The Garrett TPF351 is a turboprop engine designed by Garrett Engine Division of AlliedSignal Aerospace Company. Initiated by Garrett in October 1987, the TPF351-20 engine was selected by Embraer to power the Embraer/FMA CBA 123 Vector, a high-speed commuter "pusher" aircraft. It was first tested on May 19, 1989 and then ground tested and flight tested on a Boeing 720 on July 9, 1990. The first prototype CBA 123 was tested on July 18, 1990,[1] followed by a flight to the Farnborough Air Show in September of the same year.[2] Both programs were cancelled in 1992, when the TPF351 was nine months from engine certification.[1]
| TPF351 | |
|---|---|
| |
| Type | Turboprop |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Garrett Engine Division of AlliedSignal Aerospace |
| First run | May 19, 1989 |
| Major applications | Embraer/FMA CBA 123 Vector |
| Developed from | Garrett TPE331 |
Design
editIt was built on the 1,310 kW (1,760 hp) TPE331-14 which power the Jetstream 41, keeping its combustor system and high pressure turbine, already of the right size. The two-stage centrifugal compressor is scaled-up from the Garrett F109 turbofan of the Fairchild T-46 and Promavia Jet Squalus trainers. The engine ran about 60 °F (33 °C) hotter than the TPE331-14 in the core.[3] It was Garrett's first free-turbine turboshaft, avoiding the high reduction gear of a single spool turboprop and allowing an easier starting since the gas generator is disengaged from the power turbine. The HP spool turns at 31,500 rpm while the LP spool turns at 19,444, reduced to 1,700 for the propeller: a 11.4 reduction ratio. Power can grow by 25% within the same size.[4]
It is assembled from six modules: accessory gearbox, compressor, combustor, gas-generator turbine, power turbine, and propeller gearbox. The FADEC provides torque-limiting protection, propeller synchronization, auto-propeller feathering and auto-relight. It could have powered growth versions of the Beech Starship or Piaggio Avanti. A large-diameter bore hole running through the compressor and turbines allow a concentric shaft to connect the power turbine to a front-mounted gearbox to convert it to a tractor configuration.[4]
The engine was originally called the TPE331-16, but by 1988 it was renamed to the TPF351-20.[5] The "TPF" represented "Turbine PropFan",[6] while the -20 suffix indicated the 2,000 shp (1,500 kW) nominal thermodynamic power rating.[5]
Applications
editSpecifications (TPF351-20)
editData from Flight International, 28 November 1990 [4]
General characteristics
- Type: Turboprop
- Length: 6.39 ft (1.95 m)[7]
- Diameter: 1.96 ft (0.60 m)[7]
- Dry weight: 800 lb (363 kg) with all accessories
Components
- Compressor: Two-stage centrifugal compressor
- Combustors: Reverse-flow annular combustor
- Turbine: Two-stage high-pressure axial turbine, three-stage free-power axial turbine
Performance
- Maximum power output: 1,500 hp (1,120 kW) reduction gearbox, 2,110 hp (1,570 kW) thermodynamic
- Overall pressure ratio: 14:1[8]
- Specific fuel consumption: 0.495 lb/(hp⋅h) (301 g/kWh) in cruise[8]
- Thrust-to-weight ratio: 1.88 hp/lb (3.09 kW/kg)
See also
editRelated development
Comparable engines
Related lists
References
edit- ^ a b Leyes & Fleming 1999, p. 711
- ^ Miller, R. (1 April 1991). "Garrett TPF351-20 Engine Flight Test and Ground Test Performance". SAE Technical Paper.
- ^ Leyes & Fleming 1999, p. 710
- ^ a b c "Vector pushes ahead with TPF351". Flight International. 28 November 1990.
- ^ a b "Garrett engine is redesignated". Regional Airline Report. Airline Executive. February 1988. p. 12. ISSN 0278-6702.
- ^ "Embraer unveils Time Machine". Regional Airline Report. Airline Executive. July 1989. p. 15. ISSN 0278-6702.
- ^ a b Elliott, Simon (November 11, 1992). "Small-turbine directory". Flight International. Vol. 142, no. 4344. pp. 39+. ISSN 0015-3710. Gale A12900382.
- ^ a b Lambert, Mark (May 1988). "TPF351-20, the Garrett free turbine turboprop". Interavia. p. 484. ISSN 0020-5168.
Bibliography
edit
- Leyes, Richard A., II; Fleming, William A. (1999). The history of North American small gas turbine aircraft engines. Reston, VA: National Air and Space Museum and American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). ISBN 1-56347-332-1. OCLC 247550535.
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