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TCG Anadolu

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TCG Anadolu (L-400)[8][9] is an amphibious assault ship of the Turkish Navy.[19] It is named after the peninsula of Anatolia (Turkish: Anadolu) which forms the majority of the land mass of Turkey. The construction works began on 30 April 2016 at the shipyard of Sedef Shipbuilding Inc. in Istanbul, with the keel being laid on 7 February 2018.[2][3][4][5][1][20] TCG Anadolu was commissioned with a ceremony on 10 April 2023.[6][21][22][23][24]

TCG Anadolu conducting naval exercises in the Mediterranean Sea, August 2023
History
Turkey
NameAnadolu
NamesakeAnatolia
Ordered1 June 2015
BuilderSedef Shipbuilding, Inc.
CostOver $1 billion [1]
Laid down7 February 2018[1]
Launched30 April 2019[2][3][4][5]
Commissioned10 April 2023[6][7]
IdentificationPennant number: L-400[8][9]
StatusIn active service
General characteristics
Class and typeJuan Carlos I-class amphibious assault ship-aircraft carrier
Displacement
  • 27,436 tons ("amphibious assault ship" configuration)[10]
  • 24,660 tons ("V/STOL aircraft carrier" configuration)[11]
Length232 m (761 ft 2 in)[5]
Beam32 m (105 ft 0 in)[5]
Height58 m (190 ft 3 in)[13]
Depth27.5 m (90 ft 3 in)[13]
Propulsion
Speed
  • Maximum speed: 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph)[5]
  • Cruise speed: 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph)[12]
Range9,000 nautical miles (17,000 km; 10,000 mi) at 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph)[5]
Endurance50 days[13] 30 days without replenishment[12]
Boats & landing
craft carried		6 xType LCVP[12]
Capacity
Complement1223 (371 naval officers and seamen, 50 naval aviation personnel, 50 hospital personnel, 550-700 amphibious marines, others)[12]
Sensors and
processing systems		SMART-S Mk.2 S-band 3D radar, SPN-720 Naval Precision Approach Radar, GENESIS-ADVENT Combat Management System, IRST, IFF, TDL, VMF, SATCOM, LWR, DDS, Torpedo Defense System,[2] Aselsan Piri-100 Infrared Search and Tracking System[14]
Armament
Aircraft carried

The vessel is intended to meet the various needs and requirements of the Turkish Armed Forces, such as sustaining long-endurance, long-distance military combat or humanitarian relief operations, while acting as a command center and flagship for the Turkish Navy.[3]

The Sedef–Navantia consortium won the tender for the amphibious assault ship project of the Turkish Navy. Anadolu used the same design as that of the Spanish ship Juan Carlos I. All of the ship's weapon systems were procured by Turkish firms Aselsan and Havelsan.[25][26][27][28][29][30] The ship features a Turkish combat management system, the GENESIS-ADVENT,[31][32][33] which was integrated by Aselsan and Havelsan.[34] Aircraft landing is assisted in all weather condition by Leonardo SPN-720[35] Precision Approach Radar.

Navantia provided design, technology transfer, equipment and technical assistance to Sedef Shipyard of Turkey for the design and development of Anadolu.[36][37]

History

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Design and specifications

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In December 2013, the Turkish LPD/LHD program was originally estimated to cost €375 million ($500 million).[38] According to the original plan, the Turkish Navy wanted a slightly shorter flight deck without the ski-jump ramp in front, to be optimized for use with only helicopters.[11]

The Turkish Navy later changed its plan and opted for a fully equipped flight deck with the ski-jump ramp in front, after deciding to purchase F-35B STOVL aircraft.[11][39][2][3][5] Turkey was a Level 3 partner in the Joint Strike Fighter program that led to the F-35 Lightning II. The Turkish Air Force was intending to get the F-35A CTOL version, until the U.S. Senate blocked the export of the fighter jet to Turkey due to its purchase of the S-400 missile system from Russia, which is subjected to CAATSA sanctions. Instead of the F-35B STOVL version, in the short term the Turkish Navy will operate domestically-produced UCAVs such as the Bayraktar TB3.

According to the official specifications, TCG Anadolu will be capable of operating up to 10 F-35Bs, if Turkey purchases the aircraft in the future, and 12 medium-sized helicopters in the "V/STOL aircraft carrier" configuration.[11][40]

The dimensions of the final design are 231 meters (757 ft 10 in) in length, a 32-meter (105 ft 0 in) beam, a 6.8-meter (22 ft 4 in) draft, and 58 meters (190 ft 3 in) in height.[11] Its displacement will be 24,660 tons in "V/STOL aircraft carrier" mission configuration, or 27,079 tons in "amphibious assault ship" mission configuration.[11] Its maximum speed will be 21.5 knots (39.8 km/h; 24.7 mph) in "STOVL aircraft carrier" configuration, or 29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph) in "amphibious assault ship" configuration.[11] Its maximum range will be 9,000 nautical miles (17,000 km; 10,000 mi) at an economical speed.[11]

Amphibious assault ship configuration

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The ship has a 1,880 m2 (20,200 sq ft) light cargo garage for TEU containers and 27 Amphibious Assault Vehicles (AAV);[11] a 1,165 m2 (12,540 sq ft) dock which can host four Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM) or two Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC), or two Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP);[11] and a 1,410 m2 (15,200 sq ft) garage for heavy loads, which can host 29 main battle tanks (MBT), Amphibious Assault Vehicles, and TEU containers.[11] The ship will be protected by the ARAS-2023 diver detection sonar (DDS). It will have a crew of 261 personnel: 30 officers, 49 NCOs, 59 leading seamen, and 123 ratings.[41][11]

V/STOL aircraft carrier configuration

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The ship has a 5,440 m2 (58,600 sq ft) flight deck and a 990 m2 (10,700 sq ft) aviation hangar which can accommodate either 12 medium-sized helicopters or 8 Boeing CH-47F Chinook heavy-lift helicopters.[11] When the aviation hangar and the light cargo garage are unified, the ship can carry up to 25 medium-sized helicopters.[11] Alternatively, the ship can carry up to 10 F-35B STOVL fighter jets and 12 medium-sized helicopters,[11] with the possibility of hosting six more helicopters on the flight deck of the ship.[11]

Aircraft types

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The S-70B-28 Seahawk and the AH-1W Super Cobra are the two main types of helicopters that are used on TCG Anadolu, with the occasional use of the Boeing CH-47F Chinook helicopters in the inventory of the Turkish Army during military exercises and operations.[42] The AH-1W Super Cobra helicopters will eventually be complemented and replaced by the TAI T929 ATAK 2.[17]

The MALE Bayraktar TB3[43][44][45] and the jet-powered, low-observable Bayraktar MIUS Kızılelma[46][21][47][48] are the two UCAVs that are specifically designed and manufactured to be used on TCG Anadolu.

Construction and commissioning

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The final contract for the construction of the ship was signed with the Navantia-Sedef consortium on 7 May 2015.[11][39][49] The commissioning of the ship was initially scheduled for 2021,[11][39][49] and the estimated cost of the ship according to the final specifications was declared as $1 billion in 2015.[11] The construction works began on 30 April 2016 at the shipyard of Sedef Shipbuilding Inc. in Istanbul.[2][3][4][5]

A small area in the forward of the ship caught fire whilst in dry dock on the evening of 29 April 2019, but the fire was quickly extinguished and the minor damage on the coating paint (stains of smoke and flames) was subsequently repaired with a fresh repainting.[50]

On 27 February 2022, the sea trials of TCG Anadolu began.[51]

TCG Anadolu was commissioned with a ceremony, attended by President Erdoğan, on 10 April 2023.[6][52][21][22][23]

The construction of a sister ship, to be named TCG Trakya, is being planned by the Turkish Navy.[53][54]

See also

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  Media related to TCG Anadolu (L-400) at Wikimedia Commons

References

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  1. ^ a b "Keel Laying of Future Turkish Navy LHD TCG Anadolu". Navy Recognition. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Turkey Started the Construction of its future LHD TCG Anadolu". Navy Recognition. 2 May 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d e "The Construction Of The Multipurpose Amphibious Assault Ship TCG Anadolu Has Started". Bosphorus Naval News. 2 May 2016.
  4. ^ a b c "First steel cut for Turkish LHD ship". Naval Today. 3 May 2016.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Technical specifications of TCG Anadolu (L-400)". Turkishnavy.net. 2 May 2016.
  6. ^ a b c "Dünyanın ilk SİHA gemisi TCG Anadolu! Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Nihai hedefimiz tam bağımsız savunma sanayiidir". CNN Türk. 10 April 2023.
  7. ^ "Türkiye'de bir ilk! TCG Anadolu envantere girdi". Hürriyet. 10 April 2023.
  8. ^ a b "TCG Anadolu envantere girmeye hazırlanıyor". SavunmaSanayiST.com. 2019-11-21.
  9. ^ a b "Türkiye'nin ilk uçak gemisi TCG Anadolu'da test süreci başladı". Turksail.com. 2020-02-02.
  10. ^ "TCG ANADOLU Amfibi Hücum Gemisi envantere girdi". savunmasanayist.com. 10 April 2023.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Turkey signs contract with Navantia-Sedef for the construction of a light aircraft carrier", Dartmouth Centre for Seapower and Strategy, Plymouth University, 11 May 2015.
  12. ^ a b c d Mustafa Emir Bilgen (11 May 2023). "(L-400) TCG ANADOLU Çok Maksatlı Amfibi Gemisi". mavivatan.net.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i "TCG Anadolu Çok Maksatlı Amfibi Hücum Gemisi (LHD)". millisavunma.com. 26 April 2023.
  14. ^ http://www.mavivatannet [dead link‍]
  15. ^ "Deniz Kuvvetleri Bütün AH-1W Super Cobra'ları Teslim Aldı". savunmasanayist.com. 5 April 2022.
  16. ^ Yunus Berat Tahan (26 May 2022). "Türk Donanmasının AH-1W taarruz helikopterleri göreve başladı". defenceturk.net.
  17. ^ a b Paul Iddon (24 November 2022). "TCG Anadolu: Turkey's New Flagship Will Carry Unique Aircraft". Forbes.
  18. ^ "Turkish Navy Commissions TCG Anadolu Amphibious Assault Ship". defenceturkey.com. 10 April 2023.
  19. ^ ""TCG Anadolu is the first UCAV carrier in the world"". Presidency Of The Republic Of Türkiye. Government of Türkiye. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  20. ^ "Turkey's TCG Anadolu to allow drones to land, takeoff in global 1st". 25 March 2021.
  21. ^ a b c Emma Helfrich (11 April 2023). "Turkey's 'Drone Carrier' Amphibious Assault Ship Enters Service". thedrive.com.
  22. ^ a b "Turkish Navy Officially Welcomes Its New Flagship, TCG Anadolu". TRT World. 11 April 2023.
  23. ^ a b "Turkish Navy Commissions TCG Anadolu Amphibious Assault Ship". defenceturkey.com. Defence Turkey. 10 April 2023.
  24. ^ "TCG Anadolu (L-400) passing under the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge at the Dardanelles strait, with the Gallipoli peninsula in the background". kaleninsesi.com. 2 May 2023.
  25. ^ "Turkey's 'national flagship' set to sail in 2021". hurriyetdailynews. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  26. ^ Navantia: "Navantia and local partner selected by Turkey for construction of one LPD based on the Juan Carlos I", 27 December 2013.
  27. ^ Navy Recognition: "Turkey selects Navantia's Juan Carlos LHD design as winner of its LPD tender", 28 December 2013.
  28. ^ World Maritime News: "Navantia and SEDEF Join Forces to Construct LHD and LCMs for Turkish Navy", 7 January 2014.
  29. ^ World Maritime News: Concept design of the Turkish variant of Juan Carlos I (L-61) class BPE
  30. ^ "Turkey's Future LHD Could Be Modified as an "Aircraft Carrier" to Deploy F-35B Jets". 2 January 2015.
  31. ^ "Navantia and SEDEF Join Forces to Construct LHD and LCMs for Turkish Navy". World Maritime News. 7 January 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  32. ^ "Model of the Turkish variant of Juan Carlos I (L-61) class LHD". Dartmouth Centre for Seapower and Strategy, Plymouth University. 11 May 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
  33. ^ "Turkey's Future LHD Could Be Modified as an "Aircraft Carrier" to Deploy F-35B Jets". Navy Recognition.com. 2 January 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  34. ^ "Turkish Navy Future LHD Model Showcased with F-35B STOVL Aircraft at IDEF 2015" (Press release).
  35. ^ "SPN 720". Leonardo Company. 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  36. ^ "Navantia and local partner selected by Turkey for construction of one LPD based on the Juan Carlos I" (Press release). Navantia. 27 December 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2015.[dead link‍]
  37. ^ "Turkey selects Navantia's Juan Carlos LHD design as winner of its LPD tender". Navy Recognition.com. 28 December 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  38. ^ "Turkey Selects Local Shipyard for LPD Contract". defensenews.com. 29 December 2013. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  39. ^ a b c "The Contract For LPD Construction Has Been Signed", Bosphorus Naval News, 19 May 2015.
  40. ^ "Turkey's New Assault Carrier Will Transform Navy".
  41. ^ "TCG Anadolu'yu yerli ARAS-2023 koruyacak | STAR". Star.com.tr. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
  42. ^ "TCG Anadolu eğitim gerçekleştirdi". TRT Haber. 8 June 2023.
  43. ^ "Bayraktar TB3". baykartech.com. Baykar Technology.
  44. ^ "Bayraktar TB3 UCAV: General Information". baykartech.com. Baykar Technology.
  45. ^ "Türkiye's new combat drone completes endurance flight test". baykartech.com. Baykar Technology. 22 December 2023.
  46. ^ "Baykar's unmanned fighter aircraft completes first flight". baykartech.com. Baykar Technology. 15 December 2022.
  47. ^ Tayfun Özberk (1 May 2022). "Here Is How UAVs Will Be Recovered Aboard TCG Anadolu". navalnews.com. Naval News.
  48. ^ "Bayraktar Kızılelma's Formation Flights — A First in Aviation History". Baykar Technologies. 5 June 2023.
  49. ^ a b "Havuzlu Çıkarma Gemisi 2021 yılında Deniz Kuvvetleri'ne teslim edilecek", Denizhaber.com.tr, 7 May 2015.
  50. ^ "Turkish first aircraft carrier on fire VIDEO". Maritime Bulletin.
  51. ^ Ozberk, Tayfun (2022-02-28). "Turkey's future LHD Anadolu Starts Sea Trials". Naval News. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  52. ^ Hacaoglu, Selcan (10 April 2023). "Erdogan to Show Military Clout With Drone Carrier as Vote Looms". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  53. ^ Ahmet Doğan (2019-11-09). "TCG Trakya ne zaman bitecek?". DenizHaber.com.
  54. ^ Anıl Şahin (2019-02-14). "Deniz Kuvvetlerinden TCG Trakya açıklaması". SavunmaSanayiST.com.
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