Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani

al-Shaykh
Muḥammad Taqī al-Dīn bin Ibrāhīm bin Muṣṭafā bin Ismāʿīl bin Yūsuf al-Nabhānī
محمد تقي الدين بن إبراهيم بن مصطفى بن إسماعيل بن يوسف النبهاني
al-Shaykh Muḥammad Taqī al-Dīn bin Ibrāhīm bin Muṣṭafā bin Ismāʿīl bin Yūsuf al-Nabhānī ; محمد تقي الدين بن إبراهيم بن مصطفى بن إسماعيل بن يوسف النبهاني
	al-Imām al-Shaykh Muhammad Taqi al-Din bin Ibrāhīm bin Mustafā bin Ismā'īl bin Yūsuf al-Nab'hāni
Leader of Hizb ut-Tahrir
	In office; 1953 – December 11, 1977
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Shaykh Abdul Qadeem Zallum
Qadi of Haifa
	In office; 1938–1948
Title	al-Imam, al-Shaykh
Personal
Born	Muhammad Taqi al-Din bin Ibrahim bin Mustafa bin Ismail bin Yusuf al-Nabhani; 1914 (Some sources quote it to be 1909); Ijzim, Beirut Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
Died	December 11, 1977 (aged 62–63); Beirut, Lebanon
Religion	Islam
Era	Modern era
Region	Middle East
Denomination	Sunni
Jurisprudence	Ijtihad
Creed	Ash'ari
Political party	Hizb ut Tahrir (1953-1977);
Main interest(s)	Political Islam; Islamic philosophy; Anti-Zionism; Islamic economics; Refuting heresy; Fiqh; Da'wah; Khilafah;
Notable idea(s)	Pan-Islamism; Sunni Islamism; Islamic Revival; Jihad against Zionists; Caliphatism; Islamic vanguardism;
Notable work(s)	List Inqadh Filasteen [Saving Palestine] – 1950; Rislatu al-Arab [Message to the Arabs] – 1950; Nidham al-Islam [The System of Islam] – 1953; Nidham al-Hukm fi al-Islam [The Ruling System in Islam] – 1953; Nidham al-Iqtisadi fi al-Islam [The Economic System in Islam] – 1953; Nidham al-Ijtima’i fi al-Islam [The Social System in Islam] −1953; Takattul al-Hizbi [Party Structure] – 1953; Mahafeem Hizb ut-Tahrir [Concepts of Hizb ut-Tahrir] – 1953; Dawlah al-Islamiyyah [The Islamic State] – 1953; Shakhsiyyah al-Islamiyyah [The Islamic Personality (in three volumes)] – 1960; Muqadimat al-Dustor [Introduction to the Constitution] – 1963; Nida al-Haar ila al-Muslimeen [A Warm Call to the Muslims] – 1965; Mahafeem Siyasiyya li Hizb ut-Tahrir [Political Concepts of Hizb ut-Tahrir] – 1969; Afkar Siyasiyya [Political Thoughts] – 1972; Tafkir [Thinking] – 1973; Sura’t al-Badiha [Presence of Mind] – 1976; ;
Alma mater	Dar al-Ulum;
Teachers	;
Occupation	Islamic scholar
Muslim leader
Disciple of	Imam Yusuf al-Nabhani
	Arabic name
Personal; (Ism)	Muhammad; محمد
Patronymic; (Nasab)	ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Mustafā; بن إبراهيم بن مصطفى
Epithet; (Laqab)	Taqī al-Dīn; تقي الدين
Toponymic; (Nisba)	al-Nabhānī; النبهاني
Birth name	Taqī al-Dīn
Other names	Other name/left empty/none
Relatives	Imam Yusuf al-Nabhani (maternal grandfather)

Muhammad Taqi al-Din bin Ibrahim bin Mustafa bin Isma'il bin Yusuf al-Nabhani (Arabic: محمد تقي الدين بن إبراهيم بن مصطفى بن إسماعيل بن يوسف النبهاني; 1914 – December 11, 1977) was a Palestinian Islamic scholar who founded the pan-Islamist and fundamentalist organization Hizb ut-Tahrir.^[2]^[3]

Biography

Al-Nabhani was born in 1909 in a village by the name of Ijzim near Haifa in the Ottoman Empire and belonged to Bani Nabhan tribe. His father was a lecturer in Sharia law and his mother was also an Islamic scholar and his grandfather was the famous Palestinian scholar Yusuf al-Nabhani.^[4] al-Nabhani studied Sharia law at Al-Azhar University and the Dar-ul-Ulum college of Cairo. He graduated in 1931 and returned to Palestine. There he was first a teacher and then as a jurist, rising to Sharia judge in the court of appeal.^[4] Disturbed by the creation of the state of Israel and the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and occupation of Palestine, he founded the Hizb ut-Tahrir party in 1953. The party was immediately banned in Jordan. Al-Nabhani was banned from returning to Jordan and settled in Beirut. He died on December 20, 1977.^[4]

Political philosophy

Al-Nabhani proclaimed that the depressed political condition of Muslims in the contemporary world stemmed from the abolition of the Caliphate in 1924. al-Nabhani was critical of the way the Middle East had been carved up into nation states allied with various imperial powers.^[5] Other causes of stagnation included the Ottoman Empire's closing of the doors of ijtihad, its failure to understand "the intellectual and legislative side of Islam", and neglect of the Arabic language.^[6]

In his most famous works, written in the early 1950s, al-Nabhani expressed a radical disillusionment with the secular powers that had failed to protect Palestinian nationalism.^[5] He argued for a new caliphate that would be brought about by "peaceful politics and ideological subversion"^[7] and eventually cover the world replacing all nation states. Its political and economic order would be founded on Islamic principles, not materialism that, in his view, was the outcome of capitalist economies.^[5]

Al-Nabhani also wrote The Economic System in Islam, a book on Islamic views on economic principles and the contradictions between them and Western-based capitalism and socialism. It was published in Arabic in 1953 and translated into English and a number of other languages.^{[citation needed]}

Influence

Hizb ut-Tahrir did not attract a large following in the countries where it was established. Despite this, al-Nabhani's works have become an important part of contemporary Islamist literature.^[8]

Bibliography

al-Nabhani, Taqi al-Din (2002), The System of Islam Nidham al-Islam, London: al-Khilafah Publications
al-Nabhani, Taqi al-Din (2004), Thought al-Tafkeer, London: al-Khilafah Publications
al-Nabhani, Taqi al-Din (2005), Islamic Personality al-Shaksiyyah al-Islamiyyah, London: al-Khilafah Publications}

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b "Sheikh Muhammad Taqiuddin al-Nabhani | Hizb ut-Tahrir Australia". Hizb-australia.org. February 2016. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
^ Mendelsohn, Barak (2012). "God vs. Westphalia: radical Islamist movements and the battle for organising the World". Review of International Studies. 38 (3): 606–607. ISSN 0260-2105.
^ Umm Mustafa (28 February 2008). "Why I left Hizb ut-Tahrir". New Statesman. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c Marshall Cavendish Reference (2011). Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World. Marshall Cavendish. p. 124. ISBN 9780761479291. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c Tripp (2010), p. 348.
^ Flood, Christopher; Miazhevich, Galina; Hutchings, Stephen; et al., eds. (2012). Political and Cultural Representations of Muslims: Islam in the Plural. BRILL. p. 29. ISBN 9789004231030.
^ Ayoob, Mohammed (2008). The Many Faces of Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Muslim World. University of Michigan Press. p. 138. ISBN 978-0472025381. Retrieved 15 April 2015. Taqiuddin al-Nabhani.
^ Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Lecomte, G.; Bearman, P.J.; Bianquis, Th. (2000). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. X (T-U) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 133. ISBN 9004112111.

Sources

Tripp, Charles (2010). "West Asia from the First World War". In Robinson, Francis (ed.). The New Cambridge History of Islam, Volume 5: The Islamic World in the Age of Western Dominance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83826-9.
"Title?", Al-Waie Magazine (Arabic), no. 234–235, August–September 2006, archived from the original on 2015-02-09
Biography, archived from the original on 2010-12-19^{[dead link]}