Taiwanese Braille is the braille script used in Taiwan for Taiwanese Mandarin (Guoyu).[1] Although based marginally on international braille, most consonants have been reassigned;[2] also, like Chinese Braille, Taiwanese Braille is a semi-syllabary.
Taiwanese Braille ⠅⠒⠂⠳⠈⠀⠙⠞⠈⠓⠱⠐ | |
---|---|
Script type | |
Print basis | Zhuyin |
Languages | Standard Mandarin |
Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Night writing
|
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8f/Taiwanese_Braille.jpg/320px-Taiwanese_Braille.jpg)
An example is,
國 | 語 | 點 | 字 | 記 | 號 | |||||||||||
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ㄍ | ㄨㄛ | ˊ | ㄩ | ˇ | ㄉ | ㄧㄢ | ˇ | ㄗ | ㄭ | ˋ | ㄐ | ㄧ | ˋ | ㄏ | ㄠ | ˋ |
guó | yǔ | diǎn | zì | jì | hào |
Charts
editInitials
editZhuyin | ㄅ | ㄆ | ㄇ | ㄈ | ㄉ | ㄊ | ㄋ | ㄌ | ㄍ | ㄎ | ㄏ | ㄐ | ㄑ | ㄒ | ㄓ | ㄔ | ㄕ | ㄖ | ㄗ | ㄘ | ㄙ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pinyin | b | p | m | f | d | t | n | l | g | k | h | j | q | x | zh | ch | sh | r | z | c | s |
Braille |
The braille letters for zhuyin/pinyin ㄍ g (/k/), ㄘ c (/tsʰ/), and ㄙ s (/s/) double for the alveolo-palatal consonants ㄐ j (/tɕ/), ㄑ q (/tɕʰ/), and ㄒ x (/ɕ/).[3] The latter are followed by close front vowels, namely ㄧ i (/i/) and ㄩ ü (/y/), so the distinction between g, c, s (or z, k, h) and j, q, x in zhuyin and pinyin is redundant.
Medial + rime
editEach medial + rime in zhuyin is written with a single letter in braille.
⠱ is used for both the empty rime -i ([ɨ]), which is not written in zhuyin, and the rime ㄦ er ([ɐɚ]). See for example 斯 sī (⠑⠱⠄) located above the word Daguerre in the image at right.
Tone Marks
editTone: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zhuyin | — | ˊ | ˇ | ˋ | ˙ |
Pinyin | ˉ | ˊ | ˇ | ˋ | — |
Braille | ⠄ | ⠂ | ⠈ | ⠐ | ⠁ |
Tone is always marked.[4] This includes toneless syllables such as 了 le, rendered ⠉⠮⠁lė in the image above-right.
Punctuation marks
edit。 ・ | , | ; | 、 | ? | ! | : | |
Braille | ⠤ | ⠆ | ⠰ | ⠠ | ⠕ | ⠇ | ⠒⠒ |
__ | ﹏﹏ | …… | — | —— —— | ※ | ◎ | |
Braille | ⠰⠰ | ⠠⠤ | ⠐⠐⠐ | ⠐⠂ | ⠐⠂ ⠐⠂ | ⠈⠼ | ⠪⠕ |
「 ... 」 | 『 ... 』 | ( ... ) | 〔 ... 〕 | { ... } | |
Braille | ⠰⠤ ... ⠤⠆ | ⠦⠦ ... ⠴⠴ | ⠪ ... ⠕ | ⠯ ... ⠽ | ⠦ ... ⠴ |
References
edit- ^ Not for Taiwanese Hokkien, which commonly goes by the name "Taiwanese"
- ^ Only p m d n g c a e ê ü (from p m d n k j ä è dropped-e ü) approximate the French norm. Other letters have been reassigned so that the sets of letters in groups such as d t n l and g k h are similar in shape.
- ^ [sic] One might expect ㄐ j (/tɕ/) to pair with ㄗ z (/ts/), by analogy with the others. Compare here, where the character 學 xué is rendered ⠑⠦⠂ "süé". Historically it could have been either. The principal behind the assignments seems to be that, of the historically appropriate pairs of letters g~z, k~c, and h~s, the letter with the fewer dots is used for j, q, x.
- ^ "JAPANESE BRAILLE. : languagehat.com". languagehat.com. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
- ^ 萬明美, 2001, 「視障教育」, 五南圖書出版股份有限公司, p. 74 ff