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The "5" Royales was an American rhythm and blues (R&B) vocal group from Winston-Salem, North Carolina that combined gospel, jump blues and doo-wop, marking an early and influential step in the evolution of rock and roll. Most of their big R&B hits were recorded in 1952 and 1953 and written by the guitarist Lowman "Pete" Pauling.[1]
The "5" Royales | |
|---|---|
| Origin | Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Genres | R&B |
| Years active | 1951–1965 |
| Labels | Apollo, King, Vee-Jay, ABC-Paramount, Smash, Todd, Home Of The Blues |
| Past members | Lowman "Pete" Pauling Clarence Pauling Jimmy Moore Obadiah Carter Otto Jeffries Johnny Tanner Gene Tanner |
Cover versions of the band's songs hit the Top 40, including "Dedicated to the One I Love" (the Shirelles and the Mamas & the Papas),[2] "Tell the Truth" (Ray Charles and Ike & Tina Turner), and "Think" (James Brown & The Famous Flames). Brown modeled his first vocal group after the "5" Royales, and both Eric Clapton and Stax guitarist Steve Cropper cited Pauling as a key influence. The Rolling Stones singer Mick Jagger covered "Think" on his 1993 solo album Wandering Spirit.
The "5" Royales were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2015.[3]
History
editOriginally the Royal Sons Quintet, the group began recording for Apollo Records in the early 1950s, changing its name to the Royals after abandoning gospel for secular music. The group initially included Lowman Pauling and his brother Clarence, as founding members. Clarence Pauling later shortened his name to "Clarence Paul". He left the group to become involved with Motown as a producer.[4] Other members included the vocalists Jimmy Moore, Obadiah Carter, and Otto Jeffries, with Johnny Tanner singing lead. Tanner's younger brother, Eugene, later replaced Jeffries. The robust Johnny Tanner sang lead on most of the group's hits, including "Think," but the sweeter-voiced Eugene Tanner stepped to the microphone for the group's best-known song, "Dedicated to the One I Love." "Baby Don't Do It" and "Help Me Somebody" became hits in 1953, and the group soon signed with King Records. In addition to heartfelt odes like "Dedicated to the One I Love," Pauling also wrote comic and risque tunes, including "Monkey Hips and Rice", later the title of a two-CD anthology of the group's music released by Rhino Records in 1994. Pauling used an extra-long strap for his guitar, sometimes playing it down around his knees for comic effect. The group shared stages with all the major R&B artists of the 1950s, including Sam Cooke and Ray Charles, once substituting for the latter's Raelettes at a show in Durham, North Carolina.
According to the Acoustic Music organization, the "first clear evidence of soul music shows up with The '5' Royales, an ex-gospel group that turned to R&B".[5]
Confusion arose when two groups of Royals began touring, the other led by the Detroit R&B star Hank Ballard. According to members of the "5" Royales, the confusion peaked in 1953 when an unscrupulous promoter booked Ballard's group in Winston-Salem, trying to pass the Detroit band off as the hometown group with the same name, much to the chagrin of a local audience. Shortly thereafter, the air cleared when Winston-Salem's Royals became the "5" Royales and Detroit's Royals became The Midnighters. (The "5" was in scare quotes because there were actually six members at the time.[6]) Both groups had hits at King working with Rock and Roll Hall of Fame producer Ralph Bass, becoming good friends and routinely competing in battles of the bands at clubs like the Royal Peacock, in the Sweet Auburn section of Atlanta.
With King, "Think" and "Tears of Joy" became hits for the "5" Royales in 1957. Some of their lesser-known tracks from this period are now critically acclaimed as innovative. Rock critic Dave Marsh chose the 1958 "5" Royales hit "The Slummer the Slum" as one of the top 1001 singles of all time in his book The Heart of Rock and Soul, crediting Pauling with capturing the first intentional use of guitar feedback on record, years before better-known squawks from The Beatles, The Yardbirds, and The Velvet Underground. In the 1960s, R&B gradually gave way to more polished soul music and the Royales' career waned rapidly. The band still recorded, including for Memphis label Home Of The Blues - which results were later compiled on the posthumous Catch That Teardrop[7] album - as well as Vee-Jay, ABC-Paramount, Smash Records and the Todd label.[8]
The "5" Royales broke up in 1965, though various combinations of musicians toured under the group's name into the 1970s.[citation needed] For a time Pauling continued recording with the pianist and frequent Royales collaborator Royal Abbitt as El Pauling and the Royalton. Pauling's brother, Clarence Paul, a former member of the Royal Sons Quintet, found success as a producer and songwriter at Motown Records in the 1960s.
Post-group
editAfter years of struggle with alcohol dependency,[citation needed] Lowman Pauling (né Lowman Pete Pauling, Jr.; 1927–1973) ended up working as a night watchman at a Manhattan church and died of an apparent seizure on December 26, 1973.[citation needed] He was buried in Evergreen Cemetery in Winston-Salem, as were his brother Clarence, who lies next to him, and his bandmates Otto Jeffries (1912–1975), who died on August 8, 1975,[9] and Obadiah Carter (né Obadiah Hawthorne Carter; 1925–1994).[citation needed] Health problems forced Eugene Tanner (né Eugene Elijah Tanner; 1936–1994) to take disability benefits in the years before his death on December 29, 1994.[10] His brother Johnny Tanner (né John Louis Tanner; 1924–2005) died of cancer on November 8, 2005.[11] Jimmy Moore (aka Johnny; né James Edward Moore; 1926–2008), the last surviving member of The "5" Royales, died on August 16, 2008, at the Cedar Manor Nursing Home in Ossining, New York, after a long illness.[12]
Legacy
editThe "5" Royales were inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in 2009.[13] They were nominated unsuccessfully for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002 and 2004; they were inducted in 2015 in the category Early Influence.[3]
The legacy and influence of the "5" Royales was profiled on National Public Radio's Weekend Edition Sunday on August 14, 2011, in an interview with the guitarist Steve Cropper.[14] Cropper released the album Dedicated: A Salute to the 5 Royales in 2011.[15]
In May 2015, compilation Soul & Swagger: The Complete "5" Royales 1951-1967[16] won a Blues Music Award in the Historical category.[17] Other posthumous compilations include Monkey Hips and Rice: The "5" Royales Anthology (1994),[18] The Apollo Sessions (1995),[19] It's Hard But It's Fair: King Hits and Rarities (2005)[20] and The Definitive "5" Royales: Home of the Blues & Beyond (2014).[21]
Selected singles discography
edit| Song Title | Catalog # | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apollo Records | |||
| "You Know I Know"/"Courage to Love" | 441 | Sep 1952 | #8 R&B |
| "Baby Don't Do It"/"Take All of Me" | 443 | Sep 1952 | #1 R&B, 3 weeks |
| "Help Me Somebody"/"Crazy, Crazy, Crazy" | 446 | Apr 1953 | #1 R&B, 5 weeks / #5 |
| "Laundromat Blues"/"Too Much Lovin' (Much Too Much)" | 448 | Jul 1953 | / #4 R&B |
| "I Want to Thank You"/"All Righty!" | 450 | Oct 1953 | #9 R&B |
| "I Do"/"Good Things" | 452 | Jan 1954 | #6 R&B / #16 R&B |
| "Cry Some More"/"I Like It Like That" | 454 | Apr 1954 | #8 R&B / #17 R&B |
| "What's That"/"Let Me Come Back Home" | 458 | Jul 1954 | |
| "Six O'Clock in the Morning"/"With All Your Heart" | 467 | Jan 1955 | |
| King Records | |||
| "I'm Gonna Run It Down"/"Behave Yourself" | 4740 | Aug. 1954 | / #16 R&B |
| "Monkey Hips and Rice"/"Devil with the Rest" | 4474 | Oct. 1954 | |
| "One Mistake"/"School Girl" | 4762 | Dec. 1954 | |
| "Every Dog Has His Day"/"You Didn't Learn It at Home" | 4770 | Jan. 1955 | |
| "I Need Your Lovin' Baby"/"When I Get Like This" | 4806 | Jun 1955 | |
| "Women About to Make Me Go Crazy"/"Do unto You" | 4819 | Aug. 1955 | |
| "Someone Made You for Me"/"I Ain't Getting Caught" | 4830 | Oct. 1955 | |
| "Right Around the Corner"/"When You Walked in Thru the Door" | 4869 | Jan 1956 | |
| "My Wants for Love"/"I Could Love You" | 4901 | Feb. 1956 | |
| "Come On and Save Me"/"Get Something Out of It" | 4952 | July 1956 | |
| "Just as I Am"/"Mine Forever More" | 4973 | Oct. 1956 | |
| "Thirty Second Lover"/"Tears of Joy" | 5032 | Mar. 1957 | #9 R&B |
| "Think"/"I'd Better Make a Move" | 5053 | May 1957 | 4 R&B; #66 Pop |
| "Say It"/"Messin' Up" | 5082 | Oct. 1957 | #18 R&B / #15 R&B |
| "Dedicated to the One I Love"/"Don't Be Ashamed" | 5098 | Dec. 1957 | #13 R&B |
| "Do the Cha Cha Cherry"/"The Feeling Is Real" | 5131 | Apr. 1958 | |
| "Tell the Truth"/"Double or Nothing" | 5141 | June 1958 | |
| "Don't Let It Be Vain"/"The Slummer the Slum" | 5153 | Oct. 1958 | |
| "The Real Thing"/"Your Only Love" | 5162 | Nov 1958 | |
| "Miracle of Love"/"I Know It's Hard But It's Fair" | 5191 | Mar. 1959 | / #18 R&B, #103 Pop |
| "Tell Me You Care"/"Wonder Where Your Love Has Gone" | 5237 | July 1959 | |
| "It Hurts Inside"/"My Sugar Sugar" | 5266 | Oct. 1959 | |
| "I'm with You"/"Don't Give Me No More Than You Can Take" | 5329 | Mar. 1960 | #107 Pop |
| "I Got to Know"/"Please, Please, Please" | Home of the Blues 112 | Mar. 1960 | / #114 Pop |
| "Why"/"(Something Moves Me) Within My Heart" | 5327 | Jun 1960 | |
| "Dedicated to the One I Love"/"The Miracle of Love" | [citation needed] | Jan. 1961 | Re-release, #81 Pop |
References
edit- ^ "Music's Unsung Pioneer: Lowman "Pete" Pauling Helped Give Birth to Rhythm and Blues in U.S." Winston-Salem Journal. December 4, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
- ^ Gilliland, John (1969). "Show 36 – The Rubberization of Soul: The Great Pop Music Renaissance. [Part 2]" (audio). Pop Chronicles. University of North Texas Libraries.
- ^ a b "The "5" Royales Biography". Rockhall.com. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
- ^ Profile of Clarence Pauling; Discogs. Retrieved 2017-09-07. Clarence Pauling was particularly noted as a producer and mentor to Stevie Wonder, as well as producing albums for The Temptations, The Marvelettes and Marvin Gaye.
- ^ TIMELINE OF MUSICAL STYLES & GUITAR HISTORY
- ^ Unterberger, Richie. "The "5" Royales | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
- ^ Mark Deming (March 26, 2007). "Catch That Teardrop - The "5" Royales | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- ^ "The "5" Royales Discography - USA". 45cat.com. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- ^ Rock Obituaries: Knocking On Heaven's Door: "Otto Jeffries," by Nick Talevski, Omnibus Press (2006), p. 308
- ^ "1950s Crooner Tanner, Singer for 5 Royals, Dies – Blues singer Eugene Tanner Jr. of Winston-Salem died Thursday," by Linn Thomas, News & Record, December 30, 1994 (retrieved July 10, 2017)
- ^ "Death of a Soul Man: R.I.P. Johnny Tanner," by Steve Holtje, The Big Takeover, December 16, 2005 (retrieved July 10, 2017)
- ^ " '5' Royales' Journey That Started in Winston-Salem Finishes in Rock and Roll Hall of Fame," by Lisa O'Donnell, Winston-Salem Journal, April 4, 2015
- ^ "2009 Inductees". North Carolina Music Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
- ^ [1] Archived August 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Steve Cropper – Dedicated: A Salute to the 5 Royales CD". Cduniverse.com. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
- ^ Mark Deming. "Soul & Swagger: The Complete "5" Royales 1951-1967 - The "5" Royales | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- ^ "2015 Blues Music Awards Winners". Americanbluesscene.com. Archived from the original on May 19, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
- ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine. "Monkey Hips and Rice: The "5" Royales Anthology - The "5" Royales | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- ^ Bruce Eder (September 1, 1995). "The Apollo Sessions - The "5" Royales | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- ^ Richie Unterberger (July 12, 2005). "It's Hard But It's Fair: King Hits and Rarities - The "5" Royales | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- ^ Steve Leggett (May 20, 2014). "The Definitive "5" Royales: Home of the Blues & Beyond - The "5" Royales | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.