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Timeline of Kaliningrad

(Redirected from Timeline of Königsberg)

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kaliningrad, Russia. The city was known as Königsberg (Polish: Królewiec, Lithuanian: Karaliaučius) prior to 1945 and Twangste prior to 1255.

Coat of arms of Kaliningrad
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Historical coat of arms of Königsberg

Era of Teutonic Order

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15th century

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  • 1440 – The city becomes a founding member of the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation.
  • 1454
    • March: Inclusion of the city, in Polish known as Królewiec, within the borders of the Kingdom of Poland following a request of the Prussian Confederation.[5]
    • March: The local mayor pledged allegiance to the Polish King during the incorporation of the region in Kraków.[6]
    • March: City authorized by the Polish king to mint Polish coins.[7]
    • April: City becomes the capital of the Królewiec Voivodeship within Poland.[8]
  • 1455 – Captured by Teutonic Knights during the Thirteen Years' War.
  • 1457 – City becomes capital of the State of the Teutonic Order.[1]
  • 1464 – Georg Steinhaupt becomes mayor.[3]
  • 1465 – Landing force from Polish-allied Elbląg destroyed the shipyard near the Old Town, preventing the Teutonic Knights from rebuilding their fleet until the end of the Thirteen Years' War.[9]
  • 1466 – Second Treaty of Thorn: the city becomes a part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Order.[10]

16th century

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17th century

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  • 1616 – A Catholic church erected by order of King Sigismund III Vasa and the bishop of Warmia
  • 1618 – Duchy of Prussia passes under control of Electors of Brandenburg, August: John Sigismund becomes Duke of Prussia
  • 1619 – December: George William becomes Duke of Prussia
  • 1626 – City walls built.[17]
  • 1629 – City refuses to pay taxes to the duchy.[18]
  • 1632 – King Władysław IV Vasa of Poland supports the city in its dispute with Duke George William.[18]
  • 1635
    • January: Agreement between the King of Poland and the city, granting the city the right to organize its military defense against a possible Swedish attack in exchange for exemption from taxes.[18]
    • July: Visit of King Władysław IV Vasa.[19]
    • July: Jerzy Ossoliński appointed the Polish governor of the duchy by King Władysław IV Vasa.[19]
    • Jerzy Ossoliński completes the fortification of the city against a potential Swedish attack.[19]
  • 1636 – Visit of King Władysław IV Vasa.[19]
  • 1640 – December: Frederick William becomes Duke of Prussia
  • 1647 – Neurossgarten Church dedicated
  • 1657
  • 1662
    • City sends a letter to King John II Casimir Vasa of Poland, opposing the rule of Elector Frederick William.[20]
    • 8 July: Confederation formed in the city to maintain Poland's sovereignty over the city and region.[20]
    • 27 October: The Brandenburg Elector and his army enter the city.[20]
    • 30 October: Hieronymus Roth, leader of the city's anti-Elector opposition, abducted by Brandenburg forces, and then imprisoned.[21]
  • 1663 – City burghers, forced by Frederick William, swear an oath of allegiance to him, however, in the same ceremony they still also pledge allegiance to Poland.[22]
  • 1688 – April: Frederick becomes Duke of Prussia.

18th century

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19th century

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View of the city from circa 1810
 
Königsberg Castle in the 1890s
  • 1890 – Population: 161,666.[1]
  • 1892 – Baltika Stadium opens.
  • 1893 – Hermann Theodor Hoffmann becomes mayor.
  • 1896 – Zoo founded.
  • 1897 – Königsberger Tageblatt (newspaper) in publication.
  • 1898 – Palaestra Albertina established.[35]
  • 1900

20th century

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1900-1945

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Aerial view of the castle and city centre in 1925

1946-1990s

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Castle ruins in the 1960s

21st century

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1910). "Königsberg" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 894–895.
  2. ^ a b c d e David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Königsberg". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
  3. ^ a b Richard Armstedt (1899). Geschichte der königl. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Königsberg in Preussen [History of the Royal Capital and Residence City of Königsberg in Prussia] (in German). Stuttgart: Hobbing & Büchle.
  4. ^ "Sites and projects". sg39.ru. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  5. ^ Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. p. 54.
  6. ^ Górski, pp. 71–72
  7. ^ Górski, p. 63
  8. ^ a b c d Podbereski 2010, p. 113.
  9. ^ "Kalendarz dat: 1465". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  10. ^ Górski, pp. 96–97, 214–215
  11. ^ a b Małłek 1992, p. 248.
  12. ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
  13. ^ a b c d Małłek 1992, p. 249.
  14. ^ a b Podbereski 2010, p. 114.
  15. ^ Feduszka, Jacek (2009). "Szkoci i Anglicy w Zamościu w XVI-XVIII wieku". Czasy Nowożytne (in Polish). Vol. 22. Zarząd Główny Polskiego Towarzystwa Historycznego. p. 52. ISSN 1428-8982.
  16. ^ a b c d Małłek 1992, p. 250.
  17. ^ a b c d e George Henry Townsend (1867), "Königsberg (Prussia)", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
  18. ^ a b c Małłek 1992, p. 252.
  19. ^ a b c d Małłek 1992, p. 253.
  20. ^ a b c Małłek 1992, p. 254.
  21. ^ Małłek 1992, pp. 254–255.
  22. ^ Małłek 1992, p. 255.
  23. ^ a b Julius Petzholdt (1853), Handbuch Deutscher Bibliotheken (in German), Halle: H.W. Schmidt, OCLC 8363581
  24. ^ Ciesielski, Tomasz (2010). "Prusy Wschodnie w trakcie polskiej wojny sukcesyjnej i wojny siedmioletniej". In Gieszczyński, Witold; Kasparek, Norbert (eds.). Wielkie wojny w Prusach. Działania militarne między dolną Wisłą a Niemnem na przestrzeni wieków (in Polish). Dąbrówno. p. 108. ISBN 978-83-62552-00-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  25. ^ a b Ciesielski, p. 113
  26. ^ Ciesielski, p. 165
  27. ^ a b Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Konigsberg", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
  28. ^ Podbereski 2010, p. 115.
  29. ^ Richard Armstedt (1895). Heimatkunde von Königsberg (in German). Königsberg: Koch.
  30. ^ Podbereski 2010, p. 116.
  31. ^ J. Niederstetter, ed. (1867). Staats-Almanach für das Königreich Preußen (in German). Berlin: Heymann.
  32. ^ Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Königsberg", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
  33. ^ a b "Kaliningrad Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  34. ^ Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.
  35. ^ "Königsberg", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379
  36. ^ Eugene van Cleef (1945). "East Baltic Ports and Boundaries: With Special Reference to Königsberg". Geographical Review. 35 (2): 257–272. doi:10.2307/211478. JSTOR 211478.
  37. ^ United States Hydrographic Office (1917). Baltic Pilot. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
  38. ^ "Zeitungsinformationssystem ZEFYS" [Newspaper Information System] (in German). Berlin State Library. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  39. ^ a b c Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 529, OL 5812502M
  40. ^ "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.
  41. ^ Ceranka, Paweł; Szczepanik, Krzysztof (2020). Urzędy konsularne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1918–1945. Informator archiwalny (in Polish). Warszawa: Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych. p. 196. ISBN 978-83-65681-93-5.
  42. ^ Cygański, Mirosław (1984). "Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939-1945". Przegląd Zachodni (in Polish) (4): 41.
  43. ^ Cygański, p. 42
  44. ^ "Lager für Sinti und Roma Königsberg". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  45. ^ "Memorial Plaque to the Victims of the First Deportation from Königsberg". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
  46. ^ a b Gliński, Mirosław. "Podobozy i większe komanda zewnętrzne obozu Stutthof (1939–1945)". Stutthof. Zeszyty Muzeum (in Polish). 3: 173. ISSN 0137-5377.
  47. ^ Russell H. Fifield (1948). "International Affairs: The Postwar World Map: New States and Boundary Changes". American Political Science Review. 42 (3): 533–541. doi:10.2307/1949917. JSTOR 1949917. S2CID 147617453.
  48. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
  49. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  50. ^ "Russianmuseums.info". Russian Cultural Heritage Network. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  51. ^ Europa World Year Book 2004. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1857432533.
  52. ^ История Палаты [History of the Chamber] (in Russian). Калининградская торгово-промышленная палата (Kaliningrad Chamber of Commerce). Archived from the original on 12 April 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  53. ^ G.J. Ashworth; J.E. Tunbridge (1999). "Old cities, new pasts: Heritage planning in selected cities of Central Europe". GeoJournal. 49 (1): 105–116. doi:10.1023/A:1007010205856. JSTOR 41147404. S2CID 133089435.
  54. ^ Patrick E. Tyler (5 April 2000). "In a Russian Region Apart, Corruption Is King". New York Times. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  55. ^ "Kaliningrad marks key anniversary". BBC News. 3 July 2005. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  56. ^ "Mayors in Europe". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  57. ^ "Kaliningrad profile". BBC News. 31 May 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  58. ^ "Restlessness in Russia's Western Outpost". New York Times. 25 March 2010. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  59. ^ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
  60. ^ "Crack in the EU: Poland and Kaliningrad Open Borders for Locals". Spiegel Online. 2 August 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2013.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and Russian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

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in English

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Published in the 18th-19th century
Published in the 20th century
Published in the 21st century
  • Peter Savodnik (2003). "Kaliningrad". Wilson Quarterly. 27 (2): 16–22. JSTOR 40261179.
  • Ann Kennard (2010). "Case Study 1: Kaliningrad". Old Cultures, New Institutions: Around the New Eastern Border of the European Union. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 133–161. ISBN 978-3-643-10751-0.

in other languages

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Königsberg.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kaliningrad.

54°43′00″N 20°31′00″E / 54.716667°N 20.516667°E / 54.716667; 20.516667

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