Giant Forest

Giant Forest
Giant Forest
	Giant sequoia trees in the Giant Forest, March 2019
Map
Geography
Location	Sequoia National Park, California, United States
Coordinates	36°33′45″N 118°45′05″W / 36.562445°N 118.751487°W
Elevation	6,990 feet (2,100 m)
Area	1,880 acres (7.6 km2)
Ecology
WWF Classification	Sierra Nevada forests
Dominant tree species	Sequoiadendron giganteum

The Giant Forest, famed for its giant sequoia trees, is within the United States' Sequoia National Park. This montane forest, situated at over 6,000 ft (1,800 m) above mean sea level in the western Sierra Nevada of California, covers an area of 1,880 acres (7.6 km²). The Giant Forest is the most accessible of all giant sequoia groves, as it has over 40 mi (64 km) of hiking trails.

Five of the ten most massive trees on Earth are located within the Giant Forest. The largest of these, named General Sherman, measures 36.5 ft (11.1 m) across the base. The giant sequoia is the world's most massive species of tree and is one of the six species documented to grow to 300 ft (91 m) in height; the others are coast redwood, yellow meranti, Eucalyptus regnans, Douglas fir, and Sitka spruce. It is also among the longest-lived of all trees in the world.

The area

Map showing location of Giant Forest

Giant Forest is close to Crystal Cave, Moro Rock and Crescent Meadow.

The western trailhead of the High Sierra Trail which crosses the Sierra Nevada to Mount Whitney is at the Crescent Meadow parking area.

Ponderosa, Jeffrey, Sugar, and Lodgepole pine trees are common here, as well as white and red fir. Visitors often see mule deer, Douglas squirrel, and American black bear. The National Park Service warns visitors not to leave any food in unattended vehicles because bears may break in to steal food.

Giant Forest is unique among sequoia groves in that it contains large water-storing fen meadows such as Round Meadow, Crescent Meadow and Circle Meadow.

Giant Forest Village

The giant sequoia trees are first encountered on the approach from the south at Giant Forest Village—a small cluster of buildings that is dwarfed by the surrounding trees. Some of the sequoias have become unstable due to root damage caused by building development and hence visitor services in this area have been reduced, including transfer of lodging to Wuksachi Village, 7 miles (11 km) north. The sequoia forest extends mainly east of the village, and is accessed by a three-mile (4.8 km) side road plus many interconnecting foot trails. These range from one to five miles (1.6 to 8.0 km) in length, leading to various named individual trees and clusters of particular importance. The area is generally quite sheltered and receives high rainfall, which is one reason why the sequoia attain such size, but these conditions are also ideal for mosquitoes, which are abundant in the forests most of the year. These provide the only real hazard—the paths are generally quite level and well shaded from the sun.

Climate

Climate data for Giant Forest, California
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	68 (20)	70 (21)	76 (24)	77 (25)	84 (29)	91 (33)	94 (34)	94 (34)	91 (33)	85 (29)	86 (30)	73 (23)	94 (34)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	53 (12)	57 (14)	62 (17)	68 (20)	75 (24)	83 (28)	87 (31)	86 (30)	84 (29)	76 (24)	66 (19)	55 (13)	86.9 (30.5)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	41.2 (5.1)	43.9 (6.6)	47.6 (8.7)	52.5 (11.4)	59.2 (15.1)	67.8 (19.9)	76.1 (24.5)	77.3 (25.2)	72.4 (22.4)	62.0 (16.7)	50.9 (10.5)	43.4 (6.3)	57.9 (14.4)
Daily mean °F (°C)	32.2 (0.1)	33.9 (1.1)	36.6 (2.6)	41.7 (5.4)	47.9 (8.8)	55.8 (13.2)	64.4 (18.0)	63.2 (17.3)	58.6 (14.8)	49.9 (9.9)	40.7 (4.8)	34.6 (1.4)	46.6 (8.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	23.2 (−4.9)	24.1 (−4.4)	25.7 (−3.5)	31.1 (−0.5)	37.2 (2.9)	43.8 (6.6)	51.4 (10.8)	49.7 (9.8)	44.8 (7.1)	37.8 (3.2)	30.5 (−0.8)	26.0 (−3.3)	35.4 (1.9)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	8.3 (−13.2)	9.9 (−12.3)	12.7 (−10.7)	17.1 (−8.3)	24.6 (−4.1)	31.7 (−0.2)	42.5 (5.8)	40.4 (4.7)	33.1 (0.6)	25.4 (−3.7)	17.3 (−8.2)	11.2 (−11.6)	4 (−16)
Record low °F (°C)	−7 (−22)	−3 (−19)	1 (−17)	3 (−16)	13 (−11)	22 (−6)	34 (1)	31 (−1)	25 (−4)	15 (−9)	2 (−17)	0 (−18)	−7 (−22)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	6.80 (173)	7.64 (194)	6.36 (162)	4.98 (126)	1.75 (44)	0.48 (12)	0.11 (2.8)	0.15 (3.8)	0.47 (12)	1.60 (41)	4.25 (108)	7.24 (184)	41.83 (1,062.6)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	38.7 (98)	40.0 (102)	42.2 (107)	27.7 (70)	5.2 (13)	0.2 (0.51)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	3.0 (7.6)	13.1 (33)	32.3 (82)	202.4 (513.11)
Source: WRCC^[1]

History

Once the home of nearly 300 buildings, the region now has four, with no commercial activity. It is a designated "day use" area. The Giant Forest Lodge Historic District was designated in 1978, encompassing the main area of development in the Giant Forest grove. The development was demolished between 1995 and 2000, with day use features moving to the nearby Giant Forest Village–Camp Kaweah Historic District, which was itself extensively altered, and overnight visitor services moving to Wuksachi Village. The area within the grove was restored to nearly natural conditions, allowing the use of fire for forest management and the germination of new sequoia seedlings.

Access

The forest can be reached from Fresno by State Route 180 or from Visalia by State Route 198. The Generals' Highway connects Giant Forest to Kings Canyon National Park and the General Grant Grove, home to the General Grant tree among other giant sequoias.

Noteworthy trees

General Sherman, the most massive tree in the world

Some of the trees found in the grove that are worthy of special note are:

General Sherman: In 1931 this tree was established to be the largest living thing in the world and, therefore, also the largest tree in the world. It has a volume of 52,508 cubic feet (1,486.9 cubic meters). The top of the Sherman is a dead limb that at one time served as a leader branch. Its largest limb is around 7 feet (2.1 m) in diameter. The second-largest tree in the world, the General Grant, is located about 27 miles away in Kings Canyon National Park.
President: Recent measurements by arborists who climbed up into the crown of the tree and rappelled down through the limbs have discovered that the President Tree is actually bigger than the General Grant tree and is even beginning to rival the General Sherman Tree as the world's largest.^{[citation needed]}
Congress group: a grove (36°34′22″N 118°44′59″W / 36.57281°N 118.74961°W / 36.57281; -118.74961),^[2] located between the General Sherman Tree and the Giant Forest Museum, and further divided into The House and The Senate. The Congress Grove is near the President Tree.^[2] It was in 1922, that Colonel John R. White, the superintendent of Sequoia National Park, named the Senate trees to honor the United States Senate.^[3] On the Congress Trail, an easy hike of 2 miles (3.2 km) stroll takes you to The Senate. A short additional distance will add other prominent sequoias.^[3]
Chief Sequoyah: Just uphill from the President tree is the massive and very impressive Chief Sequoyah. This tree is one of the most strikingly rugged trees in the forest.
Lincoln: This is the fourth-largest tree at 44,471 cubic feet (1,259.3 cubic meters).
Franklin: Although it is the eighth-largest tree in the world, this tree has been largely ignored, perhaps because it is in such a massive grove with many other large specimens. This tree has a huge fire scar on one side and a very large diameter.
Monroe: The tenth-largest tree in the world.
General Pershing: The lower trunk is massive and the top is a tapering dead snag.
Column Tree: About 100 yards (91 m) from the General Pershing is another large sequoia. Its lack of taper makes it the fourteenth-largest giant sequoia.
Adams Tree: From about 90 feet (27 m) up, the trunk is very irregular with many limb buttresses and much foliage. The top is a maze of limbs.
Cleveland Tree: One of the 40 largest giant sequoias.
Hamilton: A large tree with a volume of 32,783 cubic feet (928.3 cubic meters).
Near Ed by Ned: Another tree with an impressive lower trunk, it was measured in 1997 at a volume of 30,333 cubic feet (858.9 cubic meters). The tree is located 46 m (151 ft) north of Ed by Ned, hence the name.
Ed by Ned: A pair of intertwined giant sequoia trees located at the southern end of Round Meadow; also known as the "Uncle Ned Tree".
Hazelwood Tree: A large tree that, although reduced by half due to lightning damage sustained in 2002, is still alive.
Washington tree: Once the second-largest tree in the world, a fire in 2003 and snowstorm in 2005 cost it most of its trunk and size, and it is no longer exceptional.
Unnamed Tree: A nameless but unusually tall tree, measured from two different angles to be 303.4 feet (92.5 m) tall. With a diameter of 19.5 feet (5.9 m) at breast height and a volume probably around 30,000 cubic feet (850 cubic meters), it is the largest-known sequoia to exceed 300 feet (91 m).^[4]