The British-Israel-World Federation (also stylized as the British-Israel World Federation) is a United Kingdom-based organization that promotes British Israelism, a pseudohistorical belief that the people of the British Isles are direct descendants of the Ten Lost Tribes of ancient Israel. The group was founded in London on 3 July 1919, although its roots can be traced back to the 19th century.
| Formation | July 3, 1919 |
|---|---|
| Purpose | Promoting and informing about British-Israelism. |
| Headquarters | Bishop Auckland |
| Location |
|
President | Dr Clifford Smyth |
Patrons | Lady Sara Allenby. |
| Website | britishisrael |
Background
editIn the 19th century, much of the British Israel movement was made up of smaller, localized associations. In 1919, some 80 independent associations throughout the British Isles, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, Canada, and the United States joined into the British-Israel-World Federation.[1]
The main patron of this movement was HRH The Countess of Athlone. She attended the federation's first Congress in July 1920, and remained a patron of the BIWF until her death in January 1981.[1][2]: 24
One of its founders was Reuben H. Sawyer, a clergyman in Portland, Oregon, where he was involved in setting up an Anglo-Israelism group and as leader of the Oregon Ku Klux Klan. He spoke to the Federation's first conference in 1920. Sawyer's supremacist views were influential in the development of the anti-semitic Christian Identity movement out of the philo-semitic British Israelism.[3][4]
William Pascoe Goard was involved in early negotiations of developing the BIWF, and became vice president of the organisation in 1921. In 1922, Goard founded Covenant Publishing, the BIWF's publishing company. He also became the first editor of The National Message.[5] The National Message was published until 1981. The federation now publishes The Covenant Nations magazine.[1]
From 1924, the organization maintained an office next to Buckingham Palace. In 1990, it moved to Putney on the Thames, but since 2003 has been based near Bishop Auckland in County Durham.
Beliefs
editBritish Israelism (also called Anglo-Israelism) states that people of Western Europe descent, particularly those in Great Britain, are the direct lineal descendants of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. The doctrine often includes the tenet that the British Royal Family is directly descended from the line of King David.[6][7]
The central tenets of British Israelism have been refuted by evidence from modern genetic, archaeological,[8] ethnological,[9] and linguistics and philological research.[10][11]
International endeavors
editThe British-Israel-World Federation, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom, has expanded to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and the Netherlands.
Patrons
editThe following is a list of patrons and vice-patrons of The British-Israel-World Federation.
Patrons
edit- HRH Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, (1919–1981)
- Rt Hon. The Countess-Dowager of Radnor. (circa. 1920)
- The Duke of Buccleugh, K.T (circa. 1920)
- Rt Hon. Lord Gisborough, (circa. 1920)
- Rt Hon. Lord St. John of Bletsoe, (circa. 1920)
- Rt. Hev. The Bishop of the Falkland Islands, (circa. 1920)
- Rt. Hon William Massey P.C, (circa. 1920)
- Major-General C.A. Hadfield, (circa. 1920)
- Rt Rev. Bishop Primus emeritus John D.M. McLean,
- Rev Dr Barrie Williams,
- Lady Sara Allenby,
Vice-Patrons
edit- Countess Dowager of Clanwilliam, (circa 1920)
- Countess-Dowager of Castlestewart, (circa 1920)
- Marchioness-Dowager of Headfort (circa 1920)
- Dowager Lady Lurgan,
- Lady Wilma Lawson,
- Hon. Mrs Adolphus Graves,
- Lady Smith Dodsworth
- Laura Lady Grant
- Lady Peirse.
- Lady Standley,
- Rev. J.H. Allen (USA),
- Rt. Rev. Bishop Vaughan,
- Admiral Sir Richard H. Peirse,
- Lt-Col. Hon Stuart Plevdell-Bouverie,
- Sir James Outram,
- Mrs. Henry Byron,
- C.J. Clements,
- Rev. Samuel Clements, (USA)
- E. Cooke.
- M. Vincent Cox,
- M.T. Dalison,
- Col. J. Garnier,
- Rev. W. Pascoe Goard,
- Rev. A.B. Grimaldi,
- Col. F Gosset,
- T. Holbein Hendley,
- Col. Frederick Horniblow,
- Rev. Mark Jukes (Canada),
- His Hon. Judge Colbert Locke (Canada),
- Col. C.E.R. Mackesy, (circa. 1920) (New Zealand),
- Landseer MacKenzie,
- Rev. H.H. Macready,
- Rev. Wm. Patterson (Canada),
- Rev. R.H. Sawyer (USA),
- Rev. Merton Smith (Canada),
- Fordyce Thompson,
- Mary Woodward,
- Col. F Weldon,
- Rev. Philip Young,
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c "History of The British-Israel-World Federation". Retrieved 1 May 2020.
- ^ Stanley, Brian (2018). Christianity in the Twentieth Century: A World History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 24. ISBN 9781400890316. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
- ^ Ingram, William L. (1995). "God and Race: British-Israelism and Christian Identity". In Miller, Timothy (ed.). America's Alternative Religions. State University of New York Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-0791423974. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
- ^ Katz, David S. (2001). "Chapter 5: Israel in America: The Wanderings of the Lost Ten Tribes from Mikveigh Yisrael to Timothy McVeigh". In Fiering, Norman; Bernardini, Paolo (eds.). The Jews and the Expansion of Europe to the West, 1450 to 1800. New York, NY: Berghahn Books. p. 116. ISBN 1-57181-153-2. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
- ^ "British Israel Movement Loses Great Leader with Death of Dr. Pascoe Goard". Winnipeg Evening Tribune. 27 February 1937. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ^ "Beliefs of the Orange Street Church". orange-street-church.org. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ^ "The British-Israel-World Federation – Beliefs". British-Israel-World Federation. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ^ Melton, J. Gordon, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Protestantism. New York: Facts on File. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-8160-5456-5.
- ^ Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2005). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3. Retrieved 2 May 2021 – via Google Books.
- ^ Ostrer, Harry (2021). Legacy: A Genetic History of the Jewish People. Oxford University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-19-970205-3. Retrieved 2 May 2021 – via Google Books.
- ^ Quarles, Chester L. (2014). Christian Identity: The Aryan American Bloodline Religion. McFarland & Company. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-0-7864-8148-4. Retrieved 16 February 2021.