The Sudbury tornado was an F3 tornado, which hit the Canadian city of Sudbury, Ontario, at approximately 8:30 a.m. on Thursday, August 20, 1970.[1]
| F3 tornado | |
|---|---|
| Formed | August 20, 1970 |
| Max. rating1 | F3 tornado |
| Fatalities | 6 fatalities |
| Damage | CA$17 million |
| Areas affected | Sudbury, Ontario Field, Ontario |
Part of tornado outbreaks of 1970 1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale | |
It is currently tied for the status of the eighth deadliest tornado in Canadian history.
Storm
editConsidered unusual because tornadoes of this strength rarely occur in Northern Ontario,[2] the tornado touched down in the nearby town of Lively. The tornado tracked quickly eastward into the city, hitting the town of Copper Cliff and the neighborhoods of Robinson and Lockerby over the next ten minutes. Another tornado associated with the same storm also hit the community of Field, approximately 70 kilometres east of Sudbury, less than an hour later.
The storm continued through North Bay, uprooting some trees in the wilderness but avoiding any damage to the city.[3] It then tracked southeasterly toward Ottawa, leading the federal government to order a precautionary shutdown of its offices in the capital,[4] but the storm weakened around Chalk River and only a few millimetres of rain actually fell on Ottawa by the time it reached that city.[4]
Residents of the region had little warning of the storm as the Sudbury Airport did not at the time have weather radar capable of detecting tornado activity,[5][permanent dead link] and the day's only weather forecast was for "showers".[6] The first public indication of the twister, instead, was a phone call to CKSO from a woman frantically reporting that her house was blowing away.[7]
Six people died and 200 were injured in the tornado, which caused an estimated $17 million in 1970 (which is about $131.6 million in 2023) in damage,[7] including to Inco's copper smelter in Copper Cliff. A pipeline carrying iron-nickel concentrate to the plant collapsed onto a train track below, in turn causing a derailment when a train hit the collapsed pipe, but the incident resulted in only minor injuries.[8] The Inco Superstack, then under construction, swayed in the storm but was not heavily damaged.[3] Six workers were on the construction platform at the time, although all six survived.[9]
Minor damage was also reported to the Big Nickel, with some pitting of the stainless steel panels as rocks and debris hit the monument, although that structure also survived.[10] Damage was also reported to Memorial Hospital, Glad Tidings Tabernacle, and over 300 homes in Lively, Sudbury and Field.[11] Some streets in the affected neighbourhoods were flooded by up to a foot of water, and electrical and communications infrastructure was heavily damaged. For several days after the storm, amateur radio remained the only reliable method of communication into and out of the city.[12]
In Field, a lumber mill which was the town's primary employer was heavily damaged,[13] and a church roof was ripped off just minutes after parishioners had left the building after the end of the morning mass.[14]
Aftermath
editJoe Fabbro, the mayor of Sudbury, and Len Turner, the mayor of Lively, each declared their respective communities disaster areas.[11] Both the federal and provincial governments immediately sent representatives to the city to assist, including provincial Attorney General Arthur Wishart, provincial municipal affairs minister Darcy McKeough[15] and federal housing minister Robert Andras.[14] With the company's operations temporarily disabled in the aftermath of the storm, Inco reassigned its employees to assist in rebuilding homes in Lively, which was at the time a company town in which most homes were owned by Inco rather than by private homeowners.[16] In Sudbury, a $2 million relief fund was quickly set up by Sudbury City Council.[17]
Despite the extent of the damage, however, many meteorologists initially resisted classifying the storm as a tornado;[18] although the pattern of damage was consistent with tornadic activity, there were no confirmed reports of a visible funnel cloud.[6] Although it is now generally understood that a tornado can occur without an identifiable funnel in certain weather conditions, this was not as widely accepted in the 1970s. It was not until 1972 that the Canada Atmospheric Environment Service published a final report confirming that a tornado had indeed taken place.[19]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Wallace, C.M.; Thomson, Ashley (1993). Sudbury: Rail Town to Regional Capital. Dundurn Press. ISBN 1-55002-170-2.
- ^ "1970 Sudbury tornado". CBC.ca. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved May 22, 2024.
- ^ a b "90 mile winds smash Sudbury area". Toronto Star. August 20, 1970. p. 1.
- ^ a b "Ottawa concerned". The Globe and Mail. August 21, 1970. p. 8.
- ^ "1970: Deadly tornado tears through Sudbury, Ontario". The Weather Network. August 20, 2012.
- ^ a b "Forecast was for 'showers'". The Globe and Mail. August 21, 1970. p. 1.
- ^ a b "1970: Freak tornado kills six in Sudbury". CBC.ca. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016.
- ^ "Damage high but INCO 'got off lightly'". Toronto Star. August 21, 1970. p. 3.
- ^ "6 nearly blown off 1,250-foot smokestack so they quit their jobs". Toronto Star. August 21, 1970. p. 6.
- ^ Carmichael, Harold (August 16, 2010). "'It's the end of the world'". thesudburystar.com. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved May 22, 2024.
- ^ a b "5 dead as 80-mph winds batter Nickel Belt". The Globe and Mail. August 21, 1970. p. 1.
- ^ "Sudbury phone lines still bad; CNE hams send messages". Toronto Star. August 21, 1970. p. 8.
- ^ "6 children put injured mother on door, carry her a mile for help". Toronto Star. August 21, 1970. p. 8.
- ^ a b "Sudbury homeless start rebuilding; loss is $17 million". Toronto Star. August 21, 1970. p. 1.
- ^ "Ottawa ready to help, municipalities are told". The Globe and Mail. August 21, 1970. p. 25.
- ^ "$1 or $10,000 — it all helps patch up the Sudbury area". Toronto Star. September 17, 1970. p. 80.
- ^ "$2,000,000 fund for storm victims". Toronto Star. August 22, 1970. pp. D3.
- ^ "Insurance firms resort to weather office". The Globe and Mail. October 13, 1970. pp. B1.
- ^ Gee, G. W.; Findlay, B. F. (1972). The Sudbury Tornado, August 20, 1970. Atmospheric Environment Service.