Theodor V. Ionescu (February 8, 1899 – November 7, 1988) was a Romanian physicist and inventor who made remarkable discoveries in plasma physics, ionosphere physics, ion coupling electrons in dense plasmas, masers, magnetron amplifiers, and Zeeman effects related to controlled nuclear fusion and quantum emission mechanisms in hot plasmas. He was a member of the Romanian Academy from December 21, 1935.[1]
Theodor V. Ionescu | |
|---|---|
 Theodor V. Ionescu in Bucharest, 1970 | |
| Born | February 8, 1899 |
| Died | November 6, 1988 (aged 89) |
| Nationality | Romanian |
| Citizenship | Romania |
| Alma mater | Paris-Sorbonne University University of Iași University of Bucharest |
| Known for | plasma physics magnetic resonance first maser studies magnetron invention 3D cinematography/TV devices coupled electron-ion oscillations in ultra-hot plasmas nuclear fusion in ultra-hot hydrogen plasmas |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Doctoral advisor | Petru Bogdan |
Ph.D. studies in plasma physics
editHe received his Ph.D. in plasma physics, first in Paris at Paris-Sorbonne University, and then in Iași. Thus, the history of plasma physics in Romania began in 1923 with the defense of the first PhD thesis in physics at the University of Iași by Ionescu, under the guidance of Petru Bogdan. Ionescu carried out the first experimental studies in Romania of the physics of ionized gases/plasmas.
Scientific achievements and collaborators
editIn 1925 invented a microphone based on thermionic currents (currents emitted by heated bodies) and a light projector using the interference phenomenon.
Founded in the same year the first Electricity and Magnetism Laboratory, as well as the first Chair of Electricity and Magnetism in the Department of Mathematics and Physics at the University of Bucharest.
The first prototype of a precursor to the magnetron power amplifier
editHe built in 1934–1935 a precursor[2] to the high-power, multi-cavity magnetron that was built subsequently, in 1937–1940, by the British physicist, Sir John Turton Randall, FRSE together with a team of British coworkers for the British and American, military radar installations in WWII.[3] At the same time, the Telefunken Company of Berlin was 'searching' for such a device[4] but has apparently met with much less success than the British inventors or Th. V. Ionescu. (However, the split anode magnetron had first been developed in 1921 by Dr. A.E.Hull at General Electric Company in USA; also in 1921, Ernst Haban, who was working in Germany, developed a similar device that worked on a 3 cm wavelength. A strong competitor of the former inventors was also Dr. H.E.Hollman who registered many patents between 1925 and 1935 that documented devices related to magnetron development).[5]
Patents
editIn 1936, he obtained a patent for the 3D imaging in cinema and television. In 1946, together with physicist V. Mihu invented and built a maser-type device.[citation needed]
Discoveries
editHe worked in the early 1960s in the Laboratory of the Bucharest Institute of Plasma Physics together with his childhood friend, Octav Gheorghiu[permanent dead link], whom he greatly respected for his exceptional human qualities. They studied systematically the resonant frequencies of molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions. Then, they published their most important experimental results in a series of articles in C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris.(pp. 245, 898, 957, 246, pp. 2250, 3598, 1958, 250, 2182 p. 1960, 252, p. 870, 1961) and Rev Roum. Phys.
In the early 1970s, together with physicists Radu Pârvan and J. C. Băianu - one of his Ph.D. research assistants in plasma physics in magnetic fields in the Electricity Department of the Faculty of Physics, Bucharest – Ionescu completed experiments on controlled magnetic resonance oscillations in ultra-hot plasmas. Such seminal experiments involved the coupling of ionic and electronic oscillations in ultra-hot plasma involving quantum amplified stimulation processes in the presence of longitudinal magnetic fields which opened novel possibilities for achieving hot nuclear fusion in the future (Achieving nuclear fusion in high pressure hot plasma).[6] The first report of these research results was presented at the French Academy of Science in Paris by Louis Néel, member of the Academy and Nobel Prize in Physics for Magnetism.[7] Additional results were then published in the same year in the internationally renowned magazine C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris.[8]
His successor as Head of Department in 1970 was Florin Ciorăscu, "imported" from the IFA, (who died in 1977 during the major earthquake in Bucharest).
Notes
edit- ^ Elvira Botez. Academia de Științe din România. Istoricul ei. NOEMA, vol.6 (2007);(The History of the Romanian Academy of Sciences) Archived 2013-02-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Th.V.Ionescu. Electricity and Magnetism ("Electricitate şi Magnetism"): Course Notes., School of Physics, University of Bucharest., (1960), pp.1247
- ^ "Radar Recollections – A Bournemouth University/CHiDE/HLF project" by Prof. W. E. Burcham
- ^ From the 1935 magazine Electronics: "Microwaves To Detect Aircraft"
- ^ "Radar Recollections – A Bournemouth University/CHiDE/HLF project"
- ^ PLASMA AND THE CONTROLLED THERMONUCLEAR REACTION
- ^ Louis Néel: "Magnetism and the Local Molecular Field"
- ^ Th.V.Ionescu et al. (1969). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 270: 1321–1324
References
edit- Th.V.Ionescu. Electricity and Magnetism. "Electricitate şi Magnetism". "Electricity and Magnetism". Course Notes., School of Physics, University of Bucharest., 1960.
- Th.V.Ionescu et al. (1969). "Les oscillations ioniques dans les cathodes creuses dans un champ magnetique.", transmise par M. Louis Neel, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 270: 1321–1324,
- Gh. Popa, L. Sîrghi, Fundamentals of plasma physics (Bazele fizicii plasmei), Ed. Univ.Course Notes., Department of Physics, University of Bucharest., 1960.
- Romanian personalities of science and technology – the dictionary, Scientific and Encyclopaedic Publishing House, Bucharest, 1982
- Ioan Ioviţ Popescu, D. Ciobotaru, Bazele fizicii plasmei., Ed. Tehnică, București, 1987.
- D.Alexandroaei, Special Chapters in Plasma Physics. (Capitole speciale de fizica plasmei.), Ed. Univ."Al.I.Cuza", Iasi, 2000.
- Nicoleta Dumitrascu, Introduction to plasma physics (Introducere în fizica plasmei.), Ed Junimea 1999
- John Ioviţă Popescu, D. Ciobotaru, "Fundamentals of plasma physics", Technical Publishing House, Bucharest, 1987.
- Personalităţi româneşti ale ştiinţelor naturii şi tehnicii – dicţionar, Ed. Ştiinţifică şi Enciclopedică, București, 1982