A death rattle is noisy breathing that often occurs in someone who is near death.[1] It is caused by an accumulation of fluids such as saliva and bronchial secretions in the throat and upper airways.[2] Those who are dying may lose their ability to swallow and may have increased production of bronchial secretions, resulting in such an accumulation.[3] Usually, two or three days earlier, symptoms of approaching death can be observed, such as saliva accumulating in the throat, difficulty taking even a spoonful of water, shortness of breath, and rapid chest movement. While death rattle is a strong indication that someone is near death,[2] it can also be produced by other problems that cause interference with the swallowing reflex, such as brain injuries.[3]
It is sometimes misinterpreted as the sound of the person choking to death or gargling.
Timing
editThis symptom most commonly appears sometime during the last 24 hours of the person's life, although some people live somewhat longer.[4]
Management
editThe dying person is usually unaware of the noisy breathing and is not disturbed by it, but some healthcare providers attempt to minimize the sound for the emotional comfort of family members and caregivers.[1] This may be done through repositioning the person, reducing the volume of IV fluids being given, or giving anticholinergic drugs to reduce secretions.[4] In hospice and palliative care, drugs such as glycopyrronium, hyoscine hydrobromide (scopolamine) or atropine may be used for their anticholinergic effects to reduce secretions and minimize this effect.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Cobbs, Elizabeth L.; et al. "When Death Is Near". MSD Manuals Consumer Version. Merck. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
- ^ a b Wee, B.; Hillier, R. (2008). Wee, B. (ed.). "Interventions for noisy breathing in patients near to death". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (1): CD005177. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005177.pub2. PMC 6478131. PMID 18254072.
- ^ a b Bickel, Kathleen; Kareem, Lava; Bui, Trinh; Arnold, Robert. "Death Rattle and Oral Secretions". Fast Facts. End-of-Life/Palliative Education Resource Center. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
- ^ a b Ferrell, Betty; Coyle, Nessa; Paice, Judith A. (2015). Oxford Textbook of Palliative Nursing (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 253–255. ISBN 9780199332342. OCLC 875629996.
- ^ Hipp, B.; Letizia, M. (2009). "Understanding and responding to the death rattle in dying patients". Medsurg Nursing. 18 (1): 17–21, 32, quiz 22. PMID 19331295.
External links
edit
- Pulmonary Breath Sounds, a page that includes a death rattle sound clip (published by East Tennessee State University)