The burnished-buff tanager (Stilpnia cayana), also known as the rufous-crowned tanager, is a common South American species of bird in the family Thraupidae.
| Burnished-buff tanager | |
|---|---|
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| Male (flava group) in São Paulo, Brazil | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thraupidae |
| Genus: | Stilpnia |
| Species: | S. cayana
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| Binomial name | |
| Stilpnia cayana (Linnaeus, 1766)
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| Synonyms | |
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Tanagra cayana Linnaeus, 1766 | |
Distribution and habitat
editIt is found in the northern Guianas, most of Venezuela and east-central Colombia; also near the Amazon River outlet in Brazil, as well as most of the east of that country, Paraguay and northeast Argentina. It also occurs very locally in Bolivia and Peru. It can be seen in virtually any semi-open habitat with trees, including human-altered habitats such as gardens, plantations and parks.
Description
edit
There are several subspecies of the burnished-buff tanager, them falling into two main groups: The northern and western cayana group, and the southern and eastern flava group (the subspecies huberi from Marajó Island is intermediate between the two main groups). Males of the cayana group have an orange-rufous crown, black mask, and cream underparts distinctly tinged blue on the throat and chest. Males of the flava group have an orange-buff crown, and buff underparts with a black patch extending from the mask, over the throat and central chest, to the mid-belly. Males of both groups have turquoise wings and tail. Females are duller than the males, and have black restricted to a poorly demarcated "shadow" of a mask.
Diet and behaviour
editIt is a generally common, and usually seen singly or in pairs. As all tanagers, it is a largely frugivorous species, being particularly fond of the fruits of the native Cecropia and Brazilian pepper as well as that of introduced Magnoliaceae such as Michelia champaca.[2]
Taxonomy
editThe burnished-buff tanager was formally described in 1766 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the 12th edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Tanagra cayana.[3] The specific epithet is the Latin form of the type locality, Cayenne in French Guiana.[4][5] The burnished-buff tanager was formerly placed in the genus Tangara. It was moved to the genus Stilpnia that was introduced in 2016.[6][7]
Seven subspecies are recognised:[7]
- S. c. fulvescens(Todd, 1922) – central Colombia
- S. c. cayana (Linnaeus, 1766) – east Colombia and Venezuela, the Guianas and north Brazil; also east Peru, north Bolivia and west-central Brazil
- S. c. huberi (Hellmayr, 1910) – northeast Brazil
- S. c. flava (Gmelin, JF, 1789) – east Brazil
- S. c. sincipitalis (Berlepsch, 1907) – east-central Brazil
- S. c. chloroptera (Vieillot, 1819) – southeast Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina
- S. c. margaritae (Allen, JA, 1891) – southwest Brazil
References
edit- ^ BirdLife International. (2018). "Tangara cayana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T103848314A132198176. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T103848314A132198176.en. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
- ^ "Sor - Sociedade Ornitológica Riograndense". Archived from the original on 2008-06-28. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1766). Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 315.
- ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 375.
- ^ Burns, K.J.; Unitt, P.; Mason, N.A. (2016). "A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes)". Zootaxa. 4088 (3): 329–354. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.2. PMID 27394344.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Tanagers and allies". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
External links
edit- Burnished-buff Tanager videos on the Internet Bird Collection
- Burnished-buff Tanager photo gallery VIREO Photo-High Res-(male)(golden-yellow crown)