In Classical architecture and in art a term or terminal figure (pl.: terms or termini) is a human head and bust that continues down as a square tapering pillar-like form. It is usually distinguished from a herm, which has a head and shoulders only,[1] but the two words may be used rather loosely and interchangeably.
The god Terminus was the Etruscan and Roman deity of boundaries, and classical sources say that boundary markers often took the form of a half-figure of the god on a pillar, though ancient survivals in this form are extremely rare.
In the architecture and the painted architectural decoration of the European Renaissance and the succeeding Classical styles, term figures are quite common. Often they represent minor deities associated with fields and vineyards and the edges of woodland, Pan and fauns and Bacchantes especially, and they may be draped with garlands of fruit and flowers.
Term figures were a particularly characteristic feature of the 16th-century style in furniture and carved interior decoration that is called Antwerp Mannerism. Ornament prints, such as a set of 20 School of Fontainebleau etchings from the 1540s usually given to Jean Mignon, disseminated the style through Germany and England. In these very fanciful Mannerist creations, many of the forms dip in and out of architectural and anatomical shapes.
References
edit- ^ Lucie-Smith, 213
- Cyril M. Harris (1977). Illustrated Dictionary of Historic Architecture. Courier Dover Publications, ISBN 0486132110; p. 528
- Lucie-Smith, Edward, The Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms, 2003 (2nd edn), Thames & Hudson, World of Art series, ISBN 0500203652
External links
edit
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 642.
- Pair of terminal statuettes (The Metropolitan Museum)
- Terminus / Term / Terminal figure (Buffalo Architecture Index)