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CCIR System M

(Redirected from System M)

CCIR System M,[1][2][3] sometimes called 525–line, NTSC, NTSC-M, or CCIR-M,[4][5] is the analog broadcast television system approved by the FCC (upon recommendation by the National Television System Committee - NTSC)[6] for use in the United States since July 1, 1941,[7][8] replacing the 441-line TV system introduced in 1938.[8] It is also known as EIA standard 170.[9] System M comprises a total of 525 interlaced lines of video, of which 486 contain the image information, at 30 frames per second. Video is amplitude modulated and audio is frequency modulated, with a total bandwidth of 6 MHz for each channel, including a guard band.[10]

Analog TV systems global map, with System M in red.

It was also adopted in the Americas and Caribbean; Myanmar, Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan and Japan (here with minor differences, informally referred to as System J). System M doesn't specify a color system, but NTSC color encoding was normally used, with some exceptions: NTSC-J in Japan, PAL-M in Brazil and SECAM-M in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam (see Color standards section below).

The letter M designation was attributed by the ITU at the 1961 Stockholm meeting (see ITU identification scheme).[11]

In 1965, Thailand decided to replace System M with 625-line CCIR System B, which started in 1967, adopting PAL at the same time.[12]

Circa 2003, the transition from analog System M to digital television broadcasting began, and in 2009 the United States ended analog transmissions. Other nations such as Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the Philippines also transitioned to digital.

Specifications

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Further information: Broadcast television systems § ITU identification scheme

Some of the important specifications for System M are listed below:[13]

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    Radio spectrum of a System M television channel with NTSC color
  •  
    Plan showing VHF frequency ranges for ITU Systems

Color standards

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Television color encoding by nation: Brazil (PAL-M) and all green countries (NTSC) are based on monochrome System M.

NTSC-M and NTSC-J

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Main articles: NTSC and NTSC-J

Strictly speaking, System M does not designate how color is transmitted. However, in nearly every System M country, NTSC color encoding is used for color television. This combination is called NTSC-M, but usually simply referred to as "NTSC", because of the relative lack of importance of black-and-white television. In NTSC-M and Japan's NTSC-J, the frame rate is offset slightly, becoming 30⁄1.001 frames per second, usually labeled as the rounded number 29.97.

PAL-M

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Main article: PAL-M

The main exception to System M's being paired with NTSC color is Brazil, where PAL color is used instead, resulting in the PAL-M combination unique to that country. It is monochrome-compatible with other System M countries, but not compatible with other PAL countries, which use 625-line based systems.

SECAM-M

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Main article: SECAM

Between 1970 and 1991 a variation of the SECAM color system, known as SECAM-M, was used in Cambodia,[14] Laos, and Vietnam (Hanoi and other northern cities).

Clear-Vision

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Main article: Clear-Vision

Clear-Vision is a Japanese EDTV (Extended Definition TV)[15][16] television system introduced in the 1990s, that improves audio and video quality while remaining compatible with the existing System M broadcast standard.[15][17] Developed to improve analog NTSC,[18] it adds features like progressive scan, ghost cancellation and widescreen image format.[19]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Korea Electronics Association (1991). Journal of Korean Electronics (PDF).
  2. ^ Alonso, Rodney Martínez; Pupo, Ernesto Fontes; Pan, Changyong (June 10, 2015). "Co-channel and adjacent channel interference in DTMB with 6MHz channel bandwidth". 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting. pp. 1–5. doi:10.1109/BMSB.2015.7177274. ISBN 978-1-4799-5865-8. S2CID 11038252 – via IEEE Xplore.
  3. ^ "C.C.I.R - Documents of the Xlth Plenary Assembly Oslo, 1966" (PDF).
  4. ^ Pupo, Ernesto Fontes; Alvarez, Rufino Cabrera; García, Alejandro González; Hernández, Reinier Díaz (October 10, 2020). "Protection ratios and overload thresholds between 700 MHz FDD-LTE and analog/digital terrestrial television". 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB). pp. 1–5. doi:10.1109/BMSB49480.2020.9379925. ISBN 978-1-7281-5784-9. S2CID 232373635 – via IEEE Xplore.
  5. ^ Odiaga, Martínez; Joussef, Hansel; Medina, Yarlequé; Augusto, Manuel (November 10, 2016). "Interference between UHF analog/digital television and LTE APT 700 MHz band: A field evaluation". 2016 8th IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications (LATINCOM). pp. 1–5. doi:10.1109/LATINCOM.2016.7811615. ISBN 978-1-5090-5137-3. S2CID 11567258 – via IEEE Xplore.
  6. ^ Pursell, Carroll (April 30, 2008). A Companion to American Technology. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470695333 – via Google Books.
  7. ^ Herbert, Stephen (June 21, 2004). A History of Early Television. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415326681 – via Google Books.
  8. ^ a b Meadow, Charles T. (February 11, 2002). Making Connections: Communication through the Ages. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9781461706915 – via Google Books.
  9. ^ Canon ES8400V Instruction Manual, Canon, p. 72
  10. ^ Rova, Andy (February 22, 2005). NTSC: Nice Technology, Super Color.
  11. ^ Final acts of the European Broadcasting Conference in the VHF and UHF bands. Stockholm, 1961.
  12. ^ "The Project of Nationwide Television Broadcasting Network in Thailand" (PDF). Overseas Technical Cooperation Agency, Government of Japan. January 1967. p. 234. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  13. ^ "World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms". 2007-05-15. Archived from the original on 2007-05-15. Retrieved 2023-04-13.
  14. ^ Broadband Data Book (PDF). Cisco. August 2019. p. 31.
  15. ^ a b Fukinuki, Takahiko (March 1991). "EDTV".
  16. ^ "HI-Vision TV is given a low survival rating". Australian Financial Review. February 5, 1992.
  17. ^ Pollack, Andrew (September 15, 1994). "Japanese Taking to Wide-Screen TV". The New York Times – via NYTimes.com.
  18. ^ Recommendation ITU-R BT.1118-1 - Enhanced compatible widescreen television based on conventional television systems (PDF). ITU. 1997.
  19. ^ "Digital Television in Europe and Japan" (PDF).
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