Halftime shows are a tradition during American football games at all levels of competition. Entertainment during the Super Bowl, the annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL), represents a fundamental link to pop culture, which helps broaden the television audience and nationwide interest.
Background
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During most of the Super Bowl's first decade (starting on January 15, 1967), the halftime show featured a college marching band. The show's second decade featured a more varied show, often featuring drill teams and other performance ensembles; the group Up with People produced and starred in four of the performances. Starting in the 1990s, to counter other networks' efforts to counterprogram the game,[1] the show would be headlined by popular music acts each year, including New Kids on the Block, Michael Jackson, Gloria Estefan, Clint Black, Patti LaBelle, and Tony Bennett.
Starting with Super Bowl XXXII, commercial sponsors presented the halftime show; within five years, the tradition of having a theme—begun with Super Bowl III—ended, replaced by major music productions by arena rock bands and other high-profile acts. In the six years immediately following an incident at Super Bowl XXXVIII where Justin Timberlake exposed one of Janet Jackson's breasts in an alleged "wardrobe malfunction", all of the halftime shows consisted of a performance by one artist or group, with the musicians in that era primarily being rock artists from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. These shows were considered "family friendly" and the time in which they took place has been described as "the age of reactionary halftime shows".[2]
Since Super Bowl XLV, the halftime show has returned to featuring popular contemporary musicians, with the typical format featuring a single headline artist collaborating with a small number of guest acts.
The NFL does not pay the halftime show performers an appearance fee, though it covers all expenses for the performers and their entourage of band members, management, technical crew, security personnel, family, and friends.[3] The Super Bowl XXVII halftime show with Michael Jackson provided an exception, as the NFL and Frito-Lay agreed to make a donation and provide commercial time for Jackson's Heal the World Foundation.[4][5][6] According to Nielsen SoundScan data, the halftime performers regularly experience significant spikes in weekly album sales and paid digital downloads due to the exposure.[7] For Super Bowl XLIX, it was reported by the Wall Street Journal that league officials asked representatives of potential acts if they would be willing to provide financial compensation to the NFL in exchange for their appearance, in the form of either an up-front fee, or a cut of revenue from concert performances made after the Super Bowl. While these reports were denied by an NFL spokeswoman, the request had, according to the Journal, received a "chilly" response from those involved.[8][9]
History
editThe following is a list of the performers, producers, themes, and sponsors for each Super Bowl game's show. This list does not include national anthem performers, which are listed in the article List of national anthem performers at the Super Bowl. Names in bold are headline performers.
1960s
edit| Super Bowl | Date | Location | Theme | Performer(s) | Producer | Setlist | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | January 15, 1967 | Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (Los Angeles, California) |
— |
|
Tommy Walker | (The University of Arizona Symphonic Marching Band)
|
[10][11][12][13] |
| II | January 14, 1968 | Miami Orange Bowl (Miami, Florida) |
Grambling State University Marching Band | — | — | ||
| III | January 12, 1969 | Miami Orange Bowl (Miami, Florida) |
America Thanks |
|
[10] |
1970s
edit1980s
edit1990s
edit2000s
edit2010s
edit2020s
edit| Super Bowl | Date | Location | Headliner(s) | Special guest(s) | Director | Producer | Sponsor | Setlist | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LIV (show) |
February 2, 2020 | Hard Rock Stadium (Miami Gardens, Florida) |
Hamish Hamilton |
|
Pepsi |
|
[56][57][58] | ||
| LV (show) |
February 7, 2021 | Raymond James Stadium (Tampa, Florida) |
The Weeknd | — |
|
|
[59] | ||
| LVI (show) |
February 13, 2022 | SoFi Stadium (Inglewood, California) |
50 Cent Anderson .Paak |
|
[60] | ||||
| LVII (show) |
February 12, 2023 | State Farm Stadium (Glendale, Arizona) |
Rihanna | — | Apple Music |
|
[61][62] | ||
| LVIII (show) |
February 11, 2024 | Allegiant Stadium (Paradise, Nevada) |
Usher | Alicia Keys Jermaine Dupri H.E.R. will.i.am Lil Jon Ludacris Sonic Boom of the South |
|
[63][64][65] | |||
| LIX (show) |
February 9, 2025 | Caesars Superdome (New Orleans, Louisiana) |
Kendrick Lamar | TBA | TBA | [66][67] |
Details on specific shows
editSuper Bowl XL
editFor the Rolling Stones, the stage was in the form of the group's iconic tongue logo (John Pasche's design first used in 1971 on their Sticky Fingers album). It was the largest stage ever assembled for a Super Bowl halftime show, with 28 separate pieces assembled in five minutes by a 600-member volunteer stage crew. The group performed three songs: "Start Me Up", "Rough Justice", and "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction". The show was viewed by 89.9 million people, more than the audiences for the Oscars, Grammys and Emmy Awards combined.[68] In the wake of the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy with Janet Jackson and Justin Timberlake, ABC and the NFL imposed a five-second delay and censored lyrics considered too sexually explicit in the first two songs by briefly turning off Mick Jagger's microphone—censoring to which the group had previously agreed.[69] However, the choice of the Rolling Stones sparked controversy in the Detroit community because the band did not represent the traditional Detroit "Motown Sound", and no artists from the area were included.[70]
Achievements
edit- The Super Bowl XXVII halftime show starring Michael Jackson is the most watched Super Bowl halftime show, with a TV audience of more than 133.4 million viewers.[71][72]
- The Super Bowl LIV halftime show starring Shakira and Jennifer Lopez is the most viewed Super Bowl halftime show on YouTube with more than 295 million views.[73]
- Based on online metrics, TicketSource revealed that the Super Bowl LIV halftime show starring Shakira and Jennifer Lopez is the "world's most popular" halftime show.[74]
- The Super Bowl LVI halftime show starring Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Mary J. Blige, and Kendrick Lamar is the first Super Bowl halftime show to win the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special (Live).[75]
- The Super Bowl LI halftime show starring Lady Gaga is the most nominated Super Bowl halftime show in Emmy Awards history, winning one (Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lighting Design / Lighting Direction for a Variety Special) out of its record six nominations.[76][77]
See also
edit
References
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