The Kennedy Airlift was started in 1959 by a 28-year-old Kenyan, Tom Mboya, who sought support for promising Kenyan students to get college and university educations in the United States and Canada. It brought hundreds of students from East Africa from 1959 to 1963 and was supported by many North American educational institutions, foundations, and individuals such as the African American Students Foundation (AASF) and African Americans including Harry Belafonte, Jackie Robinson, Sidney Poitier, and Martin Luther King Jr. It got its popular nickname in September 1960 when Senator John F. Kennedy in a close presidential campaign arranged a $100,000 donation from the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr Foundation to cover airfare for the autumn 1960 group of East African students just as the program was running out of funds.[1]
Background
editThe program began in earnest in 1959, when Tom Mboya embarked on a speaking tour of the United States to seek scholarships for students from East Africa. The first batch of 81 students touched down in New York City on September 11, 1959. They would be settled in various universities in the United States and Canada. In Kenya, Mboya liaised with Julius Kiano and Kariuki Njiiri to identify potential students for the airlifts. Both Kiano and Njiiri were alumni of US universities.[2][3]
The airlifts were opposed by Britain, which did not want American meddling with any of its colonies, one of which was Kenya. British officials spread propaganda among top Kenyan students that American education was inferior to British education.
Legacy
editThe airlifts officially ended in 1963. Most of the graduates from American and Canadian colleges and universities went back to help build the newly-independent Kenya. Some were employed even before they had graduated, mainly in the public administration sector as district and provincial officers. Men found it easy to get jobs for which they qualified, but women faced a tougher challenge since they were offered secretarial duties despite being better qualified than most male officers in the same departments. However, the inclusion of women demonstrated foresight on the part of the airlift organizers. One of these women, Wangari Maathai, later won the Nobel Peace Prize, and another, Leah Marangu, later become the first female head of a university in Africa.[4]
Notable beneficiaries
editOver 800 students, mainly from Kenya, benefited from the Kennedy Airlift. Notable recipients include Kenya's Wangari Maathai, the first African female and first environmentalist to win the Nobel Prize; Mahmoud Mamdani, a prominent Ugandan academic listed in the top 100 list of public intellectuals by Prospect Magazine; and George Saitoti, a former vice president of Kenya. Other notable recipients include[3][4][5][6][7]
Academia and education
edit- Prof. Leah Marangu (Former Vice Chancellor of African Nazarene University)
- Prof. Mahmoud Mamdani (Prominent Ugandan author and academic. Director of Makerere Institute of Social Research)
- Prof. Miriam Were (Chancellor, Moi University. Winner of the Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize)
- Dr. Nathan K. Saziru (Former Professor, Ohio State University. Alumnus of Stanford University, University of Oxford)
Diplomatic service
edit- Pamela Odede Mboya (Former Kenyan representative to UN Habitat)
- Hon. Simon Thuo Kairo (First Kenyan ambassador to China)
- Prof. Washington Aggrey Okumu (Kenyan diplomat, economist and politician)
Environmentalism and conservationism
edit- Hon. Wangari Maathai (First African female and first environmentalist Nobel Prize winner)
Journalism, writing and media
edit- Maina wa Kinyatti (Kenyan Author and Mau Mau historian. Winner of the PEN freedom to write award)
Politics, trade unionism and civil rights
edit- Hon. Arthur Magugu (Kenyan politician and former cabinet minister)
- Prof. George Saitoti (Mathematician. Former Vice President of Kenya)
- Hon. Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo (Kenyan trade unionist and politician)
- Hon. Wilson Ndolo Ayah (Kenyan politician and former cabinet minister)
- Dr. Zachary Onyonka (Kenyan politician and former cabinet minister)
- Hon. Maina Wanjigi (James Maina) (Kenyan politician and former cabinet minister)
Science, technology and medicine
edit- Prof. Miriam Were (Prominent A.I.D.S. researcher. Chancellor, Moi University. Winner of the Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize)
- Dr. Ng'endo Mwangi (First Kenyan female physician. First black African student at Smith College in Massachusetts and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York)
- Prof Reuben Olembo (Kenyan scientist and environmentalist. Former Deputy Director of UNEP)
Barack Obama Sr.
editContrary to some media reports, Barack Obama Sr., the first husband of Stanley Ann Dunham and father of Barack Obama II, was not a direct beneficiary of the airlifts[8] but, inspired by the airlift program, applied to various American universities and received private funding to attend the University of Hawaii. He also received funding from the African American Students Foundation (AASF) with the help of Mboya and so was part of the airlift generation.[4]
References
edit- ^ "JFK and the Student Airlift". John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
- ^ "Airlifts of US: The first Kenyans to study in America".
- ^ a b Kenyan Student Airlifts to America 1959-1961: An Educational Odyssey by Stephens, Robert F.
- ^ a b c Shachtman, Tom (2009). Airlift to America: How Barack Obama Sr., John F. Kennedy, Tom Mboya, and 800 East African Students Changed Their World and Ours. St. Martin's. ISBN 978-0-312-57075-0. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ The Spelman spotlight. (Atlanta, Georgia) 1957-1980, November 01, 1959 https://gahistoricnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/lccn/sn81304549/1959-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/
- ^ Colby College Libraries. https://issuu.com/colbycollegelibrary/docs/colby_magazine_vol._80_no._2_march_/79
- ^ Hall of Fame. Stephen Machooka. https://cornellbigred.com/hof.aspx?hof=594
- ^ Rothmyer, Karen (16 September 2009). "The African Airlift".
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External links
edit- JFK LIBRARY. John F. Kennedy and the Student Airlift: https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-the-student-airlift
- Airlift to America. Library of Congress: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KwMINuEqd54
- Riverdale was key to historic 'African airlift': https://riverdalepress.com/stories/Riverdale-was-key-to-historic-African-airlift,42400
- U.S. Embassy Nairobi. The Kennedy Airlift of 1959-Reverend Daniel Mbai: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibqGcwllRCQ
- Friends salute Mboya’s American airlifts 50 years ago. The New African: https://newafricanmagazine.com/4195/4/