Thomas François Burgers (15 April 1834 – 9 December 1881) was a South African politician and minister who served as the 4th president of the South African Republic from 1872 to 1877. He was the youngest child of Barend and Elizabeth Burger of the farm Langefontein in the Camdeboo district of Graaff Reinet, Cape Colony.
Thomas François Burgers | |
|---|---|
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| 4th State President of the South African Republic | |
| In office 1 July 1872 – 12 April 1877 | |
| Preceded by | Daniel Jacobus Erasmus |
| Succeeded by | None (British annexation) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 15 April 1834 Langefontein, Graaff-Reinet, Cape Colony |
| Died | 9 December 1881 (aged 47) Richmond, Cape Colony |
| Resting place | Heroes' Acre, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa |
| Spouse | Mary Bryson (1836–1929) |
| Alma mater | Utrecht University |
| Occupation | Christian minister |
Biography
editAfter studying theology at the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands, Burgers became the parson of Hanover, South Africa, in 1859. A charmingly eloquent, but fiercely individualistic man, he had been influenced by Professor C. W. Opzoomer in the Netherlands and embraced his rationalist, liberal ideas.
Burgers quickly became involved in a stormy controversy with the Dutch Reformed synod over his alleged liberalism and disbelief in the literal truth of the Bible. He was critical of traditional culture and strongly emphasised knowledge and rationalism. In 1862, his unorthodox doctrine brought on him an accusation of heresy, and in 1864, he was found guilty by the Synod and suspended. The Supreme Court overturned the decision, and in 1865, he was readmitted to the ministry. Some of his liberal theological ideas and his diverting viewpoints can be found in the sketches he wrote about daily life in Hanover.[1][2]
The burghers of the South African Republic urged Burgers to stand for the presidency, and he was elected by the considerable majority of 2,964 to William Robinson’s 388 in 1872.
The South African Republic's first coins, the Burgerspond, were introduced by Burgers in 1874, responding to a demand for coinage from the populace dating back to 1853. Burgers sent a portrait of himself to his UK consul-general, who commissioned the coins to be struck at Heaton's Mint in Birmingham, England. Some people in the South African Republic objected to the issue of the Burgerspond, because the portrayal of the president on coins likened him to a dictator.[3]
The 1905 New International Encyclopedia described Burgers's policies as president as "characterized by brilliant but impracticable schemes, aiming chiefly at territorial expansion."[4] One of his plans, inspired by the neighbouring Cape Prime Minister John Molteno's massive railway programme, was to build a railway linking the Transvaal to the sea. In 1875 he traveled to Europe to raise funds, but his plans were thwarted by the Pedi chief Sekhukhune, whose lands lay in the path of the proposed railway.[5][pages needed]
By 1877, Burgers was very unpopular and his government was insolvent. Britain, keen on expanding their empire, stepped in and annexed the Transvaal. Burgers retired from political life, settled in the Cape Colony again, and died in 1881, and leaving his family destitute. Coming to the family's aid, Burgers's former private secretary, Th.M. Tromp, published the sketches Burgers had written about his experiences as minister in Hanover. The proceeds of the book, in Dutch and published in the Netherlands, were used to alleviate his family's financial problems.[2] He was a South African Freemason.[6][7] He ended his days disheartened and in poverty. His body was disinterred in 1895, to be reburied in the Pretoria cemetery now known as the Heroes' Acre.[8]
See also
editBibliography
edit- Burgers, Th.F. (1882). Toneelen uit ons dorp. Den Haag: Henri J. Stemberg.
- Burgers, Th.F. (2008). Wium van Zyl (ed.). Tonele uit ons dorp. Kaapstad: Africana Uitgewers.
- Burgers, Thomas Francois (1979). M S Appelgryn (ed.). Staatspresident 1872-1877. Pretoria en Kaapstad: H.A.U.M.
References
edit
Notes
edit- ^ Burgers. Toneelen uit ons dorp.
- ^ a b de Jong-Goossens, Riet (April 2008). "Menselijk en overtuigend: de dorpstonelen van Burgers". Maandblad Zuid-Afrika (in Dutch). 85 (4): 78–79.
- ^ "South Africa's first gold coin: the Burgers Pond". CoinWeek. 30 October 2012. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
J.J. Pratt
- ^ Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
- ^ Bond, J. (1956). "The Makers of Railways". They were South Africans. London: Oxford University Press.
- ^ Kleijn, A. "Voortrekkers, generaals en presidente was vrymesselaars". Bronberger newspaper. Archived from the original on 3 September 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
- ^ Frescura, Franco (2017). "Symbolic Dimensions of 19th Century Dutch Colonial Settlement at the Cape of Good Hope". J. Study Relig. 30 (2). Pretoria: 297–329. doi:10.17159/2413-3027/2017/v30n2a13. ISSN 1011-7601. OCLC 8520852745.
- ^ Webster, Roger (2003), At the fireside: true South African stories, vol. 2, Spearhead Press, p. 27, ISBN 0-86486-536-8
Literature
edit- de Jong-Goossens, Riet (April 2008). "Menselijk en overtuigend: de dorpstonelen van Burgers". Maandblad Zuid-Afrika. 85 (4): 78–79.
- Gon, Dr. Philip. “The Last Frontier War.” Military History Journal 5, no. 6. Military History Journal. The South African History Society. (December 1982).
- Grobler, Jackie. “State formation and strife, 1850-1900” In A History of South Africa: From the Distant Past to the Present Day, edited by Fransjohan Pretorius, Pretoria: Protea Book House, 2014.
- Kinsey, H.W., "The Sekukuni Wars." Military History Journal 2, no. 5. The South African Military History Society. (June 1973). http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol025hk.html