, Colman (April 10, 2019). "100 Best Pop Albums of All Time". 24/7 Wall St. Archived from the original on March 23, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
  73. ^ "Michael Jackson Feted As Top Artist of Decade After Selling 110 Million Discs". Jet. Vol. 77, no. 22. March 12, 1990. p. 60. ISSN 0021-5996. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
  74. ^ a b Diver, Mike (2012). "Michael Jackson Bad 25 Review". BBC Music. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  75. ^ Rosen, Jody (June 26, 2009). "King Michael". Slate. Archived from the original on June 29, 2009.
  76. ^ a b c "1993 World Music Awards: Artist Citations" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 105, no. 23. June 5, 1993. p. 63. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 4, 2021. Retrieved August 4, 2021.
  77. ^ Harrington, Richard (October 9, 1988). "Prince Michael Jackson Two Paths to the Top of Pop". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 29, 2018. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  78. ^ a b "Jackson tour on its way to U.S." San Jose Mercury News. January 12, 1988. Archived from the original on May 8, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
  79. ^ Citron, Alan; Philips, Chuck (March 21, 1991). "Michael Jackson Agrees to Huge Contract with Sony". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 26, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  80. ^ Taking a look at Michael Jackson. The Telegraph. November 14, 1991. "Second best Selling Album of all time – Bad (Over 24 Million copies sold worldwide)
  81. ^ a b "The 25th Anniversary of Michael Jackson's 'Bad'". HuffPost UK. September 10, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
  82. ^ "Michael Jackson's 'Bad' released 30 years ago". ABC News. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
  83. ^ "Quincy Jones obituary: music producer for Jackson and Sinatra". www.thetimes.com. November 4, 2024. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
  84. ^ "Elton, Madonna saves indies" (PDF). Music Week. January 12, 1991. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 10, 2022. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
  85. ^ "Gallup Year End Charts 1987: Albums". Record Mirror. January 23, 1988. p. 37.
  86. ^ Lane, Dan (August 20, 2012). "Official Charts Flashback: Michael Jackson – Bad". Official Charts. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  87. ^ "Certified Awards". British Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on June 27, 2019. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
  88. ^ "Gold/Platinum". Music Canada. Archived from the original on January 7, 2016. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  89. ^ "Michael Jackson: Albumi" (in Finnish). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on August 4, 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
  90. ^ "Hong Kong sales certification". IFPI Hong Kong. 1988. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
  91. ^ "Review: 'Moonwalker'". Variety. December 31, 1987. Archived from the original on March 19, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  92. ^ O'Toole, Kit (2015). Michael Jackson FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the King of Pop. Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-1-4803-7106-4. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved May 31, 2020.
  93. ^ Campbell 1993, p. 186.
  94. ^ Campbell 1993, p. 208.
  95. ^ Campbell 1993, p. 217.
  96. ^ Brooks 2002, p. 81.
  97. ^ Grant 2009, pp. 104–105.
  98. ^ "Michael's Last Tour". Ebony. Vol. 44, no. 6. April 1989. pp. 142–153. ISSN 0012-9011. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  99. ^ Grein, Paul (January 27, 1989). "A New Stage for Michael Jackson". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 16, 2024.
  100. ^ "Jackson, Prince lose out at 30th Grammy Awards". Star Tribune. March 3, 1988. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2010.
  101. ^ Grein, Paul (February 28, 2024). "40 Years Ago, Michael Jackson Lifted the 1984 Grammys to Their All-Time Highest Rating (And He Didn't Sing a Note)". Billboard. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  102. ^ a b c d Hilburn, Robert (March 4, 1988). "A Good--and 'Bad'--Night". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 16, 2024.
  103. ^ a b "Michael Jackson". The Recording Academy. Archived from the original on August 19, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  104. ^ Halstead, Craig; Cadman, Chris (2003). Jacksons Number Ones. Authors OnLine. p. 171. ISBN 0-7552-0098-5. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  105. ^ "The Hot 100 – Week of July 2, 1988". Billboard. July 2, 1988. Archived from the original on January 19, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  106. ^ a b Caulfield, Keith (July 2, 2013). "July 2, 1988: Michael Jackson Scores Fifth Hot 100 No. 1 From 'Bad'". Billboard. Retrieved November 16, 2024.
  107. ^ Jones 2005, p. 226.
  108. ^ a b "Bad – Awards". AllMusic. Archived from the original on September 22, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  109. ^ "The Hot 100 – September 10, 1988". Billboard. July 2, 1988. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  110. ^ McCarthy, James (2011). Michael Jackson: Uncensored on the Record. Coda Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-906783-37-2. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  111. ^ "Michael Jackson – Smooth Criminal". Ultratop (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Archived from the original on February 1, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  112. ^ "50 Best Michael Jackson Songs". Rolling Stone. June 23, 2014. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  113. ^ "The Irish Charts – All there is to know". Irishcharts.ie. Archived from the original on August 8, 2017. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
  114. ^ "Michael Jackson – Leave Me Alone". Ultratop (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Archived from the original on January 7, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  115. ^ Rodman, Sarah (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson, pop's uneasy king, dead at 50". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on June 29, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  116. ^ "Michael Jackson – Liberian Girl". Ultratop (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Archived from the original on August 22, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  117. ^ Josephs, Brian (August 29, 2018). "The Best Michael Jackson Samples". Complex. Archived from the original on August 30, 2018. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  118. ^ Trust, Gary (August 17, 2011). "Katy Perry Makes Hot 100 History: Ties Michael Jackson's Record". Billboard. Archived from the original on March 30, 2013. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  119. ^ Renshaw, David (April 23, 2013). "Calvin Harris' album '18 Months' beats Michael Jackson's chart record". NME. Archived from the original on August 23, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
  120. ^ "Michael Jackson Remembered: 'Weird Al' Yankovic on Imitation as Flattery". Rolling Stone. July 9, 2009. Archived from the original on August 20, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  121. ^ "ARIA Top 100 Singles for 2002". ARIA. Archived from the original on October 25, 2018. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  122. ^ "The Official UK Singles Chart 2001" (PDF). UKChartsPlus. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2010. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
  123. ^ "Top 100 Single–Jahrescharts 2001" (in German). GfK Entertainment. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
  124. ^ "Årslista Singlar, 2001" (in Swedish). Sverigetopplistan. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  125. ^ "Swiss Year-End Charts 2001" (in German). Archived from the original on January 16, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
  126. ^ "Alien Ant Farm – Chart History". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 3, 2024. Retrieved October 3, 2024.
  127. ^ "Michael Jackson: Bad". Blender. April 2007. Archived from the original on July 22, 2009. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
  128. ^ Larkin, Colin (2011). "Jackson, Michael". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th concise ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-85712-595-8.
  129. ^ Greenblatt, Leah (July 3, 2009). "Michael Jackson's albums". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
  130. ^ Graff, Gary; du Lac, Josh Freedom; McFarlin, Jim, eds. (1998). "Michael Jackson". MusicHound R&B: The Essential Album Guide. Visible Ink Press. ISBN 1-57859-026-4.
  131. ^ Tucker, Ken (September 6, 1987). "Michael Jackson's adventurous mode". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  132. ^ Pareles, Jon (2004). "Michael Jackson". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 414–15. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved October 17, 2016.
  133. ^ Christgau, Robert (September 29, 1987). "Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on June 17, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
  134. ^ a b Cocks, Jay (September 14, 1987). "Music: The Badder They Come". TIME. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
  135. ^ "Robert Christgau: Album: Michael Jackson: Bad". robertchristgau.com. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
  136. ^ Harrington, Richard (August 31, 1987). "Article: Jackson's 'Bad': Looking Good; Not a 'Thriller' but It's Full of Flash". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
  137. ^ Cromelin, Richard (August 31, 1987). "Michael Jackson has a good thing in 'Bad'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 29, 2009. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
  138. ^ Sigerson, Davitt (October 22, 1987). "Michael Jackson – Bad". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  139. ^ Gundersen, Edna (August 31, 1987). "The ever-changing Jackson, Michael jumps back and he's super 'Bad'". USA Today.
  140. ^ "Michael Jackson's Life & Legacy: The Eccentric King of Pop (1986–1999)". VH1. June 7, 2009. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011.
  141. ^ "30th Grammy Awards – 1988". Rock on the Net. Archived from the original on December 9, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
  142. ^ Hunt, Dennis (January 15, 1988). "U2, Jackson Top Grammy Nominees : Simon, Winwood Seek Reprise of '87 Wins". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 27, 2024.
  143. ^ a b "Grammy Awards: Surprise, surprise and 'Oooh, Michael!' - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  144. ^ "30th Grammy Awards – 1989". Rock on the Net. Archived from the original on December 9, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
  145. ^ "32nd Grammy Awards – 1990". Rock on the Net. Archived from the original on August 6, 2013. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
  146. ^ a b "Winners Database: Michael Jackson". American Music Awards. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  147. ^ Snow, Shauna (November 11, 1988). "Nominees for 21st Image Awards Announced". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  148. ^ "BBC Programme Index". genome.ch.bbc.co.uk. February 8, 1988. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  149. ^ "BBC Programme Index". genome.ch.bbc.co.uk. February 13, 1989. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  150. ^ "About: Billboard Spotlight Award". dbpedia.org. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  151. ^ "Michael Jackson At American Music Awards 1989". Michael Jackson Official Site. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  152. ^ Grein, Paul (April 14, 1989). "Soul Train Awards Honor Black Stars". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
  153. ^ "Why Michael Jackson Is Known As The King Of Pop". Michael Jackson Official Site. Retrieved November 24, 2024.
  154. ^ Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2009). Michael Jackson: The Magic, the Madness, the Whole Story. Pan Books. ISBN 978-0-330-51565-8. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2019.
  155. ^ Archives, L. A. Times (April 5, 1990). "Bush Opts for a 'Photo Op' With Jackson". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  156. ^ a b "Top 50 Albums of 1987". Consequence. July 10, 2017. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  157. ^ Mitchell, Gail (August 31, 2017). "Michael Jackson's 'Bad': Quincy Jones, Wesley Snipes & Other Collaborators Tell the Stories of the Album's Five No. 1 Singles". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 1, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  158. ^ Vogel, Joseph (2012). Man in the Music: The Creative Life and Work of Michael Jackson. New York: Sterling. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-4027-7938-1.
  159. ^ Ramirez, Erika (August 31, 2012). "Michael Jackson's 'Bad' at 25: Classic Track-by-Track Review". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  160. ^ a b Chaney, Cassandra (January 2013). "Who's bad? The performance of black masculinity in Michael Jackson's "bad" video". Louisiana State University.
  161. ^ Cite error: The named reference EW was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  162. ^ Michael Jackson: Biography, Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 14, 2008.
  163. ^ [1], Drowned in Sound. Retrieved September 26, 2012.
  164. ^ [2], PopMatters. Retrieved September 20, 2012.
  165. ^ a b Quietus, The (August 21, 2017). "How Michael Jackson's Bad Shaped Pop As We Know It". The Quietus. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
  166. ^ "Michael Jackson's best albums ever, ranked in order of greatness". Smooth. Retrieved November 24, 2024.
  167. ^ Zaleski, Annie (September 18, 2012). ""Bad": Better than "Thriller"". Salon. Archived from the original on May 5, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
  168. ^ Farber, Jim (June 26, 2009). "For Michael Jackson, the beat went on: after 'Thriller,' hits kept coming". Daily News. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  169. ^ Allen, Matthew (August 18, 2017). "Michael Jackson's Bad: 30 Years Ago the King of Pop Hit His Prime ... so Why Is That Album Underrated?". The Root. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
  170. ^ Lacy, Chris (August 29, 2017). "Tribute: Celebrating 30 Years of Michael Jackson's 'Bad'". Albumism. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  171. ^ Markman, Rob (August 31, 2012). "Michael Jackson's Bad: 25 Years Later, Does It Hold Up?". MTV. Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  172. ^ Floyd, Marcus. "Record Rewind: Michael Jackson – Bad". Renowned for Sound. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  173. ^ Fisher, Kendall (August 31, 2017). "Michael Jackson's Bad Album Turns 30: How the King of Pop Influenced Today's Biggest Artists". E! Online. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 17, 2019.
  174. ^ "Kanye West, Chris Brown, & Mariah Carey Celebrate Michael Jackson's Legacy on 'Bad 25' Special". Rap-Up. November 23, 2012. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
  175. ^ Vena, Jocelyn (February 3, 2010). "Justin Bieber Happy to Leave the Rapping to Ludacris". MTV. Archived from the original on February 6, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  176. ^ Vena, Jocelyn (February 19, 2010). "Justin Bieber Bowls with Drake, Ludacris in 'Baby' Video". MTV. Archived from the original on March 15, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  177. ^ McKay, Rich (November 11, 2018). "Michael Jackson's 'Bad' tour jacket sold at auction". Reuters.
  178. ^ "The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time (1–500)". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on January 15, 2007.
  179. ^ "500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. May 31, 2012. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
  180. ^ a b "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. September 22, 2020. Archived from the original on September 22, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  181. ^ a b Barker, Emily (October 24, 2013). "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time: 300–201". NME. Archived from the original on April 5, 2019. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
  182. ^ a b "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die". Quintessence Editions Ltd. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015.
  183. ^ a b "VH1 – Greatest Albums Ever". MTV. Archived from the original on March 10, 2009.
  184. ^ "The 100 Best Albums of the 1980s". Slant Magazine. March 5, 2012. Archived from the original on February 6, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
  185. ^ a b "Greatest of All Time Billboard 200 Albums". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 1, 2016. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
  186. ^ "Greatest of All Time Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums". Billboard. Archived from the original on November 1, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
  187. ^ Unterberger, Andrew (September 29, 2016). "All 92 Diamond-Certified Albums Ranked from Worst to Best: Critic's Take". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 13, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  188. ^ "30th Grammy Awards – 1988". Rock on the Net. Archived from the original on December 9, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
  189. ^ "32nd Grammy Awards – 1990". Rock on the Net. Archived from the original on August 6, 2013. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
  190. ^ "25th Anniversary of Michael Jackson's Landmark Album Bad Celebrated with September 18 Release of New Bad 25 Packages". Sony Music Entertainment. May 21, 2012. Archived from the original on June 14, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2012 – via Michaeljackson.com.
  191. ^ "Top World Charts" (PDF). Pelo (in Spanish). No. 303. October 1987. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 4, 2022. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  192. ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  193. ^ "Austriancharts.at – Michael Jackson – Bad" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  194. ^ "Ultratop.be – Michael Jackson – Bad" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
  195. ^ "Ultratop.be – Michael Jackson – Bad" (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
  196. ^ "ABPD CD – TOP 10 Semanal" (in Portuguese). Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014.
  197. ^ "Top RPM Albums: Issue 0880". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  198. ^ "Czech Albums – Top 100". ČNS IFPI. Note: On the chart page, select 29.Týden 2009 on the field besides the words "CZ – ALBUMS – TOP 100" to retrieve the correct chart. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  199. ^ "Danishcharts.dk – Michael Jackson – Bad". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  200. ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Michael Jackson – Bad" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  201. ^ Pennanen, Timo (2021). "Michael Jackson". Sisältää hitin – 2. laitos Levyt ja esittäjät Suomen musiikkilistoilla 1.1.1960–30.6.2021 (PDF). Helsinki: Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava. p. 113. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
  202. ^ a b "Les Albums (CD) de 1987 par InfoDisc". InfoDisc (in French). Archived from the original on February 1, 2016.
  203. ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Michael Jackson – Bad" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  204. ^ "Top-75 Albums Sales Chart (Combined) – Week 18/2022". IFPI Greece. Archived from the original on May 18, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  205. ^ "Classifiche". Musica e Dischi (in Italian). Archived from the original on December 1, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2022. Set "Tipo" on "Album". Then, in the "Artista" field, search "Michael Jackson".
  206. ^ "Bad". Ranking.oricon.co.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved February 8, 2010.[dead link‍]
  207. ^ "Mexicancharts.com – Michael Jackson – Bad". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  208. ^ "Charts.nz – Michael Jackson – Bad". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  209. ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Michael Jackson – Bad". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  210. ^ "Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart". OLiS. Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  211. ^ "Portuguesecharts.com – Michael Jackson – Bad". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  212. ^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
  213. ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Michael Jackson – Bad". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  214. ^ "Swisscharts.com – Michael Jackson – Bad". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  215. ^ "Michael Jackson | Artist | Official Charts". UK Albums Chart. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  216. ^ "Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums – Week of October 3, 1987". Billboard. October 3, 1987. Archived from the original on September 16, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  217. ^ "Jahreshitparade 1987". Austriancharts.at (in German). Hung Medien. Archived from the original on December 22, 2013. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  218. ^ "Top 100 Albums of 1987". RPM. Vol. 47, no. 12. Library and Archives Canada. December 26, 1987. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  219. ^ "European Charts of the Year 1987 – Albums" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 4, no. 51/52. December 26, 1987. p. 35. OCLC 29800226. Page 37 on the PDF archive. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021 – via World Radio History.
  220. ^ "Top 100 Albums – Jahrescharts – 1987". Offiziellecharts.de (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Archived from the original on May 9, 2015.
  221. ^ 1987年間アルバムヒットチャート [Japanese Year-End Albums Chart 1987] (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on September 18, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2015 – via Entamedata.web.fc2.com.
  222. ^ "Top Selling Albums of 1987". Nztop40.co.nz. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  223. ^ "Schweizer Jahreshitparade 1987". Hitparade.ch (in German). Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  224. ^ a b c "Chart Archive – 1980s Albums". Everyhit.com. Archived from the original on June 14, 2002. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  225. ^ "The CASH BOX Year-End Charts: 1987". Cash Box. Archived from the original on September 18, 2012.
  226. ^ "ARIA Top 100 Albums for 1988". Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  227. ^ "Jahreshitparade 1988". Austriancharts.at (in German). Hung Medien. Archived from the original on May 23, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  228. ^ "1988 Year End Eurocharts – European Top 100 Albums" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 6, no. 52/1. January 1, 1987. p. 31. OCLC 29800226. Page 17 on the PDF archive. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 16, 2022. Retrieved November 30, 2021 – via World Radio History.
  229. ^ "Top 100 Albums – Jahrescharts – 1988". Offiziellecharts.de (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Archived from the original on May 9, 2015.
  230. ^ "Schweizer Jahreshitparade 1988". Hitparade.ch (in German). Archived from the original on November 24, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  231. ^ "Billboard 200 Albums: 1988". Billboard. Archived from the original on April 8, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
  232. ^ "Year-End Charts – Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: 1988". Billboard. Archived from the original on July 5, 2018. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  233. ^ "The CASH BOX Year-End Charts: 1988". Cash Box. Archived from the original on October 7, 2012.
  234. ^ "Jaaroverzichten 2022" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Archived from the original on January 13, 2023. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
  235. ^ "Jaaroverzichten 2023" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
  236. ^ "Bestenlisten – 80er-Album". Austriancharts.at (in German). Hung Medien. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  237. ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2009 Albums" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association.
  238. ^ "Austrian album certifications – Michael Jackson – Bad" (in German). IFPI Austria.
  239. ^ Cezimbra, Marcia (September 6, 1991). "Jacko está de volta". Jornal do Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). p. 8. Archived from the original on September 26, 2022. Retrieved October 31, 2020.
  240. ^ "Canadian album certifications – Michael Jackson – Bad". Music Canada.
  241. ^ Becker, Jasper (December 10, 1995). "The last rock star in China". South China Morning Post. Retrieved June 9, 2024. The best-selling album in China was Michael Jackson's Bad and that only sold 500,000 copies in a country of 1.2 billion
  242. ^ "Danish album certifications – Michael Jackson – Bad". IFPI Danmark. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  243. ^ a b "Michael Jackson" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland.
  244. ^ à 00h00, Par Le 29 octobre 2001 (October 28, 2001). "REPÃ?RES". leparisien.fr. Archived from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  245. ^ "French album certifications – Michael Jackson – Bad" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique.
  246. ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Michael Jackson; 'Bad')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
  247. ^ "IFPIHK Gold Disc Award − 1988". IFPI Hong Kong. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
  248. ^ Cobo, Leila (July 2, 2009). "Michael Jackson Remains a Global Phenomenon". Billboard. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
  249. ^ "Michael's". The Herald. Ireland. August 31, 1993. p. 41. Retrieved September 3, 2020. Dangerous has sold over 75,000 copies in Ireland so far, says Sony MD Eleanor McCarthy. We haven't peaked yet but we've been doing exceptionally well. The Bad album sold over 120,000 in Ireland
  250. ^ a b "Jackson Awarded for Israeli Success" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 45. November 6, 1993. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  251. ^ "E' Claudio Baglioni il Jackson italiano". La Stampa (in Italian). May 12, 1995. Archived from the original on August 21, 2019. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
  252. ^ "Italian album certifications – Michael Jackson – Bad" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved April 6, 2023. Select "2020" in the "Anno" drop-down menu. Type "Bad" in the "Filtra" field. Select "Album e Compilation" under "Sezione".
  253. ^ "【マイケル・ジャクソンBad25周年最新プロジェクト】スパイク・リー監督のドキュメンタリー作品『Bad25』の "特別編集版"番組『マイケル・ジャクソン Badのすべて』 が12月28日（金）、Nhk総合にて放送決定！！｜ソニーミュージックグループ コーポレートサイト".
  254. ^ "Japanese album certifications – Michael Jackson – Bad (reissue)" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved September 3, 2023. Select 1994年3月 on the drop-down menu
  255. ^ "Certificaciones" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Retrieved March 29, 2021. Type Michael Jackson in the box under the ARTISTA column heading and Bad in the box under the TÍTULO column heading.
  256. ^ "Een ster in het land van lilliputters". Trouw (in Dutch). October 29, 2001. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
  257. ^ "Dutch album certifications – Michael Jackson – Bad" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Enter Bad in the "Artiest of titel" box.
  258. ^ "New Zealand album certifications – Michael Jackson – Bad". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  259. ^ a b c "The European Best Sellers of 1987" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 4, no. 51/52. December 26, 1987. pp. 42–46. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 15, 2022. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  260. ^ Pinheiro de Almeida, Luis (January 14, 1989). "Platinum in Portugal" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 6, no. 2. p. 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
  261. ^ Leo, Christie (November 7, 1987). "'Bad' Gets Good Marks in Singapore" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 99, no. 45. p. 73. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved February 18, 2021 – via World Radio History.
  262. ^ "Singapore album certifications – Michael Jackson – Bad". Recording Industry Association Singapore. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
  263. ^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  264. ^ "Guld- och Platinacertifikat − År 1987−1998" (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 17, 2011.
  265. ^ "British album certifications – Michael Jackson – Bad". British Phonographic Industry.
  266. ^ "American album certifications – Michael Jackson – Bad". Recording Industry Association of America.
  267. ^ "Gold & Platinum Awards 1987" (PDF). Music & Media. December 26, 1987. p. 16. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
  268. ^ "IFPI Platinum Europe Awards – 2009". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry.
  269. ^ Pareles, Jon (November 24, 1991). "Michael Jackson in the Electronic Wilderness". New York Times. Retrieved November 26, 2024. 1987 successor, "Bad," sold 6 million copies in the United States and a reported 19 million more worldwide

Works cited

edit
edit

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bad_(album)&oldid=1260239092"