A swing producer or swing supplier is a supplier or a close oligopolistic group of suppliers of any commodity, controlling its global deposits and possessing large spare production capacity. A swing producer is able to increase or decrease commodity supply at minimal additional internal cost, and thus able to influence prices and balance the markets, providing downside protection in the short to middle term. Examples of swing producers include Saudi Arabia[1] in oil,[2] Russia in potash fertilizers,[3] and, historically, the De Beers Company in diamonds.[4]
Modes
editBy modeling the swing producer behavior, John Morecroft describes two modes: normal swing mode and punitive mode. Usually in the normal mode, the swing producer responds to market price fluctuations by marginally increasing or decreasing its output in order to maintain stable prices for all producers. However, independent participants can take unjust advantage of the reduced supply and increase their output in order to win a larger market share. In such cases, the swing producer switches to the punitive mode and greatly increases its product output in order to reduce prices, causing losses for other producers and making them cooperate.[5] Swing consumers to nullify the exorbitant pricing power of the swing producers, regulate their consumption or utilize their reserve production capacity or depend on the stocks available to reduce imports till the prices reduce to comfortable level.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Rashid Husain, Syed (March 26, 2006). "Iraq emerges as new 'swing producer' in Opec". DAWN. Archived from the original on Dec 1, 2008.
- ^ Al-Naimi, Ali (2016). Out of the Desert. Great Britain: Portfolio Penguin. p. 121. ISBN 9780241279250.
- ^ Russia becomes swing producer in global potash market. Russian producers break the potash barrier, as price beats $300 and fixes at $330. // John Helmer, 29 August 2007
- ^ Contemporary Business 2009 Update, by Louis E. Boone, David L. Kurtz, page 72
- ^ Morecroft, John D. W.; van der Heijden, Kees А. J. М. (1990). "MODELLING ТНЕ OIL PRODUCERS" (PDF). System Dynamics Society. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2016-01-13.
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External links
edit- "Russia eyes swing producer role to influence prices", Forbes, writing by Dmitry Zhdannikov, editing by James Jukwey, October 22, 2008
- "Saudi Arabia will remain swing producer", Energy Press & Journal, 2008
- "The Looming Crisis In Worldwide Oil Supplies", E. Hunter Herron, July 2000, Petroleum Equities Inc.