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The Golden Key, or The Adventures of Buratino

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The Golden Key,(zolotoy kluchic) or The Adventures of Buratino is a children's novel by Soviet writer Alexei Tolstoy, which is a literary treatment of Carlo Collodi's novel The Adventures of Pinocchio. Tolstoy dedicated the book to his future fourth and last wife, Lyudmila Krestinskaya.

The Golden Key, or The Adventures of Buratino
AuthorAleksey Tolstoy
LanguageRussian
GenreTale
Publication date
1936
ISBN978-5-465-01370-3

History

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The creation of the story began when in 1923 Alexei Tolstoy, being in exile, edited the Russian translation of the fairy tale by Italian writer Carlo Collodi "The Adventures of Pinocchio. The Story of the Wooden Doll" (1883), realized by Nina Petrovskaya. A year later this book was published in Berlin, in the publishing house "Nakanune" (when Tolstoy had already returned to the USSR).[1]

This translation under Tolstoy's editorship stands out against the background of others by the presence in the text of a number of attempts to adapt Italian realities for Russian readers in the form of stylistic alterations (the text contains Russian proverbs, sayings, etc.).[2] It is noteworthy that Tolstoy later transferred some of these adaptations to The Golden Key - in particular, in this translation, Geppetto was already renamed Carlo.

In October 1933, Tolstoy signed a contract with the publishing house "Detgiz" to write his own retelling of "Pinocchio" (co-authored with Nina Petrovskaya), but in December 1934 he had a myocardial infarction, because of which Tolstoy was forced to postpone work on the story and returned to it only in the spring of 1935 (for this he had to postpone work on the trilogy "Walking in Pains").[2][3][4]

Although Tolstoy had originally planned to simply produce his own translation of the original, he became fascinated by the original idea and created his own story, adding the story of the hearth painted on an old canvas and the golden key.[5] In the end, he strayed quite far from the original story for the reason that it was outdated for the period of socialist realism, and also because Collodi's tale is full of moralizing and cautionary maxims. On the other hand, Tolstoy wanted to infuse the characters with a more adventurous and fun spirit.[2]

In 1936, Tolstoy wrote the play The Golden Key for the Central Children's Theater[6] at the request of its founder Natalia Sats, and in 1939 he wrote the screenplay for a film of the same name, which was directed by Alexander Ptushko.

Until 1986, the fairy tale was published in the USSR 182 times and was translated into 47 languages. The total circulation amounted to 14.587 million copies.[7]

Characters

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  • Buratino is a wooden puppet with a long nose. Based on Pinocchio.
  • Papa Carlo (Russian: Папа Карло) is a barrel organ player of little means, who created Buratino. Based on Geppetto.
  • Giuseppe (Джузеппе), nicknamed "Giuseppe the Blue Nose" for always being drunk, is a woodworker and a friend of Carlo. He wanted to make a table leg from the talking log, but got scared and finally gave the log as a present to Papa Carlo. Based on Antonio.
  • Karabas Barabas (Карабас-Барабас) is an evil puppeteer. He owns a puppet theater with many marionettes, including Malvina, Pierrot, and Harlequin. Based on Mangiafuoco.
  • Malvina (Мальвина) is a beautiful female puppet with blue hair. Based on the Blue Fairy.
  • Artemon [ru] (Артемон) is Malvina's loyal poodle. Based on Medoro.
  • Pierrot (Пьеро) is a sad puppet and a poet who is deeply in love with Malvina.
  • Harlequin (Арлекин) is Pierrot's scene partner in Karabas's theatre. He usually mocks and beats Pierrot.
  • Alice the Fox (Лиса Алиса) and Basilio the Cat (Кот Базилио), two swindlers. Based on the Fox and the Cat.
  • Tortila the Turtle (Черепаха Тортила) gives the Golden Key to Buratino, the same key that was lost by Karabas.
  • Duremar (Дуремар) is a partner of Karabas Barabas who catches leeches for a living and so disturbs Tortilla's pond.

Adaptations

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References

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  1. ^ Administrator. "Коллоди К. Приключения Пиноккио. Перевод с итальянского Нины Петровской. Переделал и обработал А. Толстой. Рис. Льва Брониславовича Малаховского" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2017-10-25. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  2. ^ a b c Петровский, М. С. (2008). Что отпирает «Золотой ключик». Книги нашего детства (in Russian). Издательство Ивана Лимбаха. pp. 217–324.
  3. ^ "Утопия свободной марионетки, или Как сделан архетип — Журнальный зал". magazines.gorky.media (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  4. ^ "ФЭБ: Толстая. Буратино и подтексты Алексея Толстого. — 1997 (текст)". feb-web.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  5. ^ "Буратино: Досье на длинный нос, колпачок и кисточку". stm.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  6. ^ "Культура Саратова | Драматурги | Алексей Николаевич Толстой". saratov-kultura.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  7. ^ Немировский, Е. Л. (1987). Книгоиздание СССР. Цифры и факты (in Russian). Книга. p. 300.
  8. ^ Chasm. "История развития игровой индустрии на постсоветском пространстве: 1991-1999 года". Adventurer (in Russian).
  9. ^ "Публикуется на правах рекламы". Spectrofon. 1995.
  10. ^ "Gamedev как образ жизни — Геймдев на Спектруме". Хакер. 2005. pp. 75–80.
  11. ^ Papageno (2020-12-15). "Ők a Müpa zeneműpályázatának díjazottjai". Papageno (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2024-06-24.
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