The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Sana'a, Yemen.
Prior to 20th century
edit- 530 CE - Abraha in power, with Sana'a as his capital (approximate date).[1]
- 570 - Siege of Sana'a (570); Sassanids in power.
- 715 - Great Mosque of Sana'a building expanded.
- 869 - Hiwali Yufirids in power (approximate date).[2]
- 901 - Town occupied by forces of Zaidi Yahya bin al-Husain.[2]
- 905 - Karmatian Ali bin al-Fadl in power.[2]
- 915 - Yufirid As'ad bin Ibrahim in power.[2]
- 956 - Town taken by Zaidi Mukhtar.[2]
- 1062 - Ali al-Sulayhi in power.[2]
- 1067 - Sulayhid capital relocated from Sana'a to Jibla by Arwa al-Sulayhi (approximate date).
- 1221 - Rasulid Badr al-Din Hasan in power.[3]
- 1259 - Earthquake.[2]
- 1538 - Ottomans in power.[4]
- 1602 - Ottomans ousted.[4]
- 1872 - Ottomans in power;[5] Sana'a becomes capital of the Yemen Vilayet.
- 1887 - Population: 25,000 (estimate).[1]
- 1891
- Uprising against Turkish rule.
- Population: 50,000 (estimate).[1]
20th century
edit- 1902 - Dar as-Sanay built.[6]
- 1905 - Uprising against Turkish rule.[7][1]
- 1911 - Political unrest.
- 1918 - Turkish rule ends.[8]
- 1921 - Population: 25,000 (approximate estimate).[9]
- 1948
- 17 February: Imam Yahya assassinated.[10]
- Alwaziri coup.
- 1952 - Al-Ahli Club Sana'a (football club) formed.
- 1954 - Al-Wehda Club (football club) formed.
- 1956 - Population: 60,000 (estimate).[11]
- 1962
- September: Military coup;[10]
- City becomes capital of the Yemen Arab Republic.
- Al-Thawra newspaper begins publication.[12]
- 1967 - November: Siege of Sana'a (1967) begins.[5]
- 1970 - Sana'a University established.
- 1971 - National Museum of Yemen established in Dar al-Shukr.
- 1974 - June: Military coup; Ibrahim al-Hamdi in power.[13]
- 1975
- 1981 - 280,000.
- 1982 - French Center for Archaeology and Social Sciences established.
- 1983 - Sana'a University Museum built.[6]
- 1984 - Military Museum[6] and General Organisation for the Preservation of Old Sana'a[16] established.
- 1986
- Ali Mohsen Al-Muraisi Stadium and Althawra Sports City Stadium open.
- Old City designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.[17]
- Population: 427,505.
- 1987 - Sultan Palace Hotel in business.
- 1988 - Women's Technical School built.[18]
- 1990
- City becomes capital of the Republic of Yemen.[19]
- Central Bank of Yemen headquartered in city.
- 1991 - Yemen Times newspaper begins publication.
- 1994 - Population: 973,548.[20]
- 1995 - San'a Institute for the Arabic Language established.
- 1996 - Yemen Observer newspaper begins publication.[21]
21st century
edit2000s
edit- 2004 - House of Folklore museum established.
- 2008
- Saleh Mosque built.
- 17 September: 2008 attack on the American Embassy in Yemen.[22]
- November: Political demonstration.[22]
- Al-Oruba football club formed.
- 2009 - Population: 1,976,286.[23]
2010s
edit- 2011
- 23 May-7 June: Battle of Sana'a (2011) (first phase).
- 18 September-25 November: Battle of Sana'a (2011) (second phase).
- 2011 Yemeni protests.[22]
- 2012 - 21 May: 2012 Sana'a bombing.[22]
- 2014
- 16–21 September: Battle of Sana'a (2014).
- 21 September: 2014–15 Yemeni coup d'état begins.
- 9 October: Bombing in Tahrir Square.
- 2015
- January 2015 Sana'a bombing
- 20 January: Houthis take Presidential Palace.
- 20 March: 2015 Sana'a mosque bombings.
- April: Airstrike.[24]
- 2016
- 2016–17 Yemen cholera outbreak begins.[25]
- Yemen Supreme Political Council headquartered in city.[26]
See also
edit- Sana'a history
- Timeline of Yemeni history
- Timelines of other cities in Yemen: Aden
References
edit- ^ a b c d Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d e f g Strothmann 1936.
- ^ Watson 1996.
- ^ a b Stanley 2008.
- ^ a b Paul Dresch (2000). "Brief Chronology". History of Modern Yemen. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79482-4.
- ^ a b c "Museums: Yemen". Arabia Antica. University of Pisa. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Turkey", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776
- ^ Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Sana", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1659, OL 6112221M
- ^ "Arabia: Imamate of Yemen". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
- ^ a b "Yemen Time Line", Atlas of the Middle East, Washington DC: US Central Intelligence Agency, 1993 – via University of Texas, Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
- ^ William A. Rugh (2004). Arab Mass Media: Newspapers, Radio, and Television in Arab Politics. USA: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-275-98212-6.
- ^ Ruth Lapidoth-Eschelbacher (1982). "Arab Yemen Republic (North Yemen)". The Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. International Straits of the World. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 90-247-2501-1.
- ^ Lamprakos 2005.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Aga Khan Development Network (1995). "Conservation of Old Sana'a". Aga Khan Award for Architecture. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ "Old City of Sana'a". World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ Yemen: Sana'a, ArchNet, archived from the original on 2013-11-05
- ^ Bosworth 2007.
- ^ "Population of Yemen, 1994 census". Al-Bab.com. Archived from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ "Yemen: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. p. 4714+. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- ^ a b c d BBC News (28 August 2011). "Yemen Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2013. United Nations Statistics Division.
- ^ Air strike on missile base in Yemen capital kills 25, wounds hundreds, Reuters, 20 April 2015
- ^ "State of emergency in Yemen's capital as cholera kills 115 people", Guardian, UK, 15 May 2017
- ^ "Plight of Houthi Rebels Is Clear in Visit to Yemen's Capital", New York Times, November 26, 2016
Bibliography
editPublished in 18th–19th centuries
- Carsten Niebuhr (1792). "Of the City of Sana". Travels through Arabia. Rare books reprints ;1. Translated by Robert Heron. Edinburgh: R. Morison and Son. hdl:2027/inu.39000003114886 – via HathiTrust.
- R.L. Playfair (1859). "Sanaa". History of Arabia Felix or Yemen. Selections from the Records of the Bombay government ;no.XLIX. New series. Bombay. hdl:2027/mdp.39015039640357.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Edward Balfour (1885), "Sana", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch, hdl:2027/mdp.39015068611022
Published in 20th century
- Wahab, Robert Alexander (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). pp. 125–126.
- British Admiralty (1916). "Yemen: Districts and Towns: San'a". Handbook of Arabia. Vol. 1. London: British War Office. hdl:2027/njp.32101006882755.
- R. Strothmann (1936). "Sana". Encyclopædia of Islam. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 143+. ISBN 9789004097933.
- R.B. Serjeant and R. Lewcock, eds., San'a: An Arabian-Islamic City (London: World of Islam Festival Trust, 1983).
- R. Lewcock, The Old Walled City of San'a (Paris: UNESCO, 1986)
- "Modernization of an Islamic City: the Case of Sanaa". Middle East City: Ancient Traditions Confront a Modern World. New York: Paragon. 1987.
- H. Kopp & E. Wirth (1994), Sana'a: Développement et Organisation de l'Espace d'une Ville Arabe, Cahiers de l'Institut de Recherches et d'Etudes sur le Monde Arabe et Musulman (in French), CNRS-Universites d'Aix Marseilles
- G. Grandguillaume; et al., eds. (1995), Sanaa hors les Murs: Une Ville Arabe Contemporaine, Collection Villes du Monde Arabe (in French), Tours: URBAMA
- Paul Bonnenfant, ed. (1995), Sanaa: Architecture Domestique et Société (in French), Paris: CNRS Editions
- Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "San'a". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. pp. 629+. ISBN 1884964036.
Published in 21st century
- Michele Lamprakos (2005). "Rethinking Cultural Heritage: Lessons from Sana'a, Yemen". Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review. 16 (2). International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments: 17–37. JSTOR 41747744 – via University of California, Berkeley.
- C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Sanaa". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 463+. ISBN 978-9004153882.
- Inventory of the historic city of Sana'a: a tool for urban conservation, UNESCO, 2008
- Salma K. Jayyusi; et al., eds. (2008). "Sana'a". The City in the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 615–624. ISBN 9789004162402.
- Bruce E. Stanley; Michael R.T. Dumper, eds. (2008), "Sanaa", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, p. 329+, ISBN 9781576079195
- Franck Mermier (2012). "Suqs of Sanaa: changing functions and symbolic centrality". In Mohammad Gharipour (ed.). The Bazaar in the Islamic City: Design, Culture, and History. American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-1-61797-346-8.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sana'a.
- Map of San'a, 1946
- Pier Paolo Pasolini (Director) (1971). Le mura di Sana'a [Walls of Sana'a] (in Italian).
- "Geographical Index: Sanaa". Arabian Humanities (in French). Sana'a. ISSN 2308-6122.
- Europeana. Items related to Sana'a, various dates.
- Safa Al Ahmad (7 April 2015). "The Fight for Yemen". Frontline. USA: Public Broadcasting Service. (Television documentary filmed in Sana'a in 2015, and also in Saada, Jaʿār, Rada'a, Aden)