The Aberford Dykes are a series of archaeological monuments located around the valley of the Cock Beck, where it runs just north of the village of Aberford on the border between North and West Yorkshire, England.
The complex consists of three individual earthworks: Becca Banks/the Ridge, the South Dyke, and Woodhouse Moor Rein.
History
editThe date and function of the Aberford Dykes are not known for sure.[1] It seems likely that the monuments were built at different times, and possibly for different purposes.[2] Becca Banks/the Ridge has a strongly defensive nature, and may have been built to control a ford over the Cock Beck.[3] Becca Banks/the Ridge runs across the Roman road between Castleford and Tadcaster.[4] However the sequential relationship between the earthwork and the Roman road is not known. Some argue the monument was built to defend against a Roman invasion and the road was later built right through it. Others argue the monument was built to protect the road, possibly in the 'Dark Ages'. Where subjected to archaeological excavation, the monuments have been found to date from or after the late Iron Age, and it would seem they were silting up during the early Medieval period.[5]
Becca Banks/the Ridge is the principal monument in the group. This runs for nearly 3 miles (5 km) on a mostly east-west course along the north side of the Cock Beck valley.[1] It consists of a bank with a ditch situated on its southern (downslope) side. A slight natural scarp slope is exploited in the positioning of the bank above the ditch, and the top of the bank would have stood up to 25 feet (7.6 m) above the base of the ditch.[1]
The other two monuments are located on the south side of the Cock Beck valley, and do not share the strong defensive characteristics of Becca Banks/the Ridge.[6] For instance, the ditch of the South Dyke lies on the upslope side of its bank.[7]
The Aberford Dykes today
editAs scheduled monuments, the Aberford Dykes are legally protected.[8] They still have a role in the modern landscape, serving as field boundaries and marking county and parish boundaries. Much of the length of the Aberford Dykes can be walked via the public footpaths that run along them.[9]
References
edit- ^ a b c Wheldrake 2011, p. 1.
- ^ Historic England. "Linear earthworks known as Woodhouse Moor Rein and South Dyke, part of the Aberford Dyke system (1016954)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ^ Bogg, Edmund (1904). The old kingdom of Elmet, the land ʻtwixt Aire and Wharfe. York: Bogg. p. 48. OCLC 4567990.
- ^ Storr, Jim (2016). "10: Mercia". King Arthur's wars : the Anglo-Saxon conquest of England (1 ed.). Solihull: Helion. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-910777-81-7.
- ^ "Aberford conservation area appraisal" (PDF). leeds.gov.uk. 30 May 2011. p. 5. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ^ Historic England. "Aberford Dykes (1035019)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ^ Wheldrake 2011, p. 2.
- ^ "Scheduled Ancient Monuments" (PDF). aberford-pc.gov.uk. p. 1. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ^ "289" (Map). Leeds. 1;25,000. Explorer. Ordnance Survey. 2015. ISBN 9780319244869.
Sources
edit- Alcock, L. 1954. ‘Aberford Dykes: the first defence of the Brigantes?’ Antiquity 28. 147-154
- Faull, M. L. and Moorhouse S. A. (eds) 1981. West Yorkshire: an Archaeological Survey to A.D. 1500, 4 vols
- Wheelhouse, P. and Burgess, A. 2001. ‘The Linear Earthworks’ in I. Roberts, A. Burgess and D. Berg (eds) 2001. A New Link to the Past. The Archaeological Landscape of the M1-A1 Link Road. Yorkshire Archaeology 7. 123-148
- Wheldrake, Paul (2011). Aberford Dykes (PDF) (Report). Wakefield: West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service.