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Anne FitzPatrick, Countess of Upper Ossory

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Anne FitzPatrick, Countess of Upper Ossory (née Liddell, 11 August [O.S. 31 July] 1736 – 23 February 1804), formerly Anne FitzRoy, Duchess of Grafton, was an English noblewoman and the first wife of Augustus Henry FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton. Grafton divorced her while serving as prime minister and while he was publicly engaging in an affair with Anne Parsons.

The Right Honourable

The Countess of Upper Ossory
Engraving by David Lucas
Full name
Anne FitzPatrick
BornAnne Liddell
11 August 1736
Baptised6 September 1736[1]
St George's, Hanover Square, London
Died23 February 1804(1804-02-23) (aged 67)
Mayfair, London, England
Spouse(s)
​
​
(m. 1756; div. 1769)​

​
​
(m. 1769)​
Issue
ParentsHenry Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth
Anne Delmé

She was a noted correspondent of Horace Walpole. In 1761, FitzPatrick sent a silhouette that Jean Huber had created of her and her daughter to Walpole. This letter was to be the start of a correspondence of 455 letters between herself and Walpole.[2] In a letter to Horace Mann, Walpole wrote that Anne was "not a regular beauty, but one of the finest women you ever saw, and with more dignity and address. She is one of our first great ladies."[3]

Early life

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Anne Liddell was born in 1736 in Derby, the only child of Sir Henry Liddell, a coal magnate, and his wife, Anne (née Delmé). Her grandfather Sir Peter Delmé, Lord Mayor of London, was the son of French Huguenot exiles.[4]

Her father was created Baron Ravensworth in 1747.[2]

Marriage to the Duke of Grafton

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Portrait of the Duke of Grafton by Pompeo Batoni, 1762

On 29 January 1756, Anne married Augustus Henry FitzRoy, Earl of Euston, at her father's house in St James's Square, by special licence of the Archbishop of Canterbury, as she was 18 and considered a minor. The marriage was witnessed by Lord Ravensworth and Francis Seymour-Conway, 1st Earl of Hertford.[5]

The following year he succeeded as the 3rd Duke of Grafton. Together they had three children:

It was not a very amicable marriage. Grafton fathered 16 illegitimate children in his lifetime, and Anne supposedly had a "violent itch for play." They had attempted to renew their relationship with a trip to Florence but it was unsuccessful. In 1764, while the Duchess was pregnant with their second son, Grafton began a public affair with former prostitute Anne Parsons, whom he brought without shame to the Royal Opera. They separated the following year.[7]

In 1766, Walpole introduced her to an Anglo-Irish peer he had met in Paris, John FitzPatrick, 2nd Earl of Upper Ossory, whom he called "one of the prosperest and most amiable young men I ever knew". The Duchess gave birth to a daughter by Ossory in August 1768.[7]

Meanwhile, the Duke was gradually assuming control of the government during Earl of Chatham's illness and death, and in October 1768 he effectively became the first Prime Minister, as Head of Ministry. He sued her for adultery and their marriage was dissolved by Act of Parliament, passed 23 March 1769.[8]

On 24 June 1769, Grafton married Elizabeth Wrottesley (1 November 1745 – 25 May 1822).[9] Elizabeth was ironically Ossory's cousin, the daughter of his aunt Lady Mary Leveson-Gower and Sir Richard Wrottesley, 7th Baronet, the Dean of Worcester.[10]

Later life

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Lady Anne FitzPatrick by Sir Joshua Reynolds, c. 1775

Within days of her marriage to Grafton being dissolved, Anne married Ossory at a Kingston church in Surrey.[11][12] Though the marriage legitimised their daughter, the Ossorys still found themselves exiled from much of London's social scene, as divorced women were not allowed at the Royal Court of George III. Additionally, Grafton was now the most powerful man in Westminster, even flaunting his mistress in public before Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at the Royal Opera House.[7]

She withdrew to the Fitzpatrick estate at Ampthill Park in Bedfordshire, where she busied herself raising her daughter and writing letters. In the first year of their marriage, Charles Douglas, 3rd Duke of Queensberry visited Ampthill wrote George Selwyn that the Ossorys "live but a dull life, and there must be a great deal of love on both sides not to tire".[13]

 
Collina, a portrait of Lady Gertrude Fitzpatrick, by Reynolds, 1779

At her encouragement, Ossory withdrew from politics and his regiment. She busied herself with her children and writing letters, corresponding mainly with Walpole, Selwyn, and her sister-in-law Mary Fox, Baroness Holland. "I can write to you about nothing but the first notes of the blackbirds, and the first opening of the buds, which are very interesting to me, but not very amusing at second hand" she wrote Walpole.[13]

When Lady Holland (1747–1778) died four years after her husband, Stephen Fox, 2nd Baron Holland (1745–1774), their two young children, Hon. Caroline Fox (1767–1845) and Henry Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland (1773–1840) were raised at Ampthill with the Fitzpatrick children under the guardianship of the Ossorys.

The Ossorys had three daughters, two surviving:[12][14]

  • Lady Anne Fitzpatrick (23 August 1768 – 14 December 1841), died unmarried
  • Lady Mary Fitzpatrick (24 February 1770 – March 1771), died in infancy[15]
  • Lady Gertrude Fitzpatrick (7 August 1774 – 30 September 1841), died unmarried

The countess died at their house in Grosvenor Square in 1804.

After her death, Ossory had three more children with a mistress named Elizabeth Wilson. He died in 1818.[12]

References

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  1. ^ "Ann Liddell, daughter of Sir Henry, Bart, and Dame Ann, Bapt: 26 August 1736 (NS 6 September) Nat: 31 July (NS 11 August)" in Westminster, London, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1558–1812
  2. ^ a b "Anne Fitzpatrick". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/88658. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. ^ Lewis, Wilmarth Sheldon (1978). Rescuing Horace Walpole (PDF). New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-300-02278-0.
  4. ^ Agnew, David C. A. (1874). Protestant exiles from France in the reign of Louis XIV : or, the Huguenot refugees and their descendants in Great Britain and Ireland. London, Edinburgh: Reeves & Turner ; William Patterson. p. 67. OCLC 4384230.
  5. ^ The Register of Marriages solemnized in the Parish Church of St James within the Liberty of Westminster & County of Middlesex. 1754-1765. No. 406. 29 January 1756.
  6. ^ Chisholm 1911.
  7. ^ a b c Lewis 1978, p. 165.
  8. ^ "Augustus FitzRoy". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9628. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  9. ^ Hellicar 1978, p. 28
  10. ^ Burke, John Bernard (1854). A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire. Hurst and Blackett. p. 969. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  11. ^ "From the London Newspapers, March 28". Caledonian Mercury. 1 April 1769. p. 2. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  12. ^ a b c Burke, Bernard (1866). A Genealogical History of the Dormant: Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire. Burke's Peerage. p. 210. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  13. ^ a b Lewis 1978, p. 166.
  14. ^ Cokayne, George Edward (1898). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, Or Dormant. G. Bell & sons. p. 11. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  15. ^ "Died". Leeds Intelligencer. 16 April 1771. Retrieved 17 September 2024.

Sources

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