Svislach[1] (Belarusian: Сьвіслач; Russian: Свислочь, romanized: Svisloch; Yiddish: סוויסלאָוויטש, romanized: Svislovitsh) is an agrotown in Asipovichy District, Mogilev Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Svislach selsoviet.[2] It is located on the confluence of the Svislach River, which is also its namesake.[3] Svislach is located near the cities of Asipovichy and Babruysk. In 2010, its population was 678.
Svislach
Сьвіслач (Belarusian) | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Svislach castle, 1928 | |
  Svislach | |
| Coordinates: 53°26′10″N 28°58′21″E / 53.43611°N 28.97250°E | |
| Country | Belarus |
| Region | Mogilev Region |
| District | Asipovichy District |
| Population (2010) | |
| • Total | 678 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK) |
| Postal code | 213714 |
| Area code | +375 2235 |
Prior to the destruction of the Jewish community during the Holocaust, it was home to a plurality Jewish population.
History
editSvislach has been inhabited since at least the 12th century, and was formerly part of the Polotsk Principality of the Early East Slav cultures.
Under the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
editSvislach was the former capital of the Svislach principality of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was the sight of the Svislach Castle, a wooden baroque monument with a moat and rampart, which was originally built in the 12th century, was destroyed and rebuilt, until it was demolished by Soviet authorities.[4] In the 14th century work, List of Russian Cities, Near and Far, Svislach is listed among the castles of Lithuania. In 1506, the town was destroyed by Tatars, and again in 1535 by invaders from Moscow.[5]
In the mid-16th century, Svislach became the property of Lithuanian nobleman Lukas Garaburdov. In the 1565 territorial reform, it became a part of the Minsk Voivodeship. In the Russo-Polish War of 1654, it captured various Cossack territory. In 1705, a Franciscan Monastery was founded in the town.[6] Throughout the 17th century, Svislach was under control of the Radziwill family.
Under Russian sovereignty
editFollowing the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, Svislach fell under Russian jurisdiction. It became part of the Bobruisk Uezd in the Minsk Governorate. In 1886, there were 47 households, 2 churches, and 2 schools in the village.
During WWI, the village was occupied by German troops in February of 1918.
Under the Third Constituent Charter, Svislach was declared part of the Belarusian People's Republic following the collapse of the Russian Empire. In 1919, it became part of the Belarusian SSR.[7]
Jewish community
editThe first evidence showing Jews living in Svisloch was back in 1717, when documents showed that the Jews of the town paid taxes to the government. By 1766, about 100 Jews lived in the town.[8][9]
By 1897, the town reached its maximum Jewish population, with 1,120 Jews accounting for 62% of the population.[10] In 1923, there were 831 Jews, and in 1926, there were 742 Jews, 41% of the town's population.[11]
The Holocaust
editIn 1941, the village fell under Nazi control during Operation Barbarossa, and the Jews were ordered to wear the yellow Jude patch, but the town did not have a ghetto for Jews at the time. In the summer, the Germans took a dozen Jews outside of the town's borders, and murdered them in the Berezina riverbank.
On October 8, a group of Jews from Svislach and neighboring Yalizava[be] were taken to the Virkau forest between the villages of Virkau and Lianiuka,[8] and were murdered in a killing pit. On October 14, the remaining Jews in the town were rounded up and were brought to the same forest, and also murdered in the killing pit. The total number of victims among the Jews of Svisloch is unknown, but about 200 are accounted for in various records. In 2018, the diary of a gentile resident of the town was found from WWII, in which it was stated that over 1,000 Jews were murdered, but this figure contradicts evidence about the size of the Jewish community at the time.
A few Jews from the community managed to survive the Holocaust in different ways, and some returned to the village following the end of WWII, but did not maintain a Jewish community. After the war, a monument was erected in the city of Bobruisk in memory of the massacred Jews.[8]
Modern times
editSvislach is the site of local pediatric medical tourism, with one of the largest children's sanitoriums in the region.[12]
In the 2000s, Swislach received the official status of agrotown. In 2001, there were 277 households, and that number expanded to 314 by 2007.
Demography
edit| Year | 1886 | 1890 | 1999 | 2001 | 2007 | 2010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 420 | 1,000 | 852 | 820 | 760 | 678 |
Gallery
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References
edit- ^ Names of settlements of Republic of Belarus Mogilev region: regulatory guide / I. Gaponenko, et al.; Publisher: V. Lemtiugova . — Minsk, 2007. — 406 p. ISBN 978-985-458-159-0
- ^ Gaponenko, Irina Olegovna (2007). Назвы населеных пунктаў Рэспублікі Беларусь: Магілёўская вобласць. Minsk: Тэхналогія. p. 67. ISBN 978-985-458-159-0.
- ^ Short toponymic dictionary of Belarus / V.A. Zhuchkevich . — Minsk : Publishing House of BSU, 1974. — 448 p. P. 337
- ^ Bich, M.O.; Pashkoŭ, Henadzʹ (2003). Ėntsyklapedyi︠a︡ Historyi Belarusi (in Belarusian). Minsk: Belaruskai︠a︡ Ėntsyklapedyi︠a︡ Imi︠a︡ Petrusi︠a︡ Broŭki. p. 264. ISBN 9785857000748.
- ^ Genadz, Patrovi (1974). Vkl 2 (in Belarusian). Minsk: Belaruskaa e ncyklapedya i ma Petrusa Brou ki. p. 559. ISBN 9789851103948.
- ^ Kylagin, Anatoliy, Katalitskiya khramyi Belarusyi — Minsk, 2008 p. 453
- ^ "Іван Саверчанка, Зьміцер Санько. 150 пытанняў і адказаў з гісторыі Беларусі". knihi.com (in Belarusian). Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^ a b c "Леонид Смиловицкий: По следам еврейских кладбищ Беларуси. Свислочь". Berkovich-Zametki. 7 November 2019. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 6 Apr 2023.
- ^ "ЕЭБЕ/Свислочь, местечко Минской губернии — Викитека". ru.wikisource.org (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^ "Svisloch". Russian Jewish Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 4 Mar 2016. Retrieved 6 Apr 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Untold Stories - Svislach". Yad Vashem.
- ^ ""Детский санаторий Свислочь" -" (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^ Bich, M.O.; Pashkoŭ, Henadzʹ (2003). Ėntsyklapedyi︠a︡ Historyi Belarusi (in Belarusian). Minsk: Belaruskai︠a︡ Ėntsyklapedyi︠a︡ Imi︠a︡ Petrusi︠a︡ Broŭki. p. 264. ISBN 9785857000748.
- ^ Jelski A. Świsłocz (3) // Słownik geograficzny... T. XI. - Warsaw, 1890. p. 720 -721.
- ^ Пашкоў, Генадзь (2002). Belaruskai͡a ėntsyklapedyi͡a Vol 14 (in Belarusian). Minsk: Беларуская энцыклапедыя. p. 266. ISBN 9851102385.