Galangal

For the rhizome-bearing plant sometimes known as "galingale", see Cyperus longus.

Galangal (/ˈɡæləŋˌɡæl/) is a common name for several tropical rhizomatous spices.

Kaempferia galanga

Lesser galangal (Alpinia officinarum)

Galangal rhizome ready to be prepared for cooking

Differentiation

The word galangal, or its variant galanga or archaically galingale, can refer in common usage to the aromatic rhizome of any of four plant species in the Zingiberaceae (ginger) family, namely:

• Alpinia galanga, also called greater galangal, lengkuas, Siamese ginger or laos
• Alpinia officinarum, or lesser galangal
• Boesenbergia rotunda, also called Chinese ginger or fingerroot
• Kaempferia galanga, also called kencur, black galangal or sand ginger

The term galingale is sometimes also used for the rhizome of the unrelated sweet cyperus (Cyperus longus), traditionally used as a folk medicine in Europe.

Uses

Culinary

Various galangal rhizomes are used in traditional Southeast Asian cuisine, such as Khmer kroeung (Cambodian paste), Thai and Lao tom yum and tom kha gai soups, Vietnamese Huế cuisine (tré) and throughout Indonesian cuisine, as in soto and opor. Polish Żołądkowa Gorzka vodka is flavoured with galangal. While all species of galangal are closely related to common ginger, each is unique in its own right. Due to their unique taste and 'hotness' profiles, the individual varieties are usually distinguished from ginger, and from each other, in traditional Asian dishes. The taste of galangal has been variously described as "flowery", "like ginger with cardamom" and "like peppery cinnamon". Lesser galangal was popular in European medieval cooking.

Galangals are commonly available in Asian markets in a variety of forms: as whole fresh rhizomes; dried and sliced; and powdered.

Medical

In ethnobotany, galangal has been used for its purported merits in promoting digestion and alleviating respiratory diseases and stomach problems. Specific medical virtues have been attributed to each galangal variety.