In video games, third-person (also spelled third person) is a graphical perspective rendered from a fixed distance behind and slightly above the player character. This viewpoint allows players to see a more strongly characterized avatar and is most common in action games and action adventure games. Games with this perspective often make use of positional audio, where the volume of ambient sounds varies depending on the position of the avatar.[1]
Camera systems
editThere are primarily three types of camera systems in games that use a third-person view: the "tracking camera systems" in which the camera simply follows the player's character; the "fixed camera systems" in which the camera positions are set during the game creation; and the "interactive camera systems" that are under the player's control.
Simple tracking cameras follow the characters from behind, and were common in early 3D games such as Crash Bandicoot or Tomb Raider since it is very simple to implement. However, the player is unable to move the camera to resolve occluded views or focus on areas of interest,[2][3][4] and may jerk or end up in awkward positions if the character is near a wall.[1]
Fixed camera systems are defined by the developers during the game creation. The camera views will not change dynamically, so the same place will always be shown under the same set of views. Games that use fixed cameras include Grim Fandango (1998) and the early Resident Evil and God of War games.[5] Such a system allows designers to use the language of film, creating mood through camerawork and selection of shots.[6]
Interactive camera systems still track the character, but can also be moved by the player. Fully interactive camera systems are often difficult to implement in the right way;[citation needed] GameSpot's Jeff Gerstmann argued that much of the Super Mario Sunshine's difficulty comes from having to control the camera.[7] Conversely, IGN's Matt Casamassina called The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker's camera system "so smart that it rarely needs manual correction".[8] One of the first games to offer an interactive camera system was Super Mario 64.[9][10]
Controls
editMany games with fixed cameras use tank controls, whereby players control character movement relative to the position of the player character rather than the camera position;[11] this allows the player to maintain direction when the camera angle changes.[12]
On video game consoles, interactive camera systems are often controlled by an analog stick to provide good accuracy, whereas on PC games they are usually controlled by the mouse.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Rollings, Andrew; Ernest Adams (2006). Fundamentals of Game Design. Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780131687479. Archived from the original on 17 February 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2009.
- ^ "Sonic Adventure Review". IGN. Archived from the original on 11 February 2008. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
- ^ "Tomb Raider: The Last Revelation Review". IGN. 11 December 1999. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
- ^ Carle, Chris. "Enter the Matrix Review". IGN. Archived from the original on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
- ^ Casamassina, Matt. "fixed-camera". giantbomb.
- ^ Casamassina, Matt. "Resident Evil Review". IGN. Archived from the original on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
- ^ Gerstmann, Jeff (4 October 2002). "Super Mario Sunshine Review for GameCube". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
- ^ Casamassina, Matt (25 March 2003). "The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker Review". IGN. Archived from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
- ^ "15 Most Influential Video Games of All Time: Super Mario 64". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
- ^ "The Essential 50 Part 36: Super Mario 64 from". 1UP.com. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
- ^ "A eulogy for tank controls". PC Gamer. 20 February 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
- ^ Matulef, Jeffrey (26 January 2015). "Bringing out the Dead: Tim Schafer reflects back on Grim Fandango". Eurogamer. Retrieved 5 March 2018.