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Sunan Abi Dawud

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Sunan Abi Dawud (Arabic: سنن أبي داود, romanized: Sunan Abī Dāwūd) is the third hadith collection of the Six Books of Sunni Islam. It was compiled by Persian scholar Abu Dawud al-Sijistani (d. 889).[1]

Sunan Abi Dawud
Seven-volume collection of Sunan Abi Dawud
AuthorAbu Dawud al-Sijistani
Original titleسنن أبي داود
LanguageArabic
SeriesKutub al-Sitta
GenreHadith collection

Introduction

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Abu Dawood compiled twenty-one books related to Hadith and preferred those Ahadith (plural of "Hadith") which were supported by the example of the companions of Muhammad. As for the contradictory Ahadith, he states under the heading of 'Meat acquired by hunting for a pilgrim': "if there are two contradictory reports from the Prophet (SAW), an investigation should be made to establish what his companions have adopted". He wrote in his letter to the people of Mecca: "I have disclosed wherever there was too much weakness in regard to any tradition in my collection. But if I happen to leave a Hadith without any comment, it should be considered as sound, albeit some of them are more authentic than others". The Mursal Hadith (a tradition in which a companion is omitted and a successor narrates directly from Muhammad) has also been a matter of discussion among the traditionists. Abu Dawood states in his letter to the people of Mecca: "If a Musnad Hadith (uninterrupted tradition) is not contrary to a Mursal [Hadith], or a Musnad Hadith is not found, then the Mursal Hadith will be accepted though it would not be considered as strong as a Muttasil Hadith (uninterrupted chain)".

The traditions in Sunan Abu Dawood are divided in three categories. The first category consists of those of the traditions that are mentioned by Bukhari and/or Muslim. The second type of traditions are those which fulfil the conditions of Bukhari or Muslim. At this juncture, it should be remembered that Bukhari said, "I only included in my book Sahih Bukhari authentic traditions, and left out many more authentic ones than these to avoid unnecessary length".

Description

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Abu Dawood collected 500,000 hadith, but included only 4,800 in this collection.[2] Sunnis regard this collection as fourth in strength of their six major hadith collections. It took Abu Dawod 20 years to collect the hadiths. He made a series of journeys to meet most of the foremost traditionists of his time and acquired from them the most reliable hadiths, quoting sources through which it reached him. Since the author collected hadiths which no one had ever assembled together, his sunan has been accepted as a standard work by scholars from many parts of the Islamic world,[3] especially after Ibn al-Qaisarani's inclusion of it in the formal canonization of the six major collections.[4][5][6]

Abu Dawood started traveling and collecting ahadeeth at a young age. He traveled to many places in the middle east, including Egypt, Iraq, and Syria. Abu Dawood also studied under Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal.[7]

Contents

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Editor, Muhammad Muhyiddin Abd al-Hamid's 1935, Cairo publication, in 4 volumes, provides the standard topical classification of the hadith Arabic text.[8] Sunan Abu Dawood is divided into 43 'books'.[9][10][11]

  1. purification (kitab al-taharah)
  2. prayer (kitab al-salat)
  3. the book of the prayer for rain (kitab al-istisqa)
  4. prayer (kitab al-salat): detailed rules of law about the prayer during journey
  5. prayer (kitab al-salat): voluntary prayers
  6. prayer (kitab al-salat): detailed injunctions about ramadan
  7. prayer (kitab al-salat): prostration while reciting the qur'an
  8. prayer (kitab al-salat): detailed injunctions about witr
  9. zakat (kitab al-zakat)
  10. the book of lost and found items
  11. the rites of hajj (kitab al-manasik wa'l-hajj)
  12. marriage (kitab al-nikah)
  13. divorce (kitab al-talaq)
  14. fasting (kitab al-siyam)
  15. jihad (kitab al-jihad)
  16. sacrifice (kitab al-dahaya)
  17. game (kitab al-said)
  18. wills (kitab al-wasaya)
  19. shares of inheritance (kitab al-fara'id)
  20. tribute, spoils, and rulership (kitab al-kharaj, wal-fai' wal-imarah)
  21. funerals (kitab al-jana'iz)
  22. oaths and vows (kitab al-aiman wa al-nudhur)
  23. commercial transactions (kitab al-buyu)
  24. wages (kitab al-ijarah)
  25. the office of the judge (kitab al-aqdiyah)
  26. knowledge (kitab al-ilm)
  27. drinks (kitab al-ashribah)
  28. foods (kitab al-at'imah)
  29. medicine (kitab al-tibb)
  30. divination and omens (kitab al-kahanah wa al-tatayyur)
  31. the book of manumission of slaves
  32. dialects and readings of the qur'an (kitab al-huruf wa al-qira'at)
  33. hot baths (kitab al-hammam)
  34. clothing (kitab al-libas)
  35. combing the hair (kitab al-tarajjul)
  36. signet-rings (kitab al-khatam)
  37. trials and fierce battles (kitab al-fitan wa al-malahim)
  38. the promised deliverer (kitab al-mahdi)
  39. battles (kitab al-malahim)
  40. prescribed punishments (kitab al-hudud)
  41. types of blood-wit (kitab al-diyat)
  42. model behavior of the prophet (kitab al-sunnah)
  43. general behavior (kitab al-adab)

Commentaries and translations

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Sunan Abu Dawood has been translated into numerous languages. The Australian Islamic Library has collected 11 commentaries on this book in Arabic, Urdu and Indonesian.[12] One of the best commentaries for Sunan Abu Dawood had been written by Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri entitled Badhl Al-Majhud Fi Hall Abi Dawud, an 18-volume commentary on the book. It is published by Dār al-Bashāʾir al-Islāmiyyah in fourteen volumes, with the annotations of Mawlānā Zakariyyā Kandhlawī and the taḥqīq (research) of Dr. Taqi ad-Dīn an-Nadwī. It is simply a work of sheer genius and is the most recommended commentary of the Sunan.[13]

Arabic commentaries & annotations[14]

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(ت)

  • At-Tawassuṭ al-Maḥmūd fī Sharḥ Sunan Abī Dāwūd, by Imām Walī ad-Dīn Ibn al-Irāqī (d. 826 AH). It was recently published by Muʾassasah ʿIlm li Iḥyā ’t-Turāth in two volumes with the taḥqīq (research) of ʿAbd al-ʿĀṭī Muḥyī ash-Sharqāwī .

(ش)

  • Sharḥ Sunan Abī Dāwūd, by Imām Maḥmūd ibn Aḥmad Badr ad-Dīn al-ʿAynī (d. 855 AH). It is published by Maktabat ar-Rushd in four volumes with the taḥqīq (research) of Abū ’l-Mundhir Khālid ibn Ibrāhīm al-Misrī.
  • Sharḥ Sunan Abī Dāwūd li ’bn Raslān, by Imām Shihāb ad-Dīn Abū ’l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Ḥusayn ibn Raslān (d. 844 AH). It is published by Dār al-Falāḥ in twenty

(ف)

  • Fatḥ al-Wadūd bi Sharḥ Sunan Abī Dāwūd, by Imām Abū ’l-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Hādī as-Sindī (d. 1138 AH). It is published by Jāʾizah Dubai ad-Dawliyyah li ’l-Qurʾān al-Karīm in eight volumes with the taḥqīq (research) of Aḥmad Jāsim al-Muḥammad.

(م)

Urdu commentaries & annotations[16]

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  1. Inʿām al-Maʿbūd li Ṭālibāt Sunan Abī Dāwūd, by Mawlānā Maḥbūb Aḥmad. It is published by Maktabat al-ʿIlm and is available online.
  2. Khayr al-Maʿbūd Sharḥ Sunan Abī Dāwūd, by Mawlānā Ṣūfī Muhammad Sarwar. It is published by Idārah Taʾlifāt Ashrafiyyah and is available online.
  3. Ad-Durr al-Manḍūd ʿalā Sunan Abī Dāwūd, by Mawlānā Muḥammad ʿĀqil. It is published by Maktabat ash-Shaykh in six volumes and is available online.
  4. As-Samḥ al-Maḥmūd fī Ḥal Sunan Abī Dāwūd, by Muftī Muḥammad ʿAbd ar-Razzāq Qāsmī. It is published by Zakariyyā Book Depot and is available online.
  5. Falāḥ wa Behbūd Sharḥ Abū Dāwūd, by Mawlānā Muḥammad Ḥanīf Gangohī. It is published by Maktabah Imdādiyyah, Multan, in two volumes and is available online.[17]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Jonathan A.C. Brown (2007), The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunnī Ḥadīth Canon, p.10. Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9004158399. Quote: "We can discern three strata of the Sunni hadith canon. The perennial core has been the Sahihayn. Beyond these two foundational classics, some fourth/tenth-century scholars refer to a four-book selection that adds the two Sunans of Abu Dawood (d. 275/889) and al-Nasa'i (d. 303/915). The Five Book canon, which is first noted in the sixth/twelfth century, incorporates the Jami' of al-Tirmidhi (d. 279/892). Finally the Six Book canon, which hails from the same period, adds either the Sunan of Ibn Majah (d. 273/887), the Sunan of al-Daraqutni (d. 385/995) or the Muwatta' of Malik b. Anas (d. 179/796). Later hadith compendia often included other collections as well.' None of these books, however, has enjoyed the esteem of al-Bukhari's and Muslim's works." Archived 2018-01-06 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Mohammad Hashim Kamali (2005). A Textbook of Hadith Studies: Authenticity, Compilation, Classification and Criticism of Hadith, p. 39. The Islamic Foundation
  3. ^ "Various Issues About Hadiths". www.abc.se. Archived from the original on 2012-10-16. Retrieved 2006-03-12.
  4. ^ Ignác Goldziher, Muslim Studies, vol. 2, pg. 240. Halle, 1889-1890. ISBN 0-202-30778-6
  5. ^ Scott C. Lucas, Constructive Critics, Ḥadīth Literature, and the Articulation of Sunnī Islam, pg. 106. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2004.
  6. ^ Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, translated by William McGuckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Sold by Institut de France and Royal Library of Belgium. Vol. 3, pg. 5.
  7. ^ "About - Sunan Abi Dawud - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com. Archived from the original on 2021-05-01. Retrieved 2021-05-02.
  8. ^ Hadith and the Quran, Encyclopedia of the Quran, Brill
  9. ^ "Abu Dawud". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved Jun 27, 2019.
  10. ^ "Sunan Abi Dawud". sunnah.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved Jun 27, 2019.
  11. ^ "All books and chapters of sunan abu dawood". www.islamicfinder.org. Archived from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved Jun 27, 2019.
  12. ^ "Sunan Abu Dawood". AUSTRALIAN ISLAMIC LIBRARY. Archived from the original on 2021-04-30. Retrieved 2014-10-31.
  13. ^ "The Commentaries of the Six Canonical Books of Ḥadīth – Ulum al-Hadith".
  14. ^ "The Commentaries of the Six Canonical Books of Ḥadīth – Ulum al-Hadith".
  15. ^ "The Commentaries of the Six Canonical Books of Ḥadīth – Ulum al-Hadith".
  16. ^ "The Commentaries of the Six Canonical Books of Ḥadīth – Ulum al-Hadith".
  17. ^ "The Commentaries of the Six Canonical Books of Ḥadīth – Ulum al-Hadith".
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